tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72955829174930173122024-03-13T23:12:44.057-07:00MALAYSIAN WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHYA photographic and observational journey through the Natural History of MalaysiaGraeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.comBlogger59125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-27796261449028207472023-02-09T01:50:00.000-08:002023-02-09T01:50:10.264-08:00No segregation here; A long-tailed Macaque has joined a troupe of Dusky Langurs for the last 2 years.<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">My wife and I live in an apartment on Penang island overlooking the Strait of Malacca on one side and surrounded by forest trees on the other sides.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiROA3Dimiwb3QrcjmnMu3HYkbgK_HoonhuTp4VofwKwCFj-iyCGZBMJQr60tm9z66N8hiCWPkJCjZyOyuHjJBFAsgw0pxcftilQpFpLO5z0-g2hv-jWKKJw_IG4W28_IiyYemvyvFzMBYUoRe7HB8yQz8ZZeAA3uf7dBk4r6_QAkEC56Mvyw2gxa9i" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiROA3Dimiwb3QrcjmnMu3HYkbgK_HoonhuTp4VofwKwCFj-iyCGZBMJQr60tm9z66N8hiCWPkJCjZyOyuHjJBFAsgw0pxcftilQpFpLO5z0-g2hv-jWKKJw_IG4W28_IiyYemvyvFzMBYUoRe7HB8yQz8ZZeAA3uf7dBk4r6_QAkEC56Mvyw2gxa9i=w640-h480" width="640" /></a> </td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Drone shot showing the forest surrounding our condominium.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The forested slopes of Pearl Hill host a number of species of native animals including troupes of Dusky Langurs, foraging Long-tailed Macaques, Black Giant Squirrel sand the much smaller Plantain squirrels. There are a number of troupes of 15-25 individuals on Pearl Hill and they appear to keep to a defined territory. For the last 3 years I have followed the local troupe when they come into view while foraging or making for their sleeping trees in the evening.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhO02pE0zOWHNEX6uaDt4FaeT9ZBI_3G8VbD-P5PPzaKnJpzyqnrZ5i4o7oDlMJ2MjrgJo3pUvl5PnGZy23Kt83a-dCL7rSoPuNJhbgZeoja70RZJoLhPlY0LXOFJnCf4NVY59Q3XXQQwBCnVDDGQuh2iHWJG0QIOm2gNbtXHVVV6qZXp-80x689PRw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="3142" data-original-width="2095" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhO02pE0zOWHNEX6uaDt4FaeT9ZBI_3G8VbD-P5PPzaKnJpzyqnrZ5i4o7oDlMJ2MjrgJo3pUvl5PnGZy23Kt83a-dCL7rSoPuNJhbgZeoja70RZJoLhPlY0LXOFJnCf4NVY59Q3XXQQwBCnVDDGQuh2iHWJG0QIOm2gNbtXHVVV6qZXp-80x689PRw=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Long-tailed Macaque</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjUCSkEIFwx7vORyYUJTLlw41Nm6evkBkauk70A8Z_urc7m4bZ4yAeDetp-F6Cfkxo3I4e-3ixJ_KIRe7G31iT76fyXy95V36_FyZ6TnSG7cUqeRzrLEDfp6R_qmFjBP_JBf8IuEH7urKDdxKa8XxH7L-hjAO8wOZD_AJX-Q-iJl7YzYyEOYWo6MRr6" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="2842" data-original-width="3827" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjUCSkEIFwx7vORyYUJTLlw41Nm6evkBkauk70A8Z_urc7m4bZ4yAeDetp-F6Cfkxo3I4e-3ixJ_KIRe7G31iT76fyXy95V36_FyZ6TnSG7cUqeRzrLEDfp6R_qmFjBP_JBf8IuEH7urKDdxKa8XxH7L-hjAO8wOZD_AJX-Q-iJl7YzYyEOYWo6MRr6=w640-h476" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Black Giant Squirrel</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZJuBuYjgAFl6UKtkeHSVUIHvsEeUadYKGp2GxBxQx89Y63ZNIS4LnARO8yrkIYUhDGASubFmpTlPjsUQgnZEP_ksKlutpUSEPBCqPgTN9miyTv0CP2tREslxfPwNxVItXTuT1dSemZNf8qCpiXdrdj_GyUtyVkJRVJOSosTAjoOgQWCAHBWB7t2VE" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZJuBuYjgAFl6UKtkeHSVUIHvsEeUadYKGp2GxBxQx89Y63ZNIS4LnARO8yrkIYUhDGASubFmpTlPjsUQgnZEP_ksKlutpUSEPBCqPgTN9miyTv0CP2tREslxfPwNxVItXTuT1dSemZNf8qCpiXdrdj_GyUtyVkJRVJOSosTAjoOgQWCAHBWB7t2VE=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Plantain Squirrel</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Long-tailed Macaques are opportunist eaters and will rob bins and eat what they can find. Long-tailed Macaques are also called Crab-eating Macaques and were confined mainly to coastal regions but with humans and their relaxed handling of food items and trash they have moved inland. They can still be seen to foraging on shorelines today.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs3dT6wmcChlsC76_-nCYHldfifmgCKtoDHUSciwf8JdaJym5VT2ZftaR9jMzAHjm4B9BjHDorOGt1gMHM8LDLkJyRoXL8LOVAlsZPgM6YLQ5uSOBsh_wiC_Fnw3f8Q9sorMy_MdUtny42BNnq89yh0dyU-rr31vC-38XhMFfc7XKO9Www0uNiMEs-" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1620" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs3dT6wmcChlsC76_-nCYHldfifmgCKtoDHUSciwf8JdaJym5VT2ZftaR9jMzAHjm4B9BjHDorOGt1gMHM8LDLkJyRoXL8LOVAlsZPgM6YLQ5uSOBsh_wiC_Fnw3f8Q9sorMy_MdUtny42BNnq89yh0dyU-rr31vC-38XhMFfc7XKO9Www0uNiMEs-=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgNgauQBZmVsxBYjFsXyeaHbwjdopB_T6SGiaCz2FXcDfQ1XJwAPJsr3-ZbmjZfvhhNoWFzrAwU1WaF5hmCem-hzqFEf87bZnnzEevbf6iLttpn1Ps-nxhdcLL1w2oEi2lP2QN-vIFYMJ2zLz-KIPjdsDmi-RcTr271CMXiSpXO0r21iwVnTQT8gdcM" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1992" data-original-width="2988" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgNgauQBZmVsxBYjFsXyeaHbwjdopB_T6SGiaCz2FXcDfQ1XJwAPJsr3-ZbmjZfvhhNoWFzrAwU1WaF5hmCem-hzqFEf87bZnnzEevbf6iLttpn1Ps-nxhdcLL1w2oEi2lP2QN-vIFYMJ2zLz-KIPjdsDmi-RcTr271CMXiSpXO0r21iwVnTQT8gdcM=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Long-tailed Macaque with a Horseshoe crab</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> Dusky Langurs are vegetarian and will eat leaves, flowers and fruit. Macaques can exist on fruit but will often take the easy option to eat anything that they can beg, borrow or steal.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijJC6RuiJrDx_vkB4Z0LLn2qf4rKSxWKwiByfzk2y224zNqfLXvFDpC5e8fV7kLP9iBxL0XelBzIKjEEsvUwQY7lEYzOqkKjwFPOz2cmgc_EoI66hQxyaOSdxd5h6W324ynlIwjAFHCPrtlfAIppvb4CYXbparH5n918ZRqamousu8HP1EYFoOwO81" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="3085" data-original-width="2057" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijJC6RuiJrDx_vkB4Z0LLn2qf4rKSxWKwiByfzk2y224zNqfLXvFDpC5e8fV7kLP9iBxL0XelBzIKjEEsvUwQY7lEYzOqkKjwFPOz2cmgc_EoI66hQxyaOSdxd5h6W324ynlIwjAFHCPrtlfAIppvb4CYXbparH5n918ZRqamousu8HP1EYFoOwO81=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjQSxjupoE9RSNLeEeORYTd6JYcN6LJzOpyUkvK5vqy-BeFkTVr-quyzPnXTxi7Uze7jusCfuj_Ii8eFQbDskMX8kYaPzZHMHejzbwacHcY0nLxlfc8-MQCcSDoyp9nhr_8HU6EntXyHWQyHuERA0GZAqnQ_Svtctd2oxtXMAtHjdt1KmK8V4HDuqkt" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="2853" data-original-width="2787" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjQSxjupoE9RSNLeEeORYTd6JYcN6LJzOpyUkvK5vqy-BeFkTVr-quyzPnXTxi7Uze7jusCfuj_Ii8eFQbDskMX8kYaPzZHMHejzbwacHcY0nLxlfc8-MQCcSDoyp9nhr_8HU6EntXyHWQyHuERA0GZAqnQ_Svtctd2oxtXMAtHjdt1KmK8V4HDuqkt=w624-h640" width="624" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEglVoVo5ZQuWsTCaSfbZGPnH4aVq5TfE-GO668-M7sKkOeo-o9tQI0MtJmhM_mZmUQQKinQIs1k7dj2O3FzDM6PGznULnqQIleGMs059UCVTUKL8a1JhXRCbp7K0tvBuKyg5x61EVDm_YE9iHEH7UNGJtAZOc7vbRBSkbvSehDkC5yPr_SECgn-KJGU" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="2634" data-original-width="3951" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEglVoVo5ZQuWsTCaSfbZGPnH4aVq5TfE-GO668-M7sKkOeo-o9tQI0MtJmhM_mZmUQQKinQIs1k7dj2O3FzDM6PGznULnqQIleGMs059UCVTUKL8a1JhXRCbp7K0tvBuKyg5x61EVDm_YE9iHEH7UNGJtAZOc7vbRBSkbvSehDkC5yPr_SECgn-KJGU=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langurs seem to be rather laid-back compared with the sometime aggressive Macaques. Langurs have been seen in loose associations with other langurs including White-thighed Langurs (Surili) on Fraser's Hill. They have also been observed to form tighter associations with Silvered Langurs and will interbreed with them, which occurs in patchy forest remnants in Penang state..</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhSUbtHXhkRiya6s45NMDC5Kjm9wzrHx-AqITWPCO8RXuPXg3A_wCZ1TMmRvoeP7AiLYjuUUargANS_xA22oN1ljR6gu9oD4oQS9ZGqQqNLMvIvDuJvktst536W4fQx0ZMDs_6owTUvPMPseeD0hxUwE7OV2LDBEzqAC-qZdmfH0x3l8Q_H4G_EWaJA" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img data-original-height="2715" data-original-width="1824" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhSUbtHXhkRiya6s45NMDC5Kjm9wzrHx-AqITWPCO8RXuPXg3A_wCZ1TMmRvoeP7AiLYjuUUargANS_xA22oN1ljR6gu9oD4oQS9ZGqQqNLMvIvDuJvktst536W4fQx0ZMDs_6owTUvPMPseeD0hxUwE7OV2LDBEzqAC-qZdmfH0x3l8Q_H4G_EWaJA=w429-h640" width="429" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Silvered Langur</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi7opJtOWxVawh4M7-uElwoAYrsWfvw79lxkMoVyf_2uc_hdMw93mDxS5upol1751RE9C1bSoKMJQwJSEQeIKwgOtvnYzowAI-MiNv3AQZfwSEW5COOEIrlHjIhHjrAXcpwy9OphgL5rt4zYQ3D2XmizhQ_Wt_N0280qNPgMuCzHTBSv1HEyAT24nXd" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img data-original-height="854" data-original-width="569" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi7opJtOWxVawh4M7-uElwoAYrsWfvw79lxkMoVyf_2uc_hdMw93mDxS5upol1751RE9C1bSoKMJQwJSEQeIKwgOtvnYzowAI-MiNv3AQZfwSEW5COOEIrlHjIhHjrAXcpwy9OphgL5rt4zYQ3D2XmizhQ_Wt_N0280qNPgMuCzHTBSv1HEyAT24nXd=w427-h640" width="427" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Silvered Langur with a Dusky Langur (they can interbreed)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGq2OfarRjtsIoBoUmWfKN8z7SY7mwAVDY68zSf60WofPpSzQXTglLrSdBW0kkzt5zvsBrb0smeO2pYIZ5ouTzfV1C6lwNy2dGmt3vXwrmPTye_YKaV9gsNQT-n1zA_LWXU9hfx7oFedgvLv6iQmIfvPLDVB6h5UkiGORXvS1FQzfkWqIrWwx6uvWw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img data-original-height="1780" data-original-width="1187" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGq2OfarRjtsIoBoUmWfKN8z7SY7mwAVDY68zSf60WofPpSzQXTglLrSdBW0kkzt5zvsBrb0smeO2pYIZ5ouTzfV1C6lwNy2dGmt3vXwrmPTye_YKaV9gsNQT-n1zA_LWXU9hfx7oFedgvLv6iQmIfvPLDVB6h5UkiGORXvS1FQzfkWqIrWwx6uvWw=w427-h640" width="427" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">White-thighed Surili (they sometimes associate with Dusky Langurs)</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">Eighteen months to two years ago I noticed that a Long-tailed Macaque had joined the local langur troupe. It leaps with them, eats with them, plays with them and rests with them.</span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;"><b>In Summary; </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>They rest together</b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhaXMQm5b3Y4afBkEDpgs0FiNmHpe89lngeogjj1kzztqfzDgXmM3ww9QOCoacccu29dzrTG-7cJr73LoEcrEmadhYj5WC4eOiAFv4KZvmJx8MDzF6IIeXYJaZ8R2NWxqNeOlwcagPAoPX2Vh_50ow3h3jt4NBhPqpJ3P5eIeTAWaYkhxYu2-8VCNpT" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="3648" data-original-width="2721" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhaXMQm5b3Y4afBkEDpgs0FiNmHpe89lngeogjj1kzztqfzDgXmM3ww9QOCoacccu29dzrTG-7cJr73LoEcrEmadhYj5WC4eOiAFv4KZvmJx8MDzF6IIeXYJaZ8R2NWxqNeOlwcagPAoPX2Vh_50ow3h3jt4NBhPqpJ3P5eIeTAWaYkhxYu2-8VCNpT=w477-h640" width="477" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhSJ82Nn-laOsvlf6sp5EsVhDeVm8MDUgWCyFtntic-eKBzjqjDgDymzC9FhVQ3Y-Tvc-_y5Vh2k1V-f0-9fL33egh8LbsudoOhwa4oBTXD7NYHYXfU9JgteY6R9Z9LGQYtlQSWvSjCPy3auF3HmjIohFeZbSde4aqdV3gfmMk9uNrnCix7nly_b1Rr" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="3648" data-original-width="3223" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhSJ82Nn-laOsvlf6sp5EsVhDeVm8MDUgWCyFtntic-eKBzjqjDgDymzC9FhVQ3Y-Tvc-_y5Vh2k1V-f0-9fL33egh8LbsudoOhwa4oBTXD7NYHYXfU9JgteY6R9Z9LGQYtlQSWvSjCPy3auF3HmjIohFeZbSde4aqdV3gfmMk9uNrnCix7nly_b1Rr=w565-h640" width="565" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEheBN5olyYCnGYO85hUOppwYWBbIN44BHgFo-2NbiNhqI2m5cV70R7yKC3sc5G7Hp6qtyfmyhmdhrz0VP-Ky2GYrRvTP341EBT7nBrW8fgzOE54EpT20k4A5pGV1CfvVYxKFjnB40Wr2OYtnTU2cVBJQeUdcFZMbQWoTFB7RyiXoxsj1MDnCArxJnC7" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="1486" data-original-width="2000" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEheBN5olyYCnGYO85hUOppwYWBbIN44BHgFo-2NbiNhqI2m5cV70R7yKC3sc5G7Hp6qtyfmyhmdhrz0VP-Ky2GYrRvTP341EBT7nBrW8fgzOE54EpT20k4A5pGV1CfvVYxKFjnB40Wr2OYtnTU2cVBJQeUdcFZMbQWoTFB7RyiXoxsj1MDnCArxJnC7=w640-h476" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">They eat together</span></b></div></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhI8itvqrFjAXnlhoefVvwJJYfvxPXPwKLBCJsjmZ48YQJ8ZygstwAjhiCndTape07IvlTOxGePC0-4Fe_F8l-Vz4qaHneHVOtTzqNtEhxpTxeNU0WWcFPY3Im2U1Bg6BJ131L-o59mm8rqKd11xRFP2NTY9xYaxGWgpYSCDrdZbpM9EyV34dLkdT2m" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="3163" data-original-width="2109" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhI8itvqrFjAXnlhoefVvwJJYfvxPXPwKLBCJsjmZ48YQJ8ZygstwAjhiCndTape07IvlTOxGePC0-4Fe_F8l-Vz4qaHneHVOtTzqNtEhxpTxeNU0WWcFPY3Im2U1Bg6BJ131L-o59mm8rqKd11xRFP2NTY9xYaxGWgpYSCDrdZbpM9EyV34dLkdT2m=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJrRgZUrWNv3I1KZCBsDWMWvqHfr4lTZOAsI_YGhN9-fdpS0M8sh_nh01OhqeNi5cCVLbA6OEbJS36_NSHZDwx16A-koH3EzLRfMbT5zW28q3cRbaUey0HICUuKB5y1YLK_YHPWWBOgjiKeAws4z7-rloRgteFfSGwFjalOk13qP69jnR7y34mY3x2" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJrRgZUrWNv3I1KZCBsDWMWvqHfr4lTZOAsI_YGhN9-fdpS0M8sh_nh01OhqeNi5cCVLbA6OEbJS36_NSHZDwx16A-koH3EzLRfMbT5zW28q3cRbaUey0HICUuKB5y1YLK_YHPWWBOgjiKeAws4z7-rloRgteFfSGwFjalOk13qP69jnR7y34mY3x2" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="2926" data-original-width="1951" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJrRgZUrWNv3I1KZCBsDWMWvqHfr4lTZOAsI_YGhN9-fdpS0M8sh_nh01OhqeNi5cCVLbA6OEbJS36_NSHZDwx16A-koH3EzLRfMbT5zW28q3cRbaUey0HICUuKB5y1YLK_YHPWWBOgjiKeAws4z7-rloRgteFfSGwFjalOk13qP69jnR7y34mY3x2=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></span></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiG_6C8BRoBu9WA9tmWFKLgUTQazdUZAU2VzPCGgYTOw6ZI1XrgK9eL2s4gi9-74EHk2_mgeHObOQgb_ya8LC47q631DOQEMhaHZUZGouicwSO-I_pR9R8lWWhaIZo4ufYNjebBELPj-06JvclFprOgVnRpqM9QsJO1PaLb5J7TluSNuBo6X3wz5yzu" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="1255" data-original-width="1882" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiG_6C8BRoBu9WA9tmWFKLgUTQazdUZAU2VzPCGgYTOw6ZI1XrgK9eL2s4gi9-74EHk2_mgeHObOQgb_ya8LC47q631DOQEMhaHZUZGouicwSO-I_pR9R8lWWhaIZo4ufYNjebBELPj-06JvclFprOgVnRpqM9QsJO1PaLb5J7TluSNuBo6X3wz5yzu=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuEHi1Jy4eWvRqC_KrG0sKOqqEBknP-2V1Zlt7SX8jWVtw6mYmPr7sGHtqaHlr4XO07q5lV0IxZsUf8bOG5b786APh_pWaRWozpjP0VK_GKM66ceh1BeC-6Nqis3hzUuuAKwCCDjhvLDWiOtRstwwG26seMtmS4sBBNyd9IE83mKMp6owuj5ERhtrT" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="1514" data-original-width="2141" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuEHi1Jy4eWvRqC_KrG0sKOqqEBknP-2V1Zlt7SX8jWVtw6mYmPr7sGHtqaHlr4XO07q5lV0IxZsUf8bOG5b786APh_pWaRWozpjP0VK_GKM66ceh1BeC-6Nqis3hzUuuAKwCCDjhvLDWiOtRstwwG26seMtmS4sBBNyd9IE83mKMp6owuj5ERhtrT=w640-h452" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhiPiqP3-683qoJ8lUxI34hxR98O0Sh_aIHtiBuFYafLEVQ6KSNAXRg1IxXi_SuDsZub3S8cVYEgH2KRSWZ1tNWS39qyjbI0arb1rhI3-mfzkFfQSfeCz3qhU8he7jnRS6l1L5eiwQmD-QwKBpGsXWI4BVLdZNhzpVieyfwj7P3AvBwq9RWWkwywHnt" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="2852" data-original-width="3920" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhiPiqP3-683qoJ8lUxI34hxR98O0Sh_aIHtiBuFYafLEVQ6KSNAXRg1IxXi_SuDsZub3S8cVYEgH2KRSWZ1tNWS39qyjbI0arb1rhI3-mfzkFfQSfeCz3qhU8he7jnRS6l1L5eiwQmD-QwKBpGsXWI4BVLdZNhzpVieyfwj7P3AvBwq9RWWkwywHnt=w640-h466" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjS2-9CWrXZaKhFBXywFt_q5cliEL3SJvGEP6F3zQlJQbcdvv4dR6h8EhaWdBtkFCCbN4WojG5KfreUZDc4tZH7McfZlxzCVoXHodyBoq_QVOmuj7dboeJkUBIAcpjiE-p0rGMU4S3Ckn1qc49AqH31gErtjj6YYv6oDcVNeD5b1w1Wr81A1_2cDVSS" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="3386" data-original-width="3464" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjS2-9CWrXZaKhFBXywFt_q5cliEL3SJvGEP6F3zQlJQbcdvv4dR6h8EhaWdBtkFCCbN4WojG5KfreUZDc4tZH7McfZlxzCVoXHodyBoq_QVOmuj7dboeJkUBIAcpjiE-p0rGMU4S3Ckn1qc49AqH31gErtjj6YYv6oDcVNeD5b1w1Wr81A1_2cDVSS=w640-h624" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqtmsI-QwXzKnLHrlsk3mbeNPA4f03fOVh_jmKYuV7HcdldGVM6FMF7yVykJFzy6k8s8sm-yoTvicr8KSMfJP58CnZNphk_neadDugbylnbd0iE1g77Lfdbny0yQtwQRz4BQQ6Lt-zdZ7yCU1Tt-bE9ECCyOuS5nk0u2KXQM0OHe2mdfPI7GWZIifD" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="3648" data-original-width="3075" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqtmsI-QwXzKnLHrlsk3mbeNPA4f03fOVh_jmKYuV7HcdldGVM6FMF7yVykJFzy6k8s8sm-yoTvicr8KSMfJP58CnZNphk_neadDugbylnbd0iE1g77Lfdbny0yQtwQRz4BQQ6Lt-zdZ7yCU1Tt-bE9ECCyOuS5nk0u2KXQM0OHe2mdfPI7GWZIifD=w539-h640" width="539" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Macaque is bottom, right</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEizXmMn_oW08MNiOnaLavPvZuHRpkykH7LShpuyRkpXYQ8wnE_fduw-2kmhotyakewwzMhFJDqPI2ep-s-uMAuaUIm_YTcetVzuVM49XMrPnUNDdM7cwyplWZweE4XS01bPzdfVo8frAqKQBb8-jCAIAjsLGWTL7Hm1tNSGpq1fAimojyDN9b12Q5Yu" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="2287" data-original-width="3431" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEizXmMn_oW08MNiOnaLavPvZuHRpkykH7LShpuyRkpXYQ8wnE_fduw-2kmhotyakewwzMhFJDqPI2ep-s-uMAuaUIm_YTcetVzuVM49XMrPnUNDdM7cwyplWZweE4XS01bPzdfVo8frAqKQBb8-jCAIAjsLGWTL7Hm1tNSGpq1fAimojyDN9b12Q5Yu=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5SjEtZe9UmQKnOKHO4YxM-KJM5KqJS7WXQ-43xIWs-fdN4B7Q1x6u6MYOz6oo1HOqDcMSbfKD0WoDqdVIKiiTzBr3zu4OF-FSexxdkW7jRTQlqBsBIKLmi-Z8a94pH7hGiMvkzSnMUEh536sqcS_P1o14saPu4ep-BZ-mKQMkszpHp1BmPff-4UVN" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="2634" data-original-width="3951" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5SjEtZe9UmQKnOKHO4YxM-KJM5KqJS7WXQ-43xIWs-fdN4B7Q1x6u6MYOz6oo1HOqDcMSbfKD0WoDqdVIKiiTzBr3zu4OF-FSexxdkW7jRTQlqBsBIKLmi-Z8a94pH7hGiMvkzSnMUEh536sqcS_P1o14saPu4ep-BZ-mKQMkszpHp1BmPff-4UVN=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><br /></div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">They jump and move together </span></b>(difficult to show in one frame)</div></b></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh10Jf_u8repodggzHyL9yjY2ofYQuGIE4f6GAlsO4rc1wy-LkaoCdK9OAPgj8tCJJh9py2ph8C7tIYGQZYhRfTNcCPjgiqgZR6-Uz7EET9_fyFVQZCI4d5kwkk8KlGtC-tY8eC3dqwy8121309jXD6ElzKJ3zPdMH4GazKNjHKYfCGvoDWhxL5EZFt" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh10Jf_u8repodggzHyL9yjY2ofYQuGIE4f6GAlsO4rc1wy-LkaoCdK9OAPgj8tCJJh9py2ph8C7tIYGQZYhRfTNcCPjgiqgZR6-Uz7EET9_fyFVQZCI4d5kwkk8KlGtC-tY8eC3dqwy8121309jXD6ElzKJ3zPdMH4GazKNjHKYfCGvoDWhxL5EZFt=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></span></div></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgNMR9lzgbHrx0JBQYgNtcKAQW48zbYUHiHHd9ileXhHubfqqOCDxnJW_n-H2Dapl7xi0gTTgJLJghwrYie2FZvzpoYPwqIMVJgFNIXmnhSGXCc_I5sZuKnPHOdZlINBcHl46dmqGibPrM_6pY7o3gqAnk61sRCIUZpGCdlQAuVW3wR6aq92lgqpRxw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="2260" data-original-width="3390" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgNMR9lzgbHrx0JBQYgNtcKAQW48zbYUHiHHd9ileXhHubfqqOCDxnJW_n-H2Dapl7xi0gTTgJLJghwrYie2FZvzpoYPwqIMVJgFNIXmnhSGXCc_I5sZuKnPHOdZlINBcHl46dmqGibPrM_6pY7o3gqAnk61sRCIUZpGCdlQAuVW3wR6aq92lgqpRxw=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">What advantages does the Macaque derive by associating with the Langur Troupe?</span></b></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">One can only speculate as to why this association occurs. The forest around our condominium does not have many visitations from Macaques. They are generally not welcome as they can be destructive. The Langurs seem to know where the fruiting trees are and association with them would guarantee a constant supply of food. There are many trees that are prolific providers of fruit at different times of the year. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is always safety in numbers and the langurs have a good surveillance system that is sometimes assisted by their association with Racket-tailed Drongos.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Langurs, as mentioned, seem to be a tolerant, non aggressive species and treat the macaque as their own.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Whatever the reason for the association they demonstrate to their human relatives that tolerance of differences is a virtue.</span></span></p>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-26447048470234738432022-10-06T04:21:00.000-07:002022-10-06T04:21:49.306-07:00Spider's webs; the reinforcing and duct-tape used by Broadbills, Common Ioras, Hummingbirds, Kinglets, Gnatcatchers and Vireo bird species.<div class="separator"><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><br /></p></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Humans have analyzed spider's webs to understand why it is five times stronger than steel while being 1000 times thinner than a human hair. Each strand is made up of thousands of nano strands to attain this remarkable strength. Spider silk has been likened to the man-made Kevlar which is used to make bullet-proof vests.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Some bird species are intelligent enough to utilize this strength in nest building.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Locally, in Malaysia, with over 20 years in the field I have observed several species of broadbill utilizing web strands as well as the Common Iora, that has also been documented previously by a Singapore group. In the Americas; Hummingbirds, Kinglets, Gnatcatchers and Vireos have also been observed to embrace the same mode of structural engineering.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Broadbills in Malaysia are birds of the forest that are not commonly seen during the non-breeding season but build loose pendulous nests near rivers, streams, or forest tracks during the nesting season. In Khao Yai national park in Thailand there are many Long-tailed Broadbill nests hanging from telegraph/power lines that are adjacent to paved roads through the park. Waterways or roads are thought to provide easier access to the nest during the frenetic breeding season.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNz5zuiYPoJGjHzUXmyZXlBg41yVWbSh1MzrviU7od_e0F04yzryHzXtX2lN1JBfTQGhJG-JKOCVPf0FG2YH02e1XFh6xrEe6_U7JN-Mt4OgkFosfQGPE3NW11jI1dF401kbTi2FXkicg0EYOcdQWTVr-0gaYSpDeD0kbsNJsOe4LkODKmv_da8-N-" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="585" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNz5zuiYPoJGjHzUXmyZXlBg41yVWbSh1MzrviU7od_e0F04yzryHzXtX2lN1JBfTQGhJG-JKOCVPf0FG2YH02e1XFh6xrEe6_U7JN-Mt4OgkFosfQGPE3NW11jI1dF401kbTi2FXkicg0EYOcdQWTVr-0gaYSpDeD0kbsNJsOe4LkODKmv_da8-N-=w525-h640" width="525" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />I have observed Black and Red, Long-tailed and Silver-breasted Broadbills to draw the following conclusions. I have not observed Long-tailed Broadbills in the process of building their nests but have seen many nests and spider thread can be seen interwoven in all of them.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">A pair of Black and Red broadbills were photographed building a nest near the Kinabatangan River in Sabah. The following images detail how the pair tease the web apart and then apply it to the outside of the rather loose nest, often entailing picking up the thread and spiraling around the nest to place it judiciously.</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPMQi6VxaF6d75OGXPgBTpVZ-Q0c-lQeKiN6R5JEDuQazIu1RVflsFFd9ao_I1U0bJDwjQI1Gv6bShOHg3-m_CU5ZWJzib-7uNFi2Q-UbrKxFRZMfpGzYrsj5P-LgR9ZlTyKUXXMIf8QWxh5EFnBqX6lNXjJ1uBjb13xMtcCZ8zIcN0lTiGUIQJb7S" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2898" data-original-width="2163" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPMQi6VxaF6d75OGXPgBTpVZ-Q0c-lQeKiN6R5JEDuQazIu1RVflsFFd9ao_I1U0bJDwjQI1Gv6bShOHg3-m_CU5ZWJzib-7uNFi2Q-UbrKxFRZMfpGzYrsj5P-LgR9ZlTyKUXXMIf8QWxh5EFnBqX6lNXjJ1uBjb13xMtcCZ8zIcN0lTiGUIQJb7S=w477-h640" width="477" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black and Red Broadbill pair</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0yuCYZ2VxbVOLMLooQWiwikcQT016g_rHWDsdcSUGXmferITQHCEfQr2tvpwS_l1o1S3_U6_vh5id6OQ-jE1nfv-gjgq6-T-ft38aAExb9W2YZ3PFpLhul_JSHuBlcMxUjPEiEmN86SJejMCr5DMnUqj7owf4FARCTmbGifMyujgQScP0H9KJCz51" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2055" data-original-width="1370" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0yuCYZ2VxbVOLMLooQWiwikcQT016g_rHWDsdcSUGXmferITQHCEfQr2tvpwS_l1o1S3_U6_vh5id6OQ-jE1nfv-gjgq6-T-ft38aAExb9W2YZ3PFpLhul_JSHuBlcMxUjPEiEmN86SJejMCr5DMnUqj7owf4FARCTmbGifMyujgQScP0H9KJCz51=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bringing in the Spider's web</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div></div></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiWcVbutU5mdAvrliut_s0b0pjhK3DSvrRLNDTagqBsb_ewGCi8bAsmz2x-_xSizW8ow0zDf538kD7tiBz2H5vkQ6ZxzIh832-dusGLyVWcEeIoiBLxdcJIsYhLuiFM7JOjXp1e_YjW0R7J83DnmOYkjsQ3vguqEuLWhaM_p1jIWQW0I11tj8Y2clxV" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3067" data-original-width="2037" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiWcVbutU5mdAvrliut_s0b0pjhK3DSvrRLNDTagqBsb_ewGCi8bAsmz2x-_xSizW8ow0zDf538kD7tiBz2H5vkQ6ZxzIh832-dusGLyVWcEeIoiBLxdcJIsYhLuiFM7JOjXp1e_YjW0R7J83DnmOYkjsQ3vguqEuLWhaM_p1jIWQW0I11tj8Y2clxV=w424-h640" width="424" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Applying the spider silk</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgN9GOrhojbMUhvOAwEG1ox-CVQFKa1KIKPGeK5zujvpg8_djr13FYkdZoykUiojsmRk1HG7yMIENyxU_LgcjmVvXBk2ykfdt28RLxk_Noy7lYLVSsPxyd9_ZWUVMUf8V5-rWGqoYlAZsYCjBZlW-ZsFRRKf_UVH-Ra9Z3capiKH0Vp_PLFDD8eQRzU" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2358" data-original-width="1572" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgN9GOrhojbMUhvOAwEG1ox-CVQFKa1KIKPGeK5zujvpg8_djr13FYkdZoykUiojsmRk1HG7yMIENyxU_LgcjmVvXBk2ykfdt28RLxk_Noy7lYLVSsPxyd9_ZWUVMUf8V5-rWGqoYlAZsYCjBZlW-ZsFRRKf_UVH-Ra9Z3capiKH0Vp_PLFDD8eQRzU=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Spiraling around the nest with the spider silk</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMDtV9yzUgucOesgR0_6OCxz3Xz7cbV7q_mGIbrABfBZVRQIdRUjwkZ08Xfscp125rOfa6MUWbe5E3IJ-pq6NFN_qdfDVhEdyl9CGGVJMYe4ukej259iGF1I7EOKK-tmqaK7BZOaiezOcCTJ5YZaeGE-F4l-ZhLfuu1hNv43IqIO67CLBUARUIpgDI" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2138" data-original-width="1425" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMDtV9yzUgucOesgR0_6OCxz3Xz7cbV7q_mGIbrABfBZVRQIdRUjwkZ08Xfscp125rOfa6MUWbe5E3IJ-pq6NFN_qdfDVhEdyl9CGGVJMYe4ukej259iGF1I7EOKK-tmqaK7BZOaiezOcCTJ5YZaeGE-F4l-ZhLfuu1hNv43IqIO67CLBUARUIpgDI=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Applying the Spider silk while flying</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjwYeD3mEaEwiS4DnizGbNP-tIbvi09cu5kBejkCOkOdAy5dRb-05zQnP_YLZhkXDAhqqAG8oqEWjif_T8wQV05PiQntygC3Dx67Y8Mvs03WV6_142hMQmgOohwvhIPMp-PhLChiodb-HI0RvD7JDPHPputW0NPQkz1qTN1o3yB6fl9kuSyoxYrXRpf" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2332" data-original-width="2131" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjwYeD3mEaEwiS4DnizGbNP-tIbvi09cu5kBejkCOkOdAy5dRb-05zQnP_YLZhkXDAhqqAG8oqEWjif_T8wQV05PiQntygC3Dx67Y8Mvs03WV6_142hMQmgOohwvhIPMp-PhLChiodb-HI0RvD7JDPHPputW0NPQkz1qTN1o3yB6fl9kuSyoxYrXRpf=w584-h640" width="584" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There was a constant flow of material arriving at the nest under construction</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Similarly, Silver-breasted Broadbills were photographed nesting at Fraser's Hill and Bukit Tinggi in successive years. They were in an earlier stage of nest-building and seemed to gather some of the materials including spider web before construction started in earnest.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjoej3L3ehbABfdfmP6SZxnjHeDRh48hwN_oInmj5Ie3mLUgIkNOnNbF4tGXD5zzUkzozQyAKokP1tUpSHmngWRZdRUzJaO4BkK-G5JAinoC2lUtbbDrt9jZfe2fTafxe1p7I1OJYcmPO0VcUh-nUjTf1rsSoxfRYFnuhcAd_aP-NcdSFBI8KNTLGDl" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="688" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjoej3L3ehbABfdfmP6SZxnjHeDRh48hwN_oInmj5Ie3mLUgIkNOnNbF4tGXD5zzUkzozQyAKokP1tUpSHmngWRZdRUzJaO4BkK-G5JAinoC2lUtbbDrt9jZfe2fTafxe1p7I1OJYcmPO0VcUh-nUjTf1rsSoxfRYFnuhcAd_aP-NcdSFBI8KNTLGDl=w429-h640" width="429" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A pair of Silver-breasted Broadbills (the female has the necklace)</td></tr></tbody></table></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjvitLmS5j-dZXiHqH62jAu3MO1svx7Cr5OHdvQeMNZ6s8ia5YjNPHYZxMRuurDjHXybe1lOfG2v7RFl_GBdplngM31WWlEAA56_J7nwCE55iSlM6PYD0wY6bw2UgbVhzDwWpySk1gT9POEHiEZA2MYXLxS9yCgX0hMxLo13KPWvWxVb2f4ToltesT7" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="697" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjvitLmS5j-dZXiHqH62jAu3MO1svx7Cr5OHdvQeMNZ6s8ia5YjNPHYZxMRuurDjHXybe1lOfG2v7RFl_GBdplngM31WWlEAA56_J7nwCE55iSlM6PYD0wY6bw2UgbVhzDwWpySk1gT9POEHiEZA2MYXLxS9yCgX0hMxLo13KPWvWxVb2f4ToltesT7=w435-h640" width="435" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The materials were brought in and added constantly to the nest under construction.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_kL8BXjHshqDvnyKRfyesrM43Vj4YvdT9eYGKP20-mprqHtvRG6SKPArmpRncICtLintpDkIYBSF4U3v17qvDR0rkYplB-DldBu_jVufNz6v5VsSwbIZT6hvryaHC9p0Ntdq_fWO4CcMt6ZTdh4NkJMPLKndXt9MCZ5AvvdCzhLdB073fMwD2g2UE" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3504" data-original-width="2332" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_kL8BXjHshqDvnyKRfyesrM43Vj4YvdT9eYGKP20-mprqHtvRG6SKPArmpRncICtLintpDkIYBSF4U3v17qvDR0rkYplB-DldBu_jVufNz6v5VsSwbIZT6hvryaHC9p0Ntdq_fWO4CcMt6ZTdh4NkJMPLKndXt9MCZ5AvvdCzhLdB073fMwD2g2UE=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The early phase of the nest building</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia1tekf0x1k2V32PDRC65OK8cqfAucWUUX1ZyEns4D8td_6unHwmLNgQ-pmNlefgMnwOvTiU6SmEPczmxFR0hB3Q9AuWfwimPVX4Ix9psbneeE8xw0DOPgXiqSvFYMdun8-83bRzcGQ7LUpG3W_0bpYIeZQFbNHeCGeglyOCx_WPaHstjofATzTkti" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3504" data-original-width="2332" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia1tekf0x1k2V32PDRC65OK8cqfAucWUUX1ZyEns4D8td_6unHwmLNgQ-pmNlefgMnwOvTiU6SmEPczmxFR0hB3Q9AuWfwimPVX4Ix9psbneeE8xw0DOPgXiqSvFYMdun8-83bRzcGQ7LUpG3W_0bpYIeZQFbNHeCGeglyOCx_WPaHstjofATzTkti=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">More building material arrives</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>The spider's web was brought in, teased out and applied in a spiral motions around the nest's exterior. This seemed to be an earlier stage of the nest construction.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhhT4r2NELr78Sw7HLTVtWEc0jWjNMPJ0PyHfP0lpaAXt9H8kpudIxugydv69oviWjk3wD6F0Qh63fnpPmh_rfXlVVcdauds7v___5bV3QqIkgQ5NG7rId8Usy-rfdB4xLhOGPY0cJX9c4xMa5PVuxFsXFDYFEOp8me5kKyeBmFfdH8YAfcxynrAFSf" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3504" data-original-width="2332" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhhT4r2NELr78Sw7HLTVtWEc0jWjNMPJ0PyHfP0lpaAXt9H8kpudIxugydv69oviWjk3wD6F0Qh63fnpPmh_rfXlVVcdauds7v___5bV3QqIkgQ5NG7rId8Usy-rfdB4xLhOGPY0cJX9c4xMa5PVuxFsXFDYFEOp8me5kKyeBmFfdH8YAfcxynrAFSf=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The spider silk arrives</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEim-7Qw3twiNQ0zqw6aQlFiHBThY3M-F1fPJb5U5mvGsfcgQhASRwZOn0IFbAA4q9myifuJnWgZE9yXo1nEUl3bwU-AKA4w0Tvt5WtSm-W2ddAP2Y65vLsJBUtih7-xXNK6KL1OY7_IMj80RaVf8pWuw7R55Vf0DMHwPOX3BmBGHyVRjQxVGgxzGhxv" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3504" data-original-width="2332" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEim-7Qw3twiNQ0zqw6aQlFiHBThY3M-F1fPJb5U5mvGsfcgQhASRwZOn0IFbAA4q9myifuJnWgZE9yXo1nEUl3bwU-AKA4w0Tvt5WtSm-W2ddAP2Y65vLsJBUtih7-xXNK6KL1OY7_IMj80RaVf8pWuw7R55Vf0DMHwPOX3BmBGHyVRjQxVGgxzGhxv=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">It is teased out to single threads</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh7sPlfa1sjbpNbu7p_a-LYSzKowLtF4Bz9gw7707wYDQdNwcra-idWODazCyIVxR6FTbevwwRbdGi-akYJ5YtuQGHUbeC_JbjMb7mH0KfTQwOae4Cd77ykEQ_LkaQkwWeduLOWdt0euXjFAjiZ1dcYiDh6ltxPHLGNq3DN6P5CsoTbEP5mjVL5z23V" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3504" data-original-width="2332" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh7sPlfa1sjbpNbu7p_a-LYSzKowLtF4Bz9gw7707wYDQdNwcra-idWODazCyIVxR6FTbevwwRbdGi-akYJ5YtuQGHUbeC_JbjMb7mH0KfTQwOae4Cd77ykEQ_LkaQkwWeduLOWdt0euXjFAjiZ1dcYiDh6ltxPHLGNq3DN6P5CsoTbEP5mjVL5z23V=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The silk is applied around the nest</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhELxUuZciND9gHeLdZ9o19-oNE2H_PkIVehbg0bkcPFiiGKjZnbBFqAE-7KlByPabkzfi8C_15woXR7jnONB20hiMo1ZB0B-fJ2J08BbqDfpD-83wHCqJ_apgQhwC-Ty9cGqht5OZi4Y0fSMaRWMaCotUrZlrex5Se1vxESqfcu1ygZOSjKx9XXn70" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="1042" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhELxUuZciND9gHeLdZ9o19-oNE2H_PkIVehbg0bkcPFiiGKjZnbBFqAE-7KlByPabkzfi8C_15woXR7jnONB20hiMo1ZB0B-fJ2J08BbqDfpD-83wHCqJ_apgQhwC-Ty9cGqht5OZi4Y0fSMaRWMaCotUrZlrex5Se1vxESqfcu1ygZOSjKx9XXn70=w501-h640" width="501" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another Silver-breasted Broadbill nest, with spider silk apparent, and three chicks within</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">At Fraser's Hill I also photographed a Long-tailed Broadbill pair nesting. The three chicks in the nest were about to fledge. Spider silk was apparent interwoven in the plant material of the nest.</div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZ0Oj-rnlMoLZxT3Y2M5EoSdyHGAJ9jWQcXRJE-sqknIyLbRPmmLuhowgcs3t2fiH79V8wUilH4l-xxNn6n30PDMtALH5i7HtbPcDnqUttuvHNVUwkVoEVmap93K1eo8TYtnRsVswiiHEVtqrK-OQwUH8ZZxNNJB8l4-9pEvO6GaD0UwstvWYjFeis" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2203" data-original-width="3305" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZ0Oj-rnlMoLZxT3Y2M5EoSdyHGAJ9jWQcXRJE-sqknIyLbRPmmLuhowgcs3t2fiH79V8wUilH4l-xxNn6n30PDMtALH5i7HtbPcDnqUttuvHNVUwkVoEVmap93K1eo8TYtnRsVswiiHEVtqrK-OQwUH8ZZxNNJB8l4-9pEvO6GaD0UwstvWYjFeis=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Long-tailed Broadbill</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgUj-Qz8A9yrdFW6Eu4ircPKO7zZNOD9sQaV_bTz24yL352DlfM3FaawTBTBtZJgv5Vhh0vbGMxBsCYhspmRDu1xmGvFIHAHB24bLkTCtMJFpbvpXoR-xB4853m46v_yWjBHRO03NyngUSu_RHIClkndDsA2Zi0SKIS_mYXDczhIGAwCgSTKQYMZr-b" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2805" data-original-width="1979" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgUj-Qz8A9yrdFW6Eu4ircPKO7zZNOD9sQaV_bTz24yL352DlfM3FaawTBTBtZJgv5Vhh0vbGMxBsCYhspmRDu1xmGvFIHAHB24bLkTCtMJFpbvpXoR-xB4853m46v_yWjBHRO03NyngUSu_RHIClkndDsA2Zi0SKIS_mYXDczhIGAwCgSTKQYMZr-b=w451-h640" width="451" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A successful nest where all three chicks fledged</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjs11_AjztfQLZH3WMzJIcnXV6Zkq4hYL4xpSjUBdJD4xx_G-Z3MnDDSNTDFthe9iJMkTc5Cv-NqamnQI6-jfUv4vWfQzDB6OHppYhrwtX4lN2BE51v28YXVLJqwozJ_LLVuVBL1giRY7uuf3ogqDzG5T1Old46myydizeWq95XkLe3N6VVKJMAdYNO" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3033" data-original-width="2022" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjs11_AjztfQLZH3WMzJIcnXV6Zkq4hYL4xpSjUBdJD4xx_G-Z3MnDDSNTDFthe9iJMkTc5Cv-NqamnQI6-jfUv4vWfQzDB6OHppYhrwtX4lN2BE51v28YXVLJqwozJ_LLVuVBL1giRY7uuf3ogqDzG5T1Old46myydizeWq95XkLe3N6VVKJMAdYNO=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adult Long-tailed Broadbill leaving the nest</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHmIbVxV5eQ3i2WGuRSN9QeCM0jhLVTTO45dChhYSiszzARD6swhxNkjw23m39D3KZf7oAxcydSAJkVh7c_3v6SykUWnsW6T-U77auPk3opFzFL2FpsGx-xIv239ytTeJng546QhHZt74vZYl8CPP8U3-oiUWukZ96diioa89gh7DUrTgQvGjDJe80" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHmIbVxV5eQ3i2WGuRSN9QeCM0jhLVTTO45dChhYSiszzARD6swhxNkjw23m39D3KZf7oAxcydSAJkVh7c_3v6SykUWnsW6T-U77auPk3opFzFL2FpsGx-xIv239ytTeJng546QhHZt74vZYl8CPP8U3-oiUWukZ96diioa89gh7DUrTgQvGjDJe80=w480-h640" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Green Broadbill feeding the chicks....also evidence for presence of spider silk</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Closer to home in Penang I was at Air Hitam Dalam when I saw a yellow bird behaving strangely at the edge of the disjointed forest. Identified as a Common Iora it appeared to be snapping at air. It was building a nest nearby and I observed it seemed to contain quite a few spider silk. I realized that the adult bird was gathering these silk threads, which are just apparent in the photo below.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhMDIxjIyPtHfiPqwUAIjYjgxezb2lTnVOt16kYvnjroYqbRYgPJgNskNMgI2WBEjGhDtkLDM9fWSsB8dqYGvv0kQDsZGmujG85-o90-d63u5spmcwsRdKanR2PNoTsAFXm6ySvkiHw0zYT8hB7hoRWOFfHi2b-GGnOrU80y9g2WfOddjFGTiSKd6OA" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1620" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhMDIxjIyPtHfiPqwUAIjYjgxezb2lTnVOt16kYvnjroYqbRYgPJgNskNMgI2WBEjGhDtkLDM9fWSsB8dqYGvv0kQDsZGmujG85-o90-d63u5spmcwsRdKanR2PNoTsAFXm6ySvkiHw0zYT8hB7hoRWOFfHi2b-GGnOrU80y9g2WfOddjFGTiSKd6OA=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Common Iora</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifhoFBMbcE5zWhqOOH13LMsd2q7kwQownQrdvKBzUDk99RBRu9H81QP0aw8yiBk57hDTsY2WAi84BA8jISo5nhsyxNRuevfME3fJkDDKG2cLSNbw9SNv5kbubd_kG95k9YpZpuVrIWeuMOAxJ8Oi3rkseL_OZtZUZTIZY-yFL_7wKf2OXHSwltQklV" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1137" data-original-width="759" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifhoFBMbcE5zWhqOOH13LMsd2q7kwQownQrdvKBzUDk99RBRu9H81QP0aw8yiBk57hDTsY2WAi84BA8jISo5nhsyxNRuevfME3fJkDDKG2cLSNbw9SNv5kbubd_kG95k9YpZpuVrIWeuMOAxJ8Oi3rkseL_OZtZUZTIZY-yFL_7wKf2OXHSwltQklV=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Common Iora gathering nesting material</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg_VrglUc9iGNdzzNMAi3EUp_LSWSot4zQXuhhQm3IkeQ9OuaP4J3-NvmWgamb49shi9MCPpMS8mcQjNfaWa8AbfZ1d7r7YyGpBHKZyAJKNQ3bb2UJ5mQBdqrFuY9qBcBtH64q-QaaDnar_6yPJ1pceYjkcmNOLLyYhH-v1imbrN3y-fS4zb7v2dMNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="1400" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg_VrglUc9iGNdzzNMAi3EUp_LSWSot4zQXuhhQm3IkeQ9OuaP4J3-NvmWgamb49shi9MCPpMS8mcQjNfaWa8AbfZ1d7r7YyGpBHKZyAJKNQ3bb2UJ5mQBdqrFuY9qBcBtH64q-QaaDnar_6yPJ1pceYjkcmNOLLyYhH-v1imbrN3y-fS4zb7v2dMNG=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gathering Spider silk</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgODc3WbQ-X8mCyFRQMGeTonAEPbcCp5vHLB8DxGbNK-BBP6-WwJjqvRBO0WyOaIanrMuCudKhlNbOSmUeTv8vnuXVXEt_f0b-5B7tPHBVRzZv6r6s9EmiTNL-W3KFTwrk9P53bcHahIFztnWUMTN9FkzuAFJL_9e84HVY02j6nRiCIr3EnFzN67lYX" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgODc3WbQ-X8mCyFRQMGeTonAEPbcCp5vHLB8DxGbNK-BBP6-WwJjqvRBO0WyOaIanrMuCudKhlNbOSmUeTv8vnuXVXEt_f0b-5B7tPHBVRzZv6r6s9EmiTNL-W3KFTwrk9P53bcHahIFztnWUMTN9FkzuAFJL_9e84HVY02j6nRiCIr3EnFzN67lYX=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is a lot of spider silk apparent on this nest.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwbGbn9Lgq8zn0NCb6SVojqjaI0lfKcoU0z9Viphz9QlCa53ffbnFhItP5o2LrGfYzwc43rl-OPTCmMwKMbCeL4lIDL2lOYczyikHoui5G6dkS-PNBQUYimb8LOvR1dGnMOt7UH8zOGO-gs-3WJjZAWMot1YSAvh4pTg84NoO-okB9_A1y7STtvZNk" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="922" data-original-width="1024" height="575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwbGbn9Lgq8zn0NCb6SVojqjaI0lfKcoU0z9Viphz9QlCa53ffbnFhItP5o2LrGfYzwc43rl-OPTCmMwKMbCeL4lIDL2lOYczyikHoui5G6dkS-PNBQUYimb8LOvR1dGnMOt7UH8zOGO-gs-3WJjZAWMot1YSAvh4pTg84NoO-okB9_A1y7STtvZNk=w640-h575" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Common Iora with a chick in the nest</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The use of Spider's silk to strengthen nests by various bird species is not confined to Malaysian species. Various relatively small species in the Americas have been recorded to re-purpose this fantastic strengthening material. Picture below are examples of some of these species. The spider's silk is apparent on each of these nests.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjx9UsIhAXj-g0pfwwjIpUHLZjQO8LEivkGvI_AmiNOrWALSFHW0fwY2UfDR5qD1ODc7EVHmU3HS_HfJl10MMU3yZ4t_Xv4TBIYE4n6_B_Z0IMzqm-qthCDOPnZheGOa5PpY46ad7EqK1uEYCly88OxLw1lZkbwPl5wkO_lvjeWbVZOD3JBUxIP4f5e" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1574" data-original-width="1597" height="630" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjx9UsIhAXj-g0pfwwjIpUHLZjQO8LEivkGvI_AmiNOrWALSFHW0fwY2UfDR5qD1ODc7EVHmU3HS_HfJl10MMU3yZ4t_Xv4TBIYE4n6_B_Z0IMzqm-qthCDOPnZheGOa5PpY46ad7EqK1uEYCly88OxLw1lZkbwPl5wkO_lvjeWbVZOD3JBUxIP4f5e=w640-h630" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Anna's hummingbird chicks</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6q2FS4oqBp49VtLsXxOYA8n42iEfkTZOjkBsqalFI_cNCXYCSIf7211c8JopNFPY3zFCB_YHGTfQIQiIUn2UoQt6f4YX9r45mJEDG6GBcZ-Kj643VVeJiXwBLVayWjBF04tS3sLdIJJayyQ-DC3Zxd0l3G_avRKruTLcaeQa3aDdhQ9ZKlNgtTs-7" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="900" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6q2FS4oqBp49VtLsXxOYA8n42iEfkTZOjkBsqalFI_cNCXYCSIf7211c8JopNFPY3zFCB_YHGTfQIQiIUn2UoQt6f4YX9r45mJEDG6GBcZ-Kj643VVeJiXwBLVayWjBF04tS3sLdIJJayyQ-DC3Zxd0l3G_avRKruTLcaeQa3aDdhQ9ZKlNgtTs-7=w640-h448" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Warbling Vireo chicks</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjshaMtbjlHrIyCT8x4drHQJa8mWbNBGYl2epLIzMjYvLUU_MPgUUjo3hIJ-GXAT2MfBXU-s-ODcxul2on3PMiiP4CTV9DZdePSmSBodLw2d6yUSzIQJ-qjRz-P10_gd7iA7PrRll271edo4KjOr7DA212OFYp-4Y892CGKngrjhjmdDTmPxn9g-842" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1800" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjshaMtbjlHrIyCT8x4drHQJa8mWbNBGYl2epLIzMjYvLUU_MPgUUjo3hIJ-GXAT2MfBXU-s-ODcxul2on3PMiiP4CTV9DZdePSmSBodLw2d6yUSzIQJ-qjRz-P10_gd7iA7PrRll271edo4KjOr7DA212OFYp-4Y892CGKngrjhjmdDTmPxn9g-842=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Warbling Vireo female on her nest</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKREpYJEfXZo0K30DMaueNcHfcaIiO15o5-L5TL4DzdRh_0aSR2ZsU5HCvOqrJnwWGeZKP21VsNfYDGJFxYi2Y7P7Xqrm_yxY5UrwPaOpeUXOyvLadNOirCIuwu164uxjGpjPUjMwYN17YQapFcwEp9qYkuZA6dq1Spz2tiYEyRVKUn6D-QTCsegRQ" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="900" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKREpYJEfXZo0K30DMaueNcHfcaIiO15o5-L5TL4DzdRh_0aSR2ZsU5HCvOqrJnwWGeZKP21VsNfYDGJFxYi2Y7P7Xqrm_yxY5UrwPaOpeUXOyvLadNOirCIuwu164uxjGpjPUjMwYN17YQapFcwEp9qYkuZA6dq1Spz2tiYEyRVKUn6D-QTCsegRQ=w640-h424" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blue-gray Gnatcatcher nest</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhyZvgXg9imJVgzKbP4DhzzlfpNevUl4RII4tUwI4avHRVQJtBTWYR8znFcs-7N5a3nKaSWTYoWr4IuHGsBAlMzbS4ShGutUZgoJDWRc48X7TH7qZG5Utqq6T2GlhwdzPS62k6GHVBZMf9KZrXpBH5uZds6v8sKwD5FtLj5PTJBppsTOQtlmrm4cDrC" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="871" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhyZvgXg9imJVgzKbP4DhzzlfpNevUl4RII4tUwI4avHRVQJtBTWYR8znFcs-7N5a3nKaSWTYoWr4IuHGsBAlMzbS4ShGutUZgoJDWRc48X7TH7qZG5Utqq6T2GlhwdzPS62k6GHVBZMf9KZrXpBH5uZds6v8sKwD5FtLj5PTJBppsTOQtlmrm4cDrC=w619-h640" width="619" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blue-gray Gnatcatcher and chicks</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijg6miUYnZ-9xojCm7FXd_BuBQwy4iwUrtTc2Sjz6n3V86WKSmKggph0pVUAoSOkGVUG2lMT3TycUTOmDKJhTPAbNNwDPFgMJc37cEkGUlqwx4Ll7655Q13baWhEd1LzdXq3zHFwmxeV818HHi_4Gsb9XM1Y1GVdEteo-xgCN24X12wN70ws2kQeQV" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="533" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijg6miUYnZ-9xojCm7FXd_BuBQwy4iwUrtTc2Sjz6n3V86WKSmKggph0pVUAoSOkGVUG2lMT3TycUTOmDKJhTPAbNNwDPFgMJc37cEkGUlqwx4Ll7655Q13baWhEd1LzdXq3zHFwmxeV818HHi_4Gsb9XM1Y1GVdEteo-xgCN24X12wN70ws2kQeQV=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ruby-crowned Kinglet in her nest</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">As a scientist I am the first to say that we need to have more evidence before collected observations become universally accepted. Others have investigated Broadbill nesting proclivities with many months of work and observations on hundreds of nests. Such a study was done in Vietnam by E.N. Zubkova who studied the nest constructions of Dusky Broadbills and Black and Red Broadbills. It is mentioned in the resulting publication that spider silk is applied at various stages of nest construction. It must be also considered that the other material used and the skill of the birds is also essential for a successful nesting. Also, a well constructed nest does not guarantee a successful nesting.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div>It is possible that the hummingbirds and others using the rice-bowl construction for their nest that the spider silk plays a more central role. It can also play a role as a decoration.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b>Nesting Material and Nest Building Technique in Two Species of Broadbill (Cymbirhynchus macorhynchos) and Corydon sumatranus, Passififormes, Eurylaimidae) from South Vietnam. E.N. Zubkova Biology Bulletin Vol 44, No 7, pp769-786.</b></i><br /><br /></span></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-55315024576301004082022-09-08T05:11:00.002-07:002022-09-11T22:30:06.882-07:00Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters turning religious (part two)<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">On a bushy hillside on Penang island is a large religious complex called Kek Lok Si Buddhist temple. It is a major tourist attraction and a target for worshippers of that faith. During Chinese New Year celebrations a colourful bird species adds to the decorations. Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters have adopted the complex during their breeding season. Early in the breeding season pairs of bee-eaters can be observed catching insects and investigating potential nesting holes. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjfwX8va1fii0pi2tuAsUCqfIuMmXduPVpXNqTRd12q7d_alp-2C0cJNQyP_CDOWYti_C37iNT69KAHIe8SEKPyce18zsr6WKbVopFqtsYuN4sEepyrhcpaNs45gxAhT7K1sYKMJrsMRyvMgPtrINBPjv8fzTRjq4eoR8yYRp_NJVFG3zOlGQJND_dR" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="896" data-original-width="1598" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjfwX8va1fii0pi2tuAsUCqfIuMmXduPVpXNqTRd12q7d_alp-2C0cJNQyP_CDOWYti_C37iNT69KAHIe8SEKPyce18zsr6WKbVopFqtsYuN4sEepyrhcpaNs45gxAhT7K1sYKMJrsMRyvMgPtrINBPjv8fzTRjq4eoR8yYRp_NJVFG3zOlGQJND_dR=w640-h358" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Kek Lok Si temple complex</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsSo9gaZqTGHYiVqJSCbBvxugGKOnzL8vaWF4gAYpdb9ibNKKyQ4eP1jysmQkSKuyfL-Cj-hbxF32YIYPC0Msr3LEUcL1LBAwB5sUIvAev2Ltrc8RUlKOa5RPL7jLv4aVYFPQ_bWrZlKbi5es4x9iSrcxzafGQEMKt5142Rss4zBAHgQBYfZpD45Yf" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3755" data-original-width="4941" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsSo9gaZqTGHYiVqJSCbBvxugGKOnzL8vaWF4gAYpdb9ibNKKyQ4eP1jysmQkSKuyfL-Cj-hbxF32YIYPC0Msr3LEUcL1LBAwB5sUIvAev2Ltrc8RUlKOa5RPL7jLv4aVYFPQ_bWrZlKbi5es4x9iSrcxzafGQEMKt5142Rss4zBAHgQBYfZpD45Yf=w640-h486" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgV6yjpnsXSEs7WD7r5qCl_CeJouOE2M29YirBMA3qrNxRtg9wj_D0TudE1b8Ono3KgRhNTO2eW9yKFHZebVG25nG9r0odMb229qk2iGF9CdLCXQWcgATuQ9QXn366fd-1eWeMA8a5_Eaowv5KHRE-BvgZN-0_l80-vEn9ihVrzqO59OsG3f_Cyz9jw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgV6yjpnsXSEs7WD7r5qCl_CeJouOE2M29YirBMA3qrNxRtg9wj_D0TudE1b8Ono3KgRhNTO2eW9yKFHZebVG25nG9r0odMb229qk2iGF9CdLCXQWcgATuQ9QXn366fd-1eWeMA8a5_Eaowv5KHRE-BvgZN-0_l80-vEn9ihVrzqO59OsG3f_Cyz9jw=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A tourist attraction after lights are switched on</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEho4G8s3wYqKBdJ3mqXv8utPT173A4lXdEZZhpsyAXich1DVdC5e5RjmtT0JGLvoq_q8pq6_ZtRos9DIZakWxbNzn-8GEV-79LWc-iJzIvAfTjj_vbV1Z4Ky0YMlYnHF1MLKBShcjxeUz0ccj7y3325lQozGh8feB_Avfp0WwsZFCm92AZnNOOR_Lgr" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3177" data-original-width="4766" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEho4G8s3wYqKBdJ3mqXv8utPT173A4lXdEZZhpsyAXich1DVdC5e5RjmtT0JGLvoq_q8pq6_ZtRos9DIZakWxbNzn-8GEV-79LWc-iJzIvAfTjj_vbV1Z4Ky0YMlYnHF1MLKBShcjxeUz0ccj7y3325lQozGh8feB_Avfp0WwsZFCm92AZnNOOR_Lgr=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div>Chinese Lanterns and Bee-eaters<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3OO80Jat6v9TmPeDX17dNXVA2S2cUZgxlgwA2AESfJQbRWEvmu0vxSMp-z2hGHvhlzTCYz7qqgrWKQiWnJeb6FmTfAOX4C3TO4RI0qzEZxZAUZ8pkinbvpUy4O_ALtKwlq9bLTJ557DYS2BxXJV3PGZLKzJYhY6egK_hb8-r2wPGe7V-t-IiFzgC5" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3OO80Jat6v9TmPeDX17dNXVA2S2cUZgxlgwA2AESfJQbRWEvmu0vxSMp-z2hGHvhlzTCYz7qqgrWKQiWnJeb6FmTfAOX4C3TO4RI0qzEZxZAUZ8pkinbvpUy4O_ALtKwlq9bLTJ557DYS2BxXJV3PGZLKzJYhY6egK_hb8-r2wPGe7V-t-IiFzgC5=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg65vO66NNWPeOIwEQN6-ANZTchS0xKKWWj7zYreO9bZ1Bgl2iQPZEkVOqU6lrfxL1ETRTlc7PK6XTFWZV0lvBIlfLAyRd6UHdqIJIReU5pUKMTiRggHg0-GYKPupkOj7Fz-alZ71Awsm2JBOi3NIq2oPSVLvOE10Qa7eYHBpMkEVwZAtBTc277NFgO" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2927" data-original-width="4247" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg65vO66NNWPeOIwEQN6-ANZTchS0xKKWWj7zYreO9bZ1Bgl2iQPZEkVOqU6lrfxL1ETRTlc7PK6XTFWZV0lvBIlfLAyRd6UHdqIJIReU5pUKMTiRggHg0-GYKPupkOj7Fz-alZ71Awsm2JBOi3NIq2oPSVLvOE10Qa7eYHBpMkEVwZAtBTc277NFgO=w640-h442" width="640" /></a></div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCU_qgiPJSoX6DrhbPds4PF5n18luDKEWRu0wV-a3TuxSTym5du7nLvSwvZewUhMADkNDs8ysrCkNZBbp3BMe8m7RejVIp7aTcuFa8bmQ00xP9tK03C-wSnNdpEMsNJbL21-wM6oQR568fYtZk3fxS7eI3Q9s2c6CTCedh-8j9oqmgsM6X-B63uT_a" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1965" data-original-width="2948" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCU_qgiPJSoX6DrhbPds4PF5n18luDKEWRu0wV-a3TuxSTym5du7nLvSwvZewUhMADkNDs8ysrCkNZBbp3BMe8m7RejVIp7aTcuFa8bmQ00xP9tK03C-wSnNdpEMsNJbL21-wM6oQR568fYtZk3fxS7eI3Q9s2c6CTCedh-8j9oqmgsM6X-B63uT_a=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><span style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;">There are many silent witnesses to this activity.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLOCnqwd-imY-XRIN2UbO3Rnt89XdSCPBLP-lF7G_yAtoaJwdxq-FKDGhiazDKotztNbSoFBx0pamv859YH0ZXPP3AtmwOLHbtiw1g6xYyR7R8MbKH3c_kHsNzkDjCsP6OokdvgdBIWyxyvPGWqasXdqJrUxIL9G9I0P0ODt21Vx5TF5rkgQFhwwRC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3360" data-original-width="3476" height="619" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLOCnqwd-imY-XRIN2UbO3Rnt89XdSCPBLP-lF7G_yAtoaJwdxq-FKDGhiazDKotztNbSoFBx0pamv859YH0ZXPP3AtmwOLHbtiw1g6xYyR7R8MbKH3c_kHsNzkDjCsP6OokdvgdBIWyxyvPGWqasXdqJrUxIL9G9I0P0ODt21Vx5TF5rkgQFhwwRC=w640-h619" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiG9Tyigmk2L7bNsBnSlP_sObyW5zL2S9SsGrWqtkFMjnKnb9nNkzF7O2cFcKQdzP09NPh5WOMXJ8EfMe7b-feShBTvzwdFyVcVCsYjZgaj235eBYoLBkg2xKloj941eABoSVGCoqdDQZrXGziejq6hMsdFQ2tBzmmU99HhdhE4jBVaQ2R9B1t-IUOM" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3360" data-original-width="3290" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiG9Tyigmk2L7bNsBnSlP_sObyW5zL2S9SsGrWqtkFMjnKnb9nNkzF7O2cFcKQdzP09NPh5WOMXJ8EfMe7b-feShBTvzwdFyVcVCsYjZgaj235eBYoLBkg2xKloj941eABoSVGCoqdDQZrXGziejq6hMsdFQ2tBzmmU99HhdhE4jBVaQ2R9B1t-IUOM=w627-h640" width="627" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_vkhvtv_sH5EY6oR8iRkZ1Sl43DMMZZBSfyoTI05wVnXwGAFkqzqOYa7m_40lLA7Ay5Hh1LgDVtZGn42_3nRyMJalRCpxhiSF7cG8UuIMEy6DEaGL-B-eyIlqjrGM-CFVrIWsqsT1u8hU_OSKqqV5iX5zXjV3x8D0FmbAwv5ufpSEtJZEJOBSo6km" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1979" data-original-width="2969" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_vkhvtv_sH5EY6oR8iRkZ1Sl43DMMZZBSfyoTI05wVnXwGAFkqzqOYa7m_40lLA7Ay5Hh1LgDVtZGn42_3nRyMJalRCpxhiSF7cG8UuIMEy6DEaGL-B-eyIlqjrGM-CFVrIWsqsT1u8hU_OSKqqV5iX5zXjV3x8D0FmbAwv5ufpSEtJZEJOBSo6km=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Being on a hillside extensive retaining walls are required. These consist of a concrete exterior holding back the soil of the hill. Drainage or weep holes are necessary to drain the soil and these are lined up in a regular pattern. Most of the drainage holes which are dry, are lined with a PVC pipe, which is about a metre in length ending in the dirt interior. The dimensions are such that if a nursery chamber is added, the inside the dimensions to the previously described bee-eater nests at Penanti are very similar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_gIeEqGs8H57L1a7tq8UL54cKWftkyWPXMZ3gqtc58cyzWnGdqpkh3XqQH1mzx2yVJiWaQ0vDNkpDNxm3VfGUF7I8hBp6ZjiQ8Li9OfLEJbyBjAH33pIVtCr-6m0xhrrGrGsGFhC7Wp3VWMX17BQyC8FZ7VjJKnOyVL_QXSfu8uXhRLb0CdpB2tRE" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_gIeEqGs8H57L1a7tq8UL54cKWftkyWPXMZ3gqtc58cyzWnGdqpkh3XqQH1mzx2yVJiWaQ0vDNkpDNxm3VfGUF7I8hBp6ZjiQ8Li9OfLEJbyBjAH33pIVtCr-6m0xhrrGrGsGFhC7Wp3VWMX17BQyC8FZ7VjJKnOyVL_QXSfu8uXhRLb0CdpB2tRE=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Large retaining walls border a road through the centre of the complex</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcl51wvnAQZqbHNZENTuTSyHBPmU7cYYz3TAJHbStfvS8Mj_a2nHTKUwSk4ytVY3gjztnmWph7LL_uJ1RtkWBShDY3rjUOwq1km0yPTrCV7ROqK9MGkVu7QEKHW5-_r0uHbZH0OP8H8k2KZMmS54nlAM2rtyk5OurjhHGRlDiJ-8483xG0d-C7FFVr" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1404" data-original-width="1985" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcl51wvnAQZqbHNZENTuTSyHBPmU7cYYz3TAJHbStfvS8Mj_a2nHTKUwSk4ytVY3gjztnmWph7LL_uJ1RtkWBShDY3rjUOwq1km0yPTrCV7ROqK9MGkVu7QEKHW5-_r0uHbZH0OP8H8k2KZMmS54nlAM2rtyk5OurjhHGRlDiJ-8483xG0d-C7FFVr=w640-h452" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A schematic diagram of the temple nests</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8qBgjVl-lKkoByNUTkw8dURlPh-Ve0DsOl_jmPcs2-K8qr174tPyEcbdhq_FlQ1Ir5lKGaQkF52hIJshORNZ2X0YhMyRZnUjaUYGovuZVGO-rYVql0RLpxN8R8f8Ljl9AhX1img2Qa354qqt-HElL0uBz38azjMT8UfrpiH3hiigVdsjGf4fz2GQT" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1370" data-original-width="1992" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8qBgjVl-lKkoByNUTkw8dURlPh-Ve0DsOl_jmPcs2-K8qr174tPyEcbdhq_FlQ1Ir5lKGaQkF52hIJshORNZ2X0YhMyRZnUjaUYGovuZVGO-rYVql0RLpxN8R8f8Ljl9AhX1img2Qa354qqt-HElL0uBz38azjMT8UfrpiH3hiigVdsjGf4fz2GQT=w640-h440" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">......compared with the nests at Penanti.</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">This observation has not escaped the attention of this smart bird species. There is plenty of evidence that nursery chambers are being excavated. The only problem seems to be competition with Crested Mynahs, who also nest in man-made cavities.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8blbgyz-fU6db-3YhzEhhLd8qOppNpMbvHZUoLcwXDXuuIRUcqgp_wurX8qyOTsu-HOWhAi9powMSbeu36GSlvekl0ZGfB7KcUKmExSRJ9DaUc2fBJrnL6igNxvXDTqpjWHn1P31PJZFWk2hd5FFRRZIsVMLheigP-qcB2TxU5hpNJcSAXwPAWMCE" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3244" data-original-width="2163" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8blbgyz-fU6db-3YhzEhhLd8qOppNpMbvHZUoLcwXDXuuIRUcqgp_wurX8qyOTsu-HOWhAi9powMSbeu36GSlvekl0ZGfB7KcUKmExSRJ9DaUc2fBJrnL6igNxvXDTqpjWHn1P31PJZFWk2hd5FFRRZIsVMLheigP-qcB2TxU5hpNJcSAXwPAWMCE=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Competition from a crested Mynah</td></tr></tbody></table><br />There are many weep holes used by Chestnut-headed bee-eaters.....possibly around 100 at the peak of the season.</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="5184" data-original-width="3456" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4ZOEvI6xxDQUfBEq-qO1a7-7FmHSIa-5-nqrCznDq6fY5qcsaApkP3rBm2mpO-fEHZkYoCaYJfTCT-cwACP8H8J0C1zWNyLMfklX6-cJFz3YkaZNjo4OyVE33XTLDQdq-BbDmiG_zswueXhoz_FZHh1TKwrUr2ZWhOoi-IHOezs8WuKeEuquCp8X7=w427-h640" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="427" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Checking out the housing options</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5hXw2pFvdLdI_TT0JipHXHTmhNsSFFEGCRO3pO5nmXH-uxGzGkjxAJSUM7e4rcBa93bSfDcOwp5RW7c_9SvxhJ0NlK9HvejhRUE1VCov7sagJMvUVcNnXaiFujcYiu2_Z814VAOxhJ4y5etdThOEiTO5imnJ32h0TLrnoYsonozU55qY5sqb8XFfg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5hXw2pFvdLdI_TT0JipHXHTmhNsSFFEGCRO3pO5nmXH-uxGzGkjxAJSUM7e4rcBa93bSfDcOwp5RW7c_9SvxhJ0NlK9HvejhRUE1VCov7sagJMvUVcNnXaiFujcYiu2_Z814VAOxhJ4y5etdThOEiTO5imnJ32h0TLrnoYsonozU55qY5sqb8XFfg=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRhplheDMXQOsk1GFQiWI0lhRkavl6VduP_8wBexQJsM3xlPYJLBPfVo0IdfT-3rkk7O0cleuorQnxxB7PcsjWODMg9dfqqMaB7cbNA_GPc2AMq3fQMMAUOpCqDoCv9DtKoDa5MKg4fE6_gsLGB3pUMQOJnCvvuZpFwVwCJC5BQgIBdMO3DNViBd4h" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2748" data-original-width="1832" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRhplheDMXQOsk1GFQiWI0lhRkavl6VduP_8wBexQJsM3xlPYJLBPfVo0IdfT-3rkk7O0cleuorQnxxB7PcsjWODMg9dfqqMaB7cbNA_GPc2AMq3fQMMAUOpCqDoCv9DtKoDa5MKg4fE6_gsLGB3pUMQOJnCvvuZpFwVwCJC5BQgIBdMO3DNViBd4h=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The nursery chamber is being evacuated</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlqRLqNqOJ40yb5_DHN3wbv273sj0P25sYOOnjjrqN_5Vqx1RoU04tRJCu9al-O-Ye4AtiS3kOuB3IQLOzU319WF0yIeB5pQs2l-BUn-lO0XNclFTdmrgZzeit_E4WBgAis-KAcvhxcR7vNd-4y0h1f7rFtwUY0r6udGBiBBy7bw5w5uKznng7eaMJ" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2690" data-original-width="1793" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlqRLqNqOJ40yb5_DHN3wbv273sj0P25sYOOnjjrqN_5Vqx1RoU04tRJCu9al-O-Ye4AtiS3kOuB3IQLOzU319WF0yIeB5pQs2l-BUn-lO0XNclFTdmrgZzeit_E4WBgAis-KAcvhxcR7vNd-4y0h1f7rFtwUY0r6udGBiBBy7bw5w5uKznng7eaMJ=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The dirt is kicked out the front door</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The whole scene is reminiscent of other species of bee-eaters nesting in colonies in clay cliffs in holes that have been excavated years before. There are several species of Carmine Bee-eaters that do this in Africa. In this temple colony most of the energy needed for excavation can be put towards hunting in the mixed forest and hillside farm in the vicinity. Insects are plentiful there.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjy0wYZh75Fbwc10QBb0PvIkL_sTMgXWIXv6t3_1AK_i1Dqf1QYZHDZwxJSshHEJxp4qF75e_twtRFrlOi2zM9H0ZzpbCGFx1ygRG0CwCtmZpgwnEzDXh6jKx5zy_QRvbk6XLRGBwJE3vgKYULa_yer3Urq_10qh0DiZZwZ7L0A0bftkX3LOlYb793_" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="733" data-original-width="1100" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjy0wYZh75Fbwc10QBb0PvIkL_sTMgXWIXv6t3_1AK_i1Dqf1QYZHDZwxJSshHEJxp4qF75e_twtRFrlOi2zM9H0ZzpbCGFx1ygRG0CwCtmZpgwnEzDXh6jKx5zy_QRvbk6XLRGBwJE3vgKYULa_yer3Urq_10qh0DiZZwZ7L0A0bftkX3LOlYb793_=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">African bee-eaters nesting in colonies on a clay cliff</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Over the next few month there is a flurry of feeding activity as the road adjacent to the wall is crisscrossed many times by colourful streaks as insects are delivered to hungry chicks</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpqDjLxBZWdp6pwgoErQSjmYd796v0YCpvkmI-Ck4uJ3irBXRNBeStpZk9N1gpLw9pfj4qqOb2LMvKKgOLthbzBxb0X9ad72xaU3Eg2Uu11M5hmrGhAYaBUVzAltXywNE5GkqB0FwvtrQCI-pMyT3eL29Trx0RwQfYmPgFfhazFi_buoGcg5uHwjVc" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2530" data-original-width="1687" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpqDjLxBZWdp6pwgoErQSjmYd796v0YCpvkmI-Ck4uJ3irBXRNBeStpZk9N1gpLw9pfj4qqOb2LMvKKgOLthbzBxb0X9ad72xaU3Eg2Uu11M5hmrGhAYaBUVzAltXywNE5GkqB0FwvtrQCI-pMyT3eL29Trx0RwQfYmPgFfhazFi_buoGcg5uHwjVc=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is a good supply of insects in the vicinity</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRXPledXbDnG0jqIU8YDQBNMJWS316WyilfWhCk14CCYBzC_M-dy3VfLmMSGb5BtrM5uF3274ZN1h0zhnz7hduZDIdOQXyczwLUorKHZky1l_WfeB0Hf8EBOMn4rG4xx9CXzdO-qB-93U81V0h2g_DwBhxzynIy-8i23CefArjyfKKiq1mga7IJ7wa" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2151" data-original-width="1434" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRXPledXbDnG0jqIU8YDQBNMJWS316WyilfWhCk14CCYBzC_M-dy3VfLmMSGb5BtrM5uF3274ZN1h0zhnz7hduZDIdOQXyczwLUorKHZky1l_WfeB0Hf8EBOMn4rG4xx9CXzdO-qB-93U81V0h2g_DwBhxzynIy-8i23CefArjyfKKiq1mga7IJ7wa=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyWRC-oOY0EWSb-lpe5I7lrxzX-1PTOLBbISh4hmwiez3MHHDqM6sJX_2NqbWXYYZnf1a2WmAVVSQuQa9oPnAd6OhEAgdaK4POSebIlpOxaY4pDcmmI1_3_qu4ol2LIRQPwvsRC9tzvzt5W8-PsdVY88A0G8FOkf-dPQXFdJADjoRJCZaslz0Mfgg-" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyWRC-oOY0EWSb-lpe5I7lrxzX-1PTOLBbISh4hmwiez3MHHDqM6sJX_2NqbWXYYZnf1a2WmAVVSQuQa9oPnAd6OhEAgdaK4POSebIlpOxaY4pDcmmI1_3_qu4ol2LIRQPwvsRC9tzvzt5W8-PsdVY88A0G8FOkf-dPQXFdJADjoRJCZaslz0Mfgg-=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijr2un5fBbVCM59Q1sIBesRA7m0nEELo--j2fT3Gh97p-TtPzcAxmjuQOO4y2J2X1HH1hGogtFtZo_zuylI7AOBTSNEV8bsEeGiO6kWtJsybAtf00reSTTLj8P6FJ-8IvCri8Z1r6Qf-VZ3OAXEXtfJc4PODSJn8F6GAqgs3MjllKb9hqz0u7dkz-M" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijr2un5fBbVCM59Q1sIBesRA7m0nEELo--j2fT3Gh97p-TtPzcAxmjuQOO4y2J2X1HH1hGogtFtZo_zuylI7AOBTSNEV8bsEeGiO6kWtJsybAtf00reSTTLj8P6FJ-8IvCri8Z1r6Qf-VZ3OAXEXtfJc4PODSJn8F6GAqgs3MjllKb9hqz0u7dkz-M=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj61phmmfr7L2Ri0YcS9mQLC4icLukVkYs8ont49KEPxTja_hPic3PMbkefkkJJhLEDyThhefGxQvMGWalYwvxwqFPMmpzt6wRibLGmjI22_ZRQJnH2G2SfDAB0L0gGkOSCfct0qp6VO2MSOaXHoThObszlR4kCUM6hHQUFLyDSC3_5ujRtSAgqPOKZ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj61phmmfr7L2Ri0YcS9mQLC4icLukVkYs8ont49KEPxTja_hPic3PMbkefkkJJhLEDyThhefGxQvMGWalYwvxwqFPMmpzt6wRibLGmjI22_ZRQJnH2G2SfDAB0L0gGkOSCfct0qp6VO2MSOaXHoThObszlR4kCUM6hHQUFLyDSC3_5ujRtSAgqPOKZ=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyNhmiSTfaDCehsp7PFU8SUGEjQoA4XUAZtP6tn-GPEel09FvPPtUDU-7mLtuDdARAqtwdyTsqQnUYMtKL2ejljSnLdYpKtMNB_Rq72aPi7JZKjztDoouSd9PXr70Ifv1OrmIMdNqXZxTum_YDz2h0qMvhJwwzcy0hEqWKQQawFMtaPfsn53vnsfVR" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyNhmiSTfaDCehsp7PFU8SUGEjQoA4XUAZtP6tn-GPEel09FvPPtUDU-7mLtuDdARAqtwdyTsqQnUYMtKL2ejljSnLdYpKtMNB_Rq72aPi7JZKjztDoouSd9PXr70Ifv1OrmIMdNqXZxTum_YDz2h0qMvhJwwzcy0hEqWKQQawFMtaPfsn53vnsfVR=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></div></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgyW4UzXTwZHT3iEVf5MDU1PXSUlr0T_8zWjzIarOcK9mH2RNL7loq7fEz9-ko7cylTG6KQWHl0hy0eHaKJ-1gAS0PQzVlInX0wgz88nI3d_x3Xxho1UZ2Mt445S-Mo-Q_3V2JpeP30L9xX9pjuej4fOYruznwkyiQ2W_k7mva2FWAiAFiTEbOGGA75" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3327" data-original-width="2704" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgyW4UzXTwZHT3iEVf5MDU1PXSUlr0T_8zWjzIarOcK9mH2RNL7loq7fEz9-ko7cylTG6KQWHl0hy0eHaKJ-1gAS0PQzVlInX0wgz88nI3d_x3Xxho1UZ2Mt445S-Mo-Q_3V2JpeP30L9xX9pjuej4fOYruznwkyiQ2W_k7mva2FWAiAFiTEbOGGA75=w520-h640" width="520" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A sequential action series of a feeding</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Like the nesting in the countryside the mature chicks can be seen at the pipe entrance as fledging approaches. This appears to be more of a problem due to the rigidity of the concrete and plastic. The chick is essentially blocking the feeding for its siblings. The parents are not ignorant of this problem and they first try persuasion. Flying close to the chick they silently implore it to fly off and fledge thus relieving the blockade.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj59wBQttHwQ3558Q5MnEcDFe3WEHI99a2dAnl-5Tl5EOE1xId84nQs372yXkBHOzw3ng-Oj2g4O5YOZ8q0jj9w1zGony88Rm4HHlVSkKc7xFifZOPdTI7o72ERcK7YxAVF7307HRE1RUqRnVT7ZD7976ovmA6DoZ8otUXcIexDapHZGTSiPDW6B1G2" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj59wBQttHwQ3558Q5MnEcDFe3WEHI99a2dAnl-5Tl5EOE1xId84nQs372yXkBHOzw3ng-Oj2g4O5YOZ8q0jj9w1zGony88Rm4HHlVSkKc7xFifZOPdTI7o72ERcK7YxAVF7307HRE1RUqRnVT7ZD7976ovmA6DoZ8otUXcIexDapHZGTSiPDW6B1G2=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The eldest chick in the nest blocks the way to feeding the others</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZXCXhv-CGqk16p5DzboZWEMFsfta-DeapZkNrK72qMyj6ooUMftn7jd1nWM1xjeOVEfERqoLFvb5iY4B9bsuVBL1tUSiiPLZoxzs64L8aQUO9at6srAWlXoeUDSlPdBVBJXWOsYeFfTG5vCEioyQDqHPY_W3PZjM48sth_8NEalimUGdoOm3MqxRj" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZXCXhv-CGqk16p5DzboZWEMFsfta-DeapZkNrK72qMyj6ooUMftn7jd1nWM1xjeOVEfERqoLFvb5iY4B9bsuVBL1tUSiiPLZoxzs64L8aQUO9at6srAWlXoeUDSlPdBVBJXWOsYeFfTG5vCEioyQDqHPY_W3PZjM48sth_8NEalimUGdoOm3MqxRj=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A parent tries to persuade the chick to fledge</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Like most doting parents patience has its limits. Next comes the uncorking.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">An adult will fly in as normal with an insect in its bill. The hungry chick makes a grab for the morsel but the adult's bill clamps down firmly on that of the offspring. It then lunges backwards drawing out the recalcitrant chick. It has now fledged.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEisyofT8gvNhuG6qOQO2XoBfHlJF9CimTwYtpSgxfjTQWRcqxSBKXbutVeQndOhx1xX2-6dl-nk8dL_TOg7x1lTXS8O4fwNskZzWxrz-Jz4m2vO23e1YMzVOtzGedMU8RY4rsFARKzzBjRJ_RZC-brzz7jt8KyNZNhj7fWwiCUfBbrRr4gIGtMtDk9t" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEisyofT8gvNhuG6qOQO2XoBfHlJF9CimTwYtpSgxfjTQWRcqxSBKXbutVeQndOhx1xX2-6dl-nk8dL_TOg7x1lTXS8O4fwNskZzWxrz-Jz4m2vO23e1YMzVOtzGedMU8RY4rsFARKzzBjRJ_RZC-brzz7jt8KyNZNhj7fWwiCUfBbrRr4gIGtMtDk9t=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A parent arrives with an insect for the chick at the entrance</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEkuVA7pyAEE51EpIoPGKMiPS1xjaki92prnhGc06QayayIluxDADMws_PRx1LiqzFrKHTZIbPHxl_1awaV7-Q6uiTxbHCXg4ECUeLVi2IjbAmfPMtcVi55BPjuiFrSmJSNqcFOAXFdIEwrG23WfVLkNPquuvzVrdLvmKOjKc1tvzEdpBELNIA8hz_" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEkuVA7pyAEE51EpIoPGKMiPS1xjaki92prnhGc06QayayIluxDADMws_PRx1LiqzFrKHTZIbPHxl_1awaV7-Q6uiTxbHCXg4ECUeLVi2IjbAmfPMtcVi55BPjuiFrSmJSNqcFOAXFdIEwrG23WfVLkNPquuvzVrdLvmKOjKc1tvzEdpBELNIA8hz_=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The chick grabs the insect but the adult grasps the chick's bill.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-DhzU2-tninCQsNMFj4YKMzeo3kfo9xdFTqtlndJKHvFOsoKghqt6rm8OldSN2jEu4LkN-zUUF3bnOMFFndcGMs3tRau2f5_PIeFxLxeVnuslIZA0FVrjwWbuaUGwYMHttUCv-5UzpGqnsqoLKZ-FPamp7-ci8tIEMfFBd--J5gXG6a0FfSNIXKMx" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-DhzU2-tninCQsNMFj4YKMzeo3kfo9xdFTqtlndJKHvFOsoKghqt6rm8OldSN2jEu4LkN-zUUF3bnOMFFndcGMs3tRau2f5_PIeFxLxeVnuslIZA0FVrjwWbuaUGwYMHttUCv-5UzpGqnsqoLKZ-FPamp7-ci8tIEMfFBd--J5gXG6a0FfSNIXKMx=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The chick is extracted from the nest ............</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhowkPO3dcT7bPZnzVgFD_ijWWZ3cvctLxvX-UR2fYeBHEG4j-zrjiaOf-E6-rCPOIarQ7NsCB6m20ot0P-QOjES69f2TiFulskQh1ix98z-KuXy3lxKivbxrYqHyawBUdxZe2D-LxMHOvUNBENFu_Rsm5b09Sx6SA6ZV8VWBAuhO6q8Y2CwX_jD8ni" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhowkPO3dcT7bPZnzVgFD_ijWWZ3cvctLxvX-UR2fYeBHEG4j-zrjiaOf-E6-rCPOIarQ7NsCB6m20ot0P-QOjES69f2TiFulskQh1ix98z-KuXy3lxKivbxrYqHyawBUdxZe2D-LxMHOvUNBENFu_Rsm5b09Sx6SA6ZV8VWBAuhO6q8Y2CwX_jD8ni=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">........and has fledged</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">I expect over the following years the colony nesting will get more popular. There appears to be fewer problems; no feral dogs, out of reach of poachers, fewer parasites, less interest from photographers and only distant motorbikes. There is only competition from Crested Mynahs and the odd threat from passing raptors. There is always better security with many eyes looking.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There are no signs that other bee-eaters are pursuing a similar strategy. Both blue-throated and Blue-tailed bee-eaters are reported to nest in Penang state. Both are migrant nesters and are larger than the Chestnut-headed. They also have the elongated tail-feathers at may make pipe traversing less comfortable.</div><br /><br /></div></span></span></div><p></p>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-63246963409883724902022-09-07T17:25:00.000-07:002022-09-07T17:25:59.435-07:00Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters, turning religious (part one)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The bee-eaters are a group of non-passerine birds in the family<b> Meropidae</b>, containing three genera and twenty-seven species, Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in Southern Europe and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly-coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongate central tail feathers. All have a long down-turned bill and medium to long wings, which may be pointed or round. Male and female plumages are usually similar.</span></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Five species are found in Malaysia, with some being migrant breeders. In Penang state the only endemic species, commonly seen, are the Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters (<i>Merops leschenaulti)</i>. The species is 18-20cm long but it lacks the elongated central tail feathers common to many of its relatives. In this case it may be a distinct advantage. Locally they can be seen hunting in forested area in the morning and evening. Around the beginning of the year they prepare for breeding.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhr_AX8smBJ1xfBSr4AvdEXD60GPTliqNLXF_DQOntpcCffuAA4UTy1mdlS3UG6cO_zXGEBEwkIOg0AQ0Bb2xoAkEKmWxKV911xthNC-1XfQmHlHAiPI2_drQK95pc_n17Ccj0Mn3MQUiPgkLNHlzCmLlwp9UCaWSBe_cne2Dmn-hjYRUsGnrXZ6Ukx" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="933" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhr_AX8smBJ1xfBSr4AvdEXD60GPTliqNLXF_DQOntpcCffuAA4UTy1mdlS3UG6cO_zXGEBEwkIOg0AQ0Bb2xoAkEKmWxKV911xthNC-1XfQmHlHAiPI2_drQK95pc_n17Ccj0Mn3MQUiPgkLNHlzCmLlwp9UCaWSBe_cne2Dmn-hjYRUsGnrXZ6Ukx=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chestnut-headed Bee-eater</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2lpK8xuQL4NgJkSs27dRKal0MnQfRlxJzfM0PsLnyWa9hvEExq1gUP96gsAoQ51kZVBpZQmK2toBO1Tbe4Oca07KWXa4mVYmWt84kQ1fQgI-PWH7BW88T3j7KpnKynU5D1CGUhdWTsABJC4nhcAToqlJ-IPKD0MYz2Q2AQPonnZ0EyHah2mAAldkb" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="933" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2lpK8xuQL4NgJkSs27dRKal0MnQfRlxJzfM0PsLnyWa9hvEExq1gUP96gsAoQ51kZVBpZQmK2toBO1Tbe4Oca07KWXa4mVYmWt84kQ1fQgI-PWH7BW88T3j7KpnKynU5D1CGUhdWTsABJC4nhcAToqlJ-IPKD0MYz2Q2AQPonnZ0EyHah2mAAldkb=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paired off for breeding at the start of the year</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjvlDHRPeBI1ECEM2kj6i_xVRYTndzQXtFmt_vY2JqB57vUyOdUJIjc4yDtMECo0IaEdLt_DLNtaV6wjMU3MgAI23NJBv_jM-7RJoLFGuyX-e_T5OSF9osd3yBftfCogFimIaAfBJm_i_ipaXc67lpHMgPqLY85sNBr3wQOv-2-TmQiHmf7k1sXHKTh" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1334" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjvlDHRPeBI1ECEM2kj6i_xVRYTndzQXtFmt_vY2JqB57vUyOdUJIjc4yDtMECo0IaEdLt_DLNtaV6wjMU3MgAI23NJBv_jM-7RJoLFGuyX-e_T5OSF9osd3yBftfCogFimIaAfBJm_i_ipaXc67lpHMgPqLY85sNBr3wQOv-2-TmQiHmf7k1sXHKTh=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hunting regularly</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcBymFhmPf6s7wIS672ea6mxlULZ8TQm91noq0kMAfPkPDm4WUnLc7GISDpDaj3hsOOK9pmqE7R8KjhuqW7_DCEcw1yfAFeP7B0heaiY1P_1zNbGnHCBYgbM9J4SMnGVkhQQVECPkoA-w74z_snA2nEtek3td0-5YJ6c73YBXpR8Q-xXkYmmMv8wk1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1370" data-original-width="1992" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcBymFhmPf6s7wIS672ea6mxlULZ8TQm91noq0kMAfPkPDm4WUnLc7GISDpDaj3hsOOK9pmqE7R8KjhuqW7_DCEcw1yfAFeP7B0heaiY1P_1zNbGnHCBYgbM9J4SMnGVkhQQVECPkoA-w74z_snA2nEtek3td0-5YJ6c73YBXpR8Q-xXkYmmMv8wk1=w640-h440" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The design of their nest</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">They make their nests in muddy banks (as shown above) and congregate with others in particular breeding grounds. One such site was a disused moto-cross track at Penanti, on the mainland. This has since been taken over for other activities. Nesting is an energy intensive activity and a tunnel around a metre long has to be drilled into the bank. Their bills are suited to function like picks to loosen the soil but their tiny, dainty feet are not well suited to moving the loosened dirt.........but they manage by forming a half pipe with stiffened wings and kicking furiously.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh8Gyk93E-3oXQilsa_Avvm4N9Zk0lxSSspAbo-GCvebXlhUHS_vKgS1_nKppMIVsHHa6yZAV528Yd8E4Qi4rfWMI5IlY3aEZI0awPJp8w3VCqJqrTLfvJSJ_NzGiz0KNUEDb2K7txrznxFaknfzHdEZHm4wnRqhHYEC7J24Hibe9fOYM5WAyrmEwQf" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2712" data-original-width="2182" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh8Gyk93E-3oXQilsa_Avvm4N9Zk0lxSSspAbo-GCvebXlhUHS_vKgS1_nKppMIVsHHa6yZAV528Yd8E4Qi4rfWMI5IlY3aEZI0awPJp8w3VCqJqrTLfvJSJ_NzGiz0KNUEDb2K7txrznxFaknfzHdEZHm4wnRqhHYEC7J24Hibe9fOYM5WAyrmEwQf" width="386" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kicking dirt</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3AhOZPFoer4U3lC4pp0cdnM--Zb2cdmi6oq0Avker1qL1ri8HbbCHhK6LvojJtduphr1tqh5rTrQu-9dsTqaHxx05arxOiXB7Y3ncUdALumfHtvK_IHKR1LD3xoIG0NQtFZyzY3EFvhv_7GHhg4d5rRPeulhEyQqX5HwphzQlSxU3U39dTvKfdVZW" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1267" data-original-width="1900" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3AhOZPFoer4U3lC4pp0cdnM--Zb2cdmi6oq0Avker1qL1ri8HbbCHhK6LvojJtduphr1tqh5rTrQu-9dsTqaHxx05arxOiXB7Y3ncUdALumfHtvK_IHKR1LD3xoIG0NQtFZyzY3EFvhv_7GHhg4d5rRPeulhEyQqX5HwphzQlSxU3U39dTvKfdVZW=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Co-ordinated effort</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh47SGPeqyrLj0u9EW8E0ySVR7cO9AO27CH3dokuGXoRdO7ffNbtR363bEII4MDVEwqskJ-CURvmdSLf5OlJcxG5Wro5e9nZ5mZJUO5Dmu6ZrjJ8VM8SbHJ4mULkY5Lh4ai2mfc57rhLf51-uZufH-6741CPvQN_j3ajD7Q39PwvO_4NuGxCWAbJsHw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1266" data-original-width="1900" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh47SGPeqyrLj0u9EW8E0ySVR7cO9AO27CH3dokuGXoRdO7ffNbtR363bEII4MDVEwqskJ-CURvmdSLf5OlJcxG5Wro5e9nZ5mZJUO5Dmu6ZrjJ8VM8SbHJ4mULkY5Lh4ai2mfc57rhLf51-uZufH-6741CPvQN_j3ajD7Q39PwvO_4NuGxCWAbJsHw=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Showing the amount of dirt drilled out of the nest cavity</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">During this time they must hunt for sustenance and mating also takes place in this period. When the male wants to mate or later on when the female is egg-laying he will bring her gifts on insects. Mating is reminiscent of a wrestling or mixed martial arts match. </div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcaVmE_Eb7YnP691zMWBWo24rpLMMjIWV7iALM-exsgKfOSA4FESw2aJk6vUfH9Y3T_fCFWMHFtALj5OU85i1O8ZBw1xl_4WxtFDkBdyXD42ctdp9xBP4U8MJfbwYFAMfdGGecG7wzt47koleG7blCCxLEICNkrXPeMsWxIuAOYWynQaQVj8PtejCO" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2218" data-original-width="3436" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcaVmE_Eb7YnP691zMWBWo24rpLMMjIWV7iALM-exsgKfOSA4FESw2aJk6vUfH9Y3T_fCFWMHFtALj5OU85i1O8ZBw1xl_4WxtFDkBdyXD42ctdp9xBP4U8MJfbwYFAMfdGGecG7wzt47koleG7blCCxLEICNkrXPeMsWxIuAOYWynQaQVj8PtejCO=w640-h414" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gift-giving occurs before mating and when the female is egg-laying</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_IMu6g_2b5OldBV365Afopivbxj0CKsD7XI6TnN8igJh63aLKKJ3tsOAgwEgH4YFENxn74NxF4QLBkXMWQm9iRzAizrVWLYcQ2jjr1N4l4_kXnGiR3pEMUtW-5ZlUpnn91Qkjg2WoqCKVUNAtXk0N_bRkphoyATxJ3S3C4ch2jfbsFYoM-Way9ACm" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_IMu6g_2b5OldBV365Afopivbxj0CKsD7XI6TnN8igJh63aLKKJ3tsOAgwEgH4YFENxn74NxF4QLBkXMWQm9iRzAizrVWLYcQ2jjr1N4l4_kXnGiR3pEMUtW-5ZlUpnn91Qkjg2WoqCKVUNAtXk0N_bRkphoyATxJ3S3C4ch2jfbsFYoM-Way9ACm=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The female leans forward as a prelude to mating</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhyYBI-h2Ltjnc6diLXIyIqsN4Hp4ZGo03aAqYSlBwGvz1niBiCV0NQwt7GYXukKqqHhYoa9k50nfIKU15uDVkshSzP4LHwPWtn6DOHiJ4l-eq_DbBKamEwz3-nkXVBeYNpa-UzhnrDNwbUg8bZl9ZSPJ40hWJDaWWDsBSFW3p9wMbBUsfQ3IE2k3sT" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhyYBI-h2Ltjnc6diLXIyIqsN4Hp4ZGo03aAqYSlBwGvz1niBiCV0NQwt7GYXukKqqHhYoa9k50nfIKU15uDVkshSzP4LHwPWtn6DOHiJ4l-eq_DbBKamEwz3-nkXVBeYNpa-UzhnrDNwbUg8bZl9ZSPJ40hWJDaWWDsBSFW3p9wMbBUsfQ3IE2k3sT=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mating looks rather violent with the male's bill being used as a restraint</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Five or six eggs are laid in a nursery chamber constructed in the inner end of the tunnel. The adult birds take turns incubating the eggs. The chicks will fledge 30 days later. In the meantime a stream of insects are taken into the nest by both parents and sometimes by close relatives. The eggs are laid on different days so the chicks mature asynchronously. The older chicks can be seen later at the nest entrance a few days before they fledge.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYZhj4QDQh-c0FG3H2MDFyiQq63z9_ymvy35gmYmNx9ItUzEKhOI0KmgNJLTFlVApRWzrQPUz7mljk86Hhq_hg_jAYWKwINDEwGSk1d-SGmBfkfZGLK06_wjzIJpotk8iHugbxj06RiTOQv78qooWL323YeNuvXUcu9zIOuPWSGTaAVvpBY522FOdq" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYZhj4QDQh-c0FG3H2MDFyiQq63z9_ymvy35gmYmNx9ItUzEKhOI0KmgNJLTFlVApRWzrQPUz7mljk86Hhq_hg_jAYWKwINDEwGSk1d-SGmBfkfZGLK06_wjzIJpotk8iHugbxj06RiTOQv78qooWL323YeNuvXUcu9zIOuPWSGTaAVvpBY522FOdq=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bees and other insects are caught to feed the chicks</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjW-XzPatfdArc1WHveyUlFTmpWFptgKr0g_fNqtPL9oZul2bpd9B1qfuJK2KmQCWqsCPwtNDjhgzSbyDZmcOU5z6WIXyIYjaGO-9cvaIKbGAUJSBli5fJdfR4R4ALZyv4omXI-aOOC7VilLTQvDTx_FnR1TzcEQp0U1-IyBsVo4gQukr80kwR1yp9c" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjW-XzPatfdArc1WHveyUlFTmpWFptgKr0g_fNqtPL9oZul2bpd9B1qfuJK2KmQCWqsCPwtNDjhgzSbyDZmcOU5z6WIXyIYjaGO-9cvaIKbGAUJSBli5fJdfR4R4ALZyv4omXI-aOOC7VilLTQvDTx_FnR1TzcEQp0U1-IyBsVo4gQukr80kwR1yp9c=w427-h640" width="427" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">............ and delivered to the nesting tunnel</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3Xf_0jxf598_gxPMMDQcjC8SazrYaDnnUYjYikzNv3Kz4j60dduwfGpLBElqjysutrtlhGiTqjb6rutTD6_NLmIgHv-onfkJpndxok0hcdGiNSt-oYV55dPYI2Xfsodwp8HTY193Rs1jinjyjM4V5VzIb0pNXBKfo1-H8sRzcZTO0lSpLA0kfqMw3" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2444" data-original-width="3524" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3Xf_0jxf598_gxPMMDQcjC8SazrYaDnnUYjYikzNv3Kz4j60dduwfGpLBElqjysutrtlhGiTqjb6rutTD6_NLmIgHv-onfkJpndxok0hcdGiNSt-oYV55dPYI2Xfsodwp8HTY193Rs1jinjyjM4V5VzIb0pNXBKfo1-H8sRzcZTO0lSpLA0kfqMw3=w640-h444" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Many insects are delivered</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitw8RmgJIh-SZNY3YLngiAwy_TUjS26eXf0KeAR9m3so-9-jWbADABhbil9rs_lYMK8OPX22i2z0Q0IHI8JE0jNUNhugeLOLlunVB00mbxd8g3FdclD8F6h5Is85ngqVMbX0g_FF42hXCCPTkCavwc7HCaTUm3y-kgzSYlBoP8ApAeNDBSRspUSBpS" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="1501" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitw8RmgJIh-SZNY3YLngiAwy_TUjS26eXf0KeAR9m3so-9-jWbADABhbil9rs_lYMK8OPX22i2z0Q0IHI8JE0jNUNhugeLOLlunVB00mbxd8g3FdclD8F6h5Is85ngqVMbX0g_FF42hXCCPTkCavwc7HCaTUm3y-kgzSYlBoP8ApAeNDBSRspUSBpS=w640-h402" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A chick's eye view of the adult coming into the nest (GoPro camera)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgRRq44IiP4zbgWwjeaOeqn6Ek8vyIYCr6nDqLXaroWIIS8PbJVI0XR23yOXsm2nDuBl2N8Vmvgw6O8NJwiz4bI5Vzx62xHkR8OSCYaRj0HNnfr_6VHXRAcod17biE3jn8r-V6ifO7foGxqU2UNQulllJj2ssg9OaKRrqPIU3NkVl-RTcit1Y4cIK9q" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1079" data-original-width="1620" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgRRq44IiP4zbgWwjeaOeqn6Ek8vyIYCr6nDqLXaroWIIS8PbJVI0XR23yOXsm2nDuBl2N8Vmvgw6O8NJwiz4bI5Vzx62xHkR8OSCYaRj0HNnfr_6VHXRAcod17biE3jn8r-V6ifO7foGxqU2UNQulllJj2ssg9OaKRrqPIU3NkVl-RTcit1Y4cIK9q=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Leaving the nest</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The adults will drop heavy hints to the mature chicks dominating the entrance of the nest. After stuffing them with large insects they will land away from the entrance hoping the chicks will move away from the entrance for the food.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwzUJGPoCW84x8D5jHvTGSx13CqWMNSTevsX_sm9SnLvVWVBYxvSSoJ-SsSgw0ronezPlnGoIe-tHqeHOrqKZMd5-bTOEMkVJdHoADvZsFp8WJsmgzZ4kLONzgFsDLe94PFeYoIMeN00isgR7pfmS7Vw1zsnzHdF9kXXluDev1M9a5SZhR5kkfDbHq" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1620" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwzUJGPoCW84x8D5jHvTGSx13CqWMNSTevsX_sm9SnLvVWVBYxvSSoJ-SsSgw0ronezPlnGoIe-tHqeHOrqKZMd5-bTOEMkVJdHoADvZsFp8WJsmgzZ4kLONzgFsDLe94PFeYoIMeN00isgR7pfmS7Vw1zsnzHdF9kXXluDev1M9a5SZhR5kkfDbHq=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A final feeding before the chick fledges</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjD0VrlGW0c-V9Q5DNEXekhIGG-YlfSFmUwyr7SbyyYI-iP9ckVKY3jW-rfToa6l1uw-_PPFr9SJ8HiC0TS9DpYGgfFpimSTD-FQXJB-u0vsY2bn3E_sFvMLtR9Q5vebifOx_rkxv1cxmMX63uzpJmNa710MFgtdpD5fT8kzkpjvsjM7I_uuG1X6LLU" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjD0VrlGW0c-V9Q5DNEXekhIGG-YlfSFmUwyr7SbyyYI-iP9ckVKY3jW-rfToa6l1uw-_PPFr9SJ8HiC0TS9DpYGgfFpimSTD-FQXJB-u0vsY2bn3E_sFvMLtR9Q5vebifOx_rkxv1cxmMX63uzpJmNa710MFgtdpD5fT8kzkpjvsjM7I_uuG1X6LLU=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The chick emerges from the nest and soon flies off. They have mainly green heads.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwnMtl_AUGz1doGm7mjKHBbgAAYED3jB_isW3iYIo27VauAi8zwL9DnvCf2cFyIf8iIMshhEvxHV5goMs4qqZ-NYAKy6f5wWZZJQKNTvSOjM9tHpMimblardzYsJoUrwDGeqe-TUycUfTq37wt0e5F0HHaffeekGQgux-r40fTKT10aQOmjPJzVTqr" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwnMtl_AUGz1doGm7mjKHBbgAAYED3jB_isW3iYIo27VauAi8zwL9DnvCf2cFyIf8iIMshhEvxHV5goMs4qqZ-NYAKy6f5wWZZJQKNTvSOjM9tHpMimblardzYsJoUrwDGeqe-TUycUfTq37wt0e5F0HHaffeekGQgux-r40fTKT10aQOmjPJzVTqr=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After the nesting period the colony will disperse until the next season</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgGVzumNCrtfJw8xDCRwlhnhlkwP-DHbjR11nu6zLLa5bh3DK0WR5gCRmVgL2Irf2pwi-mvJJ7AJsi90JIcspCU19Xt5kIh8xH2BEbWPF_0bcgbT62pMePhHuAo6MiI9ksTGBnjbT_1k42rocTI1GdD8aepfhrYCrbSdnWiRb6lgqFcXVm_hviB6siG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1476" data-original-width="2000" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgGVzumNCrtfJw8xDCRwlhnhlkwP-DHbjR11nu6zLLa5bh3DK0WR5gCRmVgL2Irf2pwi-mvJJ7AJsi90JIcspCU19Xt5kIh8xH2BEbWPF_0bcgbT62pMePhHuAo6MiI9ksTGBnjbT_1k42rocTI1GdD8aepfhrYCrbSdnWiRb6lgqFcXVm_hviB6siG=w640-h472" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blue-throated Bee-eaters also use the same grounds and disputes may occur</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">There are certain disadvantages in nesting in such places; poachers, land developers, motor-bike riders, feral dogs, snakes, thoughtless photographers, flooding, soil pathogens and birds of prey can all be detrimental to breeding success.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">BUT this species is very smart and have adopted a nesting strategy that takes most of the hard labour out of the mating game.</div><br /></div></div></div><br /></span></div><p></p>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-1250761106136515342022-03-14T23:55:00.000-07:002022-03-14T23:55:33.409-07:00The White-bellied Sea Eagles of northern Penang Island, Malaysia<p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Introduction</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The White-bellied Sea Eagle is a large diurnal bird of prey that breeds and hunts near water, with fish forming the majority of its diet. The adult bird has a white head, rump and underparts, and dark or slate-grey back and wings. In flight, the black flight feathers on the wings are easily seen when the bird is viewed from below. The large, hooked bill is a leaden blue-grey with a darker tip, and the eyes are dark brown. The legs and feet are yellow or grey, with long black talons. Like many raptors, the female is slightly larger than the male. Immature birds have brown plumage, which is gradually replaced by white over 5-6 years until the adult plumage is obtained.The lifespan is 20 years and the adults weigh 1.8-4.5kg and are 66-90cm in length. The wingspan is 1.9 to 2.2 metres. The mature juveniles are a similar size to the adults.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrkCjIz8yUuYK2eknvn1Qt6VlLoxIhcstI9Am4y4Mqaeu5DHDt9J3zZpxSRiuGh8do4HIJPI4QbQ6cGikeKX3zLM6mlsOJVyUh8eGoM-2jRGuuYx4I4lD8LZYpkAfx5J6dgF2VLTVhmcB07SWru4SXYY6qiFKVkno3BXwIKpAAljPlaiEOJsXVuUoO=s2000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1333" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrkCjIz8yUuYK2eknvn1Qt6VlLoxIhcstI9Am4y4Mqaeu5DHDt9J3zZpxSRiuGh8do4HIJPI4QbQ6cGikeKX3zLM6mlsOJVyUh8eGoM-2jRGuuYx4I4lD8LZYpkAfx5J6dgF2VLTVhmcB07SWru4SXYY6qiFKVkno3BXwIKpAAljPlaiEOJsXVuUoO=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiDjf7cABXTD_SVb68SChZ_Q_YpM7NsiF9LWB_ySpu4_dIl47An7Zjz1mmwZMl3--xU1nfumtejxJTNTvJKOrpeKvktFM99ubantRZFUOjVzR71b7J2yYjNiFzlulT1GaLfvhWCIqtvbvdi3z4iSnfkecFOtIvmd9A6DHNFaBO_NtzR5b90tnZSTuzz=s1920" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiDjf7cABXTD_SVb68SChZ_Q_YpM7NsiF9LWB_ySpu4_dIl47An7Zjz1mmwZMl3--xU1nfumtejxJTNTvJKOrpeKvktFM99ubantRZFUOjVzR71b7J2yYjNiFzlulT1GaLfvhWCIqtvbvdi3z4iSnfkecFOtIvmd9A6DHNFaBO_NtzR5b90tnZSTuzz=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Juvenile</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0u4md5ja1FUGYHh1GoYjrQ1YHx_FPBb4jpthhrptld1xIMaciaY8EVxAaNs2bGtMvRvjADxw9wGCBEN_Ei_XJzLpD--YE8ZMCtTHSFJGKEOJ8dWhRE60UD5Ht4boX0-fQ8g_iFn7XeATdGS7swh0SExFhA2MpGp99LmEpQXA3cBp6Y6HmDp4BVvrd=s1740" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1740" data-original-width="1160" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0u4md5ja1FUGYHh1GoYjrQ1YHx_FPBb4jpthhrptld1xIMaciaY8EVxAaNs2bGtMvRvjADxw9wGCBEN_Ei_XJzLpD--YE8ZMCtTHSFJGKEOJ8dWhRE60UD5Ht4boX0-fQ8g_iFn7XeATdGS7swh0SExFhA2MpGp99LmEpQXA3cBp6Y6HmDp4BVvrd=w426-h640" width="426" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mature juveniles from below</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYm3T0A4oiM599fWoZ4PqOZfhbhAuREmE__w6G2SzMUGWjLl9WkOHd5UyUeFQs5XhN36fi8Gxc3YjeLdpAOqlSzAdsGM8VAes8g894RzM0EjdSjFB5vRanpPA_FfUi69ML9ea0dM6X0mbnyEyLFRQPFNdxpxn2jKyYM8ErNm5mfSzZMyoVnAKL7K9x=s1837" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1837" data-original-width="1225" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYm3T0A4oiM599fWoZ4PqOZfhbhAuREmE__w6G2SzMUGWjLl9WkOHd5UyUeFQs5XhN36fi8Gxc3YjeLdpAOqlSzAdsGM8VAes8g894RzM0EjdSjFB5vRanpPA_FfUi69ML9ea0dM6X0mbnyEyLFRQPFNdxpxn2jKyYM8ErNm5mfSzZMyoVnAKL7K9x=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Juvenile from above</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFrmLjNXMZaXH4gIgWovl9DR68eCM_Yt4juDJ4qYP5_ZsQkxdO_97a-crU9iuDYxeleoonE7_BBGi4t4R0Z5KdppogW3zP2c3q7Jn8xSz3xkVxeGqzDo56qGs5jCaMmS5znUk3bgFlDaVaneypWAffMBcZqUoB7TmgN5adJPTQ8YxzhFMhPbyVUm7E=s1848" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1848" data-original-width="1232" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFrmLjNXMZaXH4gIgWovl9DR68eCM_Yt4juDJ4qYP5_ZsQkxdO_97a-crU9iuDYxeleoonE7_BBGi4t4R0Z5KdppogW3zP2c3q7Jn8xSz3xkVxeGqzDo56qGs5jCaMmS5znUk3bgFlDaVaneypWAffMBcZqUoB7TmgN5adJPTQ8YxzhFMhPbyVUm7E=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult from below</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjo61Q8xxHTBE8EG6EhQap7ElCauD5kqjL4vKejez6BxV_hzS0g5OHt1CFWCfgE5lFFHLE9rdysI7IN3GRcB_-Ja6sLnP5MMrdv2EDIWNs3MK9vsmNCIVjAH7pR9_ajQjPQOs_ZGQoYHjnAjUP0ZPalKolhGmeZN5pPWlEPilIEO5qAph0iegZAYGws=s1620" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1620" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjo61Q8xxHTBE8EG6EhQap7ElCauD5kqjL4vKejez6BxV_hzS0g5OHt1CFWCfgE5lFFHLE9rdysI7IN3GRcB_-Ja6sLnP5MMrdv2EDIWNs3MK9vsmNCIVjAH7pR9_ajQjPQOs_ZGQoYHjnAjUP0ZPalKolhGmeZN5pPWlEPilIEO5qAph0iegZAYGws=w640-h404" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult with a fish</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg046CFE_BN8TPHz-pKexZaPZBcgk_bU9oaZPQ0o_ZFM2c8z7qydyGYNmI5l7NEtVLjMSKRwh-qBPsAK7kyGYwJkXpGIEEltEEwgLOI17vlP7BHJP5f1xyQ0FXwx0IjBZU2zIlxjU_iIyH32Pk4rCUW76GbZR8uTryvXTXBKl8BKijYNIyKXh0WK8yi=s2300" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1533" data-original-width="2300" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg046CFE_BN8TPHz-pKexZaPZBcgk_bU9oaZPQ0o_ZFM2c8z7qydyGYNmI5l7NEtVLjMSKRwh-qBPsAK7kyGYwJkXpGIEEltEEwgLOI17vlP7BHJP5f1xyQ0FXwx0IjBZU2zIlxjU_iIyH32Pk4rCUW76GbZR8uTryvXTXBKl8BKijYNIyKXh0WK8yi=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Juvenile from below</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Distribution</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">White-bellied Sea Eagles are found from Mumbai eastwards in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in Southern Asia, through all of coastal Southeast Asia including, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Indochina, the main offshore islands of the Philippines and Southern China including Hong Kong, Hainan, and Fuzhou, eastwards through New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, and Austral<b>ia. </b>These eagles occur mainly in coastal areas, islands, estuaries but also in large inland water bodies, lakes, rivers and wetlands.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwhmkmM3a2aJmpsK-8JySMjUg9oTj1mBjzcASGrEHhLCbfQbo0YnHGMBlnwSStPudIO0ZJmi1oar05IbwOWvUg-F8qfSzCYa4nvuepvo5OlQvYHTJhi0IUNZ0kI2Eip7rc8Qb86H3jpO2I0Fwci-gUdK4noOQCJnFv7keMT2exPxgLCRfEnxiGfX6n=s750" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="750" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwhmkmM3a2aJmpsK-8JySMjUg9oTj1mBjzcASGrEHhLCbfQbo0YnHGMBlnwSStPudIO0ZJmi1oar05IbwOWvUg-F8qfSzCYa4nvuepvo5OlQvYHTJhi0IUNZ0kI2Eip7rc8Qb86H3jpO2I0Fwci-gUdK4noOQCJnFv7keMT2exPxgLCRfEnxiGfX6n=w640-h482" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Local Observations</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">My residence is on an upper floor of Diamond Villa which is positioned in Tanjung Bungah on the Southern shores of the Strait of Malacca. The estate is backed by the forest clad Pearl Hill where several pairs of adult eagles have their nests. Members of the eagle families catch fish in the Strait and circle above the forest and in close proximity, at times, to our condominium windows, to gain altitude to fly to their nesting or perching trees.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2_vYve_osSm42kAPphYoXB-3fXCS-oveb27efHLc8gK94dp0LU8Kk3heaFJ2YIzA1MpGSJin8G0bHXSlvNJqKitcnV19bkZT0-2TJ4XvXupHGu9TQCnst7WRZhKMu9_id9el1yf1_xJQRaf-zhqP0rkyLR8zSKxXVI3ptWM4JD120THLp18KcTWML=s1000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="1000" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2_vYve_osSm42kAPphYoXB-3fXCS-oveb27efHLc8gK94dp0LU8Kk3heaFJ2YIzA1MpGSJin8G0bHXSlvNJqKitcnV19bkZT0-2TJ4XvXupHGu9TQCnst7WRZhKMu9_id9el1yf1_xJQRaf-zhqP0rkyLR8zSKxXVI3ptWM4JD120THLp18KcTWML=w640-h432" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Location of Tanjung Bungah, near George Town, Pinang</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjHpWTSEqzndmlfqBXzp0ACzu12GDIhn_YqkE7VPILIHBswMdnWmc_h9xsPcowZXYl3ndsdN37Fgno_X-m18s2y4vbqOR1msLaJ07jb2_zrTK3YrITVim-y6NpHkBio-gy_Jjg2tgzQr-iakkyj_nIHJOeoCYQc3FuQ_G08OPE6Rs1tOCC6M0ksDLgF=s3492" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2262" data-original-width="3492" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjHpWTSEqzndmlfqBXzp0ACzu12GDIhn_YqkE7VPILIHBswMdnWmc_h9xsPcowZXYl3ndsdN37Fgno_X-m18s2y4vbqOR1msLaJ07jb2_zrTK3YrITVim-y6NpHkBio-gy_Jjg2tgzQr-iakkyj_nIHJOeoCYQc3FuQ_G08OPE6Rs1tOCC6M0ksDLgF=w640-h414" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Tanjung Bungah and Pearl Hill. Yellow arrow = eagle's nest. red arrow = my residence, yellow line = path eagles take from the Strait to their nest. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHNB0OvhYMp-cDJ2c6-Lb25LJYd5OsQjgYsSyr6mykFZk0R3MNCnjUtjuvuIoFqK30jaEAXW66Ps3SxYAigPUBCbltXUu4Mr2ADRSLDbZrKjIw2nIThhS1MMWd9c9DP7J_3CrPSoJUdkLbJds3vf5u5T3rqLj6vigRVelIiOKI-L6wJdhjYxayGY8O=s2000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1331" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHNB0OvhYMp-cDJ2c6-Lb25LJYd5OsQjgYsSyr6mykFZk0R3MNCnjUtjuvuIoFqK30jaEAXW66Ps3SxYAigPUBCbltXUu4Mr2ADRSLDbZrKjIw2nIThhS1MMWd9c9DP7J_3CrPSoJUdkLbJds3vf5u5T3rqLj6vigRVelIiOKI-L6wJdhjYxayGY8O=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Strait of Malacca and Mt Jerai on the mainland</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi91f-a8Hw5oVZrg6j3dai4pxLQtqCQGkIy4qMwpHKgTK_cpvAx5qD2S8Ls1THXmrqPYVnw2l-qwuSZWxni5cOOHPrsUNIOKjJJ407ghS42RzlILKKJtT8MveKwYIRBhSYpU7d-7_SsMMvIrhlFmfw4d3MTWo33QF5vZzMD5omoPWfLgcuQ83xmACBK=s2000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi91f-a8Hw5oVZrg6j3dai4pxLQtqCQGkIy4qMwpHKgTK_cpvAx5qD2S8Ls1THXmrqPYVnw2l-qwuSZWxni5cOOHPrsUNIOKjJJ407ghS42RzlILKKJtT8MveKwYIRBhSYpU7d-7_SsMMvIrhlFmfw4d3MTWo33QF5vZzMD5omoPWfLgcuQ83xmACBK=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Incoming eagle flying close to Strait-side condominiums.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-KhKYUYtPa4UTZmB9lD5KazzKCYqteubsL_DSkxJd5-hg0YbJB4oWe6CFDaeoY8R8XIPxpJoXXfjrurSRfhImA3dmfb6-RCybZD2LQeM8UymjlT5Z7dR_Pmno-F7_K_AjzaJutAYYwGuMHDg0zgWALsYZb2rM_kuV2OHLqzNA-iGRpDw32d1AXKn5=s2000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-KhKYUYtPa4UTZmB9lD5KazzKCYqteubsL_DSkxJd5-hg0YbJB4oWe6CFDaeoY8R8XIPxpJoXXfjrurSRfhImA3dmfb6-RCybZD2LQeM8UymjlT5Z7dR_Pmno-F7_K_AjzaJutAYYwGuMHDg0zgWALsYZb2rM_kuV2OHLqzNA-iGRpDw32d1AXKn5=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The forest on Pearl Hill</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEij2GkThBlwc0hqvoS-6fz3GJlWmIUlcbQIjPZrH4TrIkbLPKDDnJHwUbQab_hMAvHw43XBMMu_lVVVK7Msg2yDtzPRuDMbUDeYhzrNkML69IdJJ1t1CcPifdKCM8lofIr0nlbIqqtYIBljgt_X9zIfLqg_EtE0c0-s1l2ZhFV6-Aqq7dRfa46XwBfu=s2000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1285" data-original-width="2000" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEij2GkThBlwc0hqvoS-6fz3GJlWmIUlcbQIjPZrH4TrIkbLPKDDnJHwUbQab_hMAvHw43XBMMu_lVVVK7Msg2yDtzPRuDMbUDeYhzrNkML69IdJJ1t1CcPifdKCM8lofIr0nlbIqqtYIBljgt_X9zIfLqg_EtE0c0-s1l2ZhFV6-Aqq7dRfa46XwBfu=w640-h412" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Strait of Malacca is the busiest waterway in the world.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Habits and Lifestyle</span></b></div><div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">White-bellied sea eagles are generally territorial; some birds form permanent pairs that inhabit territories throughout the year, while others are nomadic. Immature birds are generally dispersive, with many moving over 50km away from the area where they were raised. They are diurnal and often seen perched high in a tree or soaring over waterways or adjacent land. A pair may cooperate to hunt. During hunting the bird prepares for the strike by holding its feet far forward and then strikes backwards while simultaneously beating its wing to lift upwards. They often catch a fish flying low over the water and grasping it in one talon.These large birds of prey have a loud goose-like honking call which is heard particularly during the breeding season; pairs often honk in unison and often carry on even when perched.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Individuals often have a brief mid-flight squirmish with another of their species. They are often chased or harassed by local House Crows. There are other raptors in the area, mostly the smaller Brahminy Kites</span></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_YWM-ebe-VkU9yV-kftBn3ebXmKvJGo0wcPsBKQGBL7zZ6boszy-lh6jmda-CjZedGq8VPFuvv8fbZ2Xc23CQfWRlzVYlJ1rSQFfTBQ3PRbyQZJK34WWiIFvrJDD0b2lXgWTD6Yfm2KoYuMwmv2J1QP5NloZ8FIa8l1fx-IIMHATd0lbAhTx3ddJN=s1900" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1900" data-original-width="1267" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_YWM-ebe-VkU9yV-kftBn3ebXmKvJGo0wcPsBKQGBL7zZ6boszy-lh6jmda-CjZedGq8VPFuvv8fbZ2Xc23CQfWRlzVYlJ1rSQFfTBQ3PRbyQZJK34WWiIFvrJDD0b2lXgWTD6Yfm2KoYuMwmv2J1QP5NloZ8FIa8l1fx-IIMHATd0lbAhTx3ddJN=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Juvenile preening</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi78Q4K4r_QQCD9u7KXr8JtOr_3EH880TpudENlzMGBU2qSTE-Z0duFvKyjmjMSe4HMblEkAQ4eeRO4lNnsZPf220bAgz1MUkfU31nR9a78I18y7j9cjWfsoKsochVf4jXgewkOJVXQtT2FM_kicO_yylvvHpEOoiIbl6wexeZgCg1KUUvGmb6-HJUp=s1920" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi78Q4K4r_QQCD9u7KXr8JtOr_3EH880TpudENlzMGBU2qSTE-Z0duFvKyjmjMSe4HMblEkAQ4eeRO4lNnsZPf220bAgz1MUkfU31nR9a78I18y7j9cjWfsoKsochVf4jXgewkOJVXQtT2FM_kicO_yylvvHpEOoiIbl6wexeZgCg1KUUvGmb6-HJUp=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Juvenile being chased by a House Crow</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjg4YNPq7RbuHkfVqNE-pzeos4uIaxI0P1r5zXO9uBrQ6O4DrfECeP4Qyt4Mw0EdVF-nSt8IGosyVcq-GUV_SX3rxEXAsYfz4d4OKINUivh_xZZG0I34b2gwQ7MAny1hKMmQgA7qZjJPiMQG6r31fkrayIXKmdgEWk0SJDz2iuTPNL_Ynyyr0QdsOtA=s2000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjg4YNPq7RbuHkfVqNE-pzeos4uIaxI0P1r5zXO9uBrQ6O4DrfECeP4Qyt4Mw0EdVF-nSt8IGosyVcq-GUV_SX3rxEXAsYfz4d4OKINUivh_xZZG0I34b2gwQ7MAny1hKMmQgA7qZjJPiMQG6r31fkrayIXKmdgEWk0SJDz2iuTPNL_Ynyyr0QdsOtA=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Juvenile being mobbed by House Crows</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirY6bDmo2Y93lW8SvLFQBAtLPnfZZP41kMa91WZ_4kIcoqjrclLyFFUatR5EQp4Rm6E4CzPHRY7k3dhFpoEFj7nYJzMPZ-ic8wKV4l83_5TsHe-SLrHEfphYtIuDsOR_7htcE2VJThC3sKbFAWONi0gA49UPfqaLI9vbGQTTtMzCSEFFZZZfvgUy4P=s2452" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1635" data-original-width="2452" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirY6bDmo2Y93lW8SvLFQBAtLPnfZZP41kMa91WZ_4kIcoqjrclLyFFUatR5EQp4Rm6E4CzPHRY7k3dhFpoEFj7nYJzMPZ-ic8wKV4l83_5TsHe-SLrHEfphYtIuDsOR_7htcE2VJThC3sKbFAWONi0gA49UPfqaLI9vbGQTTtMzCSEFFZZZfvgUy4P=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Rival in the skies; a Brahminy Kit</span>e</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Diet</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">White-bellied sea eagles are opportunistic carnivores and consume a wide variety of animal prey, including carrion. They hunt mainly aquatic animals, as fish, turtles and sea snakes, but they also take birds and small mammals. Images have appeared showing these eagles carrying wild piglets and penguins.</div></span><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Locally, a variety of fish 'fly' past our windows. Of note are Puffer fish (Fugu in Japan) which contain a powerful toxin in some of their internal organs. Highly trained specialist chefs are required to prepare the fish , which is regarded as a delicacy in Japan. Quite how the sea eagles avoid the tetrodotoxin is not known. The toxin, a sodium channel blocker, is in the liver, ovaries, eyes and skin.</span></div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1334" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgyVOXOoQ_0IAPQIvfXKMwEpxR-9jH3ZAyOTQ7jDcgv9Imvo9EUqaEOr3J8XuN6cYcW__H-xptQxklpQaIXJQEhbteXnDpuqFKvzVpyYYQ2WbA8i90BnvQuin3Bv4BdVpgPfJKhGXRs6aBwKoTnSu8aQZVUocV6LYZT0OzT5q6X-pUpAWqmMFDpetc6=w426-h640" width="426" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlEBjpZ8Ihsp-H95CiP0TmBmhEu7iy8w6GKAHDjeBUKkJoV8orpXWWe_0K35CB0qsI_PJ2zECs7a7MuayF-gxRUQMerDwhZEpjA0UuExE-hQc1MmOGgLPefAw_LccRuHnAyphS3GSzmAb5NBGAsK1jmdaPrefZjz8MoNPr4-1F4utDWmagnG51HEiG=s1821" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1821" data-original-width="1443" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlEBjpZ8Ihsp-H95CiP0TmBmhEu7iy8w6GKAHDjeBUKkJoV8orpXWWe_0K35CB0qsI_PJ2zECs7a7MuayF-gxRUQMerDwhZEpjA0UuExE-hQc1MmOGgLPefAw_LccRuHnAyphS3GSzmAb5NBGAsK1jmdaPrefZjz8MoNPr4-1F4utDWmagnG51HEiG=w508-h640" width="508" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With a puffer fish</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgffTZY1mgml-ryN9F6AA07o6ClISLrp30_DGU8q5ADbGzg0R8e6hCciumg6wwvoTe2XkICgpu36qxpI496P1CnkAlBDJIcdRVsJbjkK-lBBWHkrkNMFhH5UxUr37h6GvaQqd5mAIYBb1Kq3SUI7cYGFEWPnq5mjzragFxym5Iwlk4cumWyQLZ9bHVG=s1620" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1620" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgffTZY1mgml-ryN9F6AA07o6ClISLrp30_DGU8q5ADbGzg0R8e6hCciumg6wwvoTe2XkICgpu36qxpI496P1CnkAlBDJIcdRVsJbjkK-lBBWHkrkNMFhH5UxUr37h6GvaQqd5mAIYBb1Kq3SUI7cYGFEWPnq5mjzragFxym5Iwlk4cumWyQLZ9bHVG=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhvkutei9Vejn_OQ8zQdZJhwFkGNEPV6EOE-DEWwwMv568rvq_h9QLYVqOygCeS-xHhSQp1dCvd5ZsXdHay-g8cN4WInvmEAd0qXY--HtNlwThQ-9R65Dgt_ZxZ3z7MgRXWC_6Q8Qig_7Vv3j2Su2wBzHER-RYf5J-bMtA7BsDyrpPPl_7NBi-R_q49=s1620" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1133" data-original-width="1620" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhvkutei9Vejn_OQ8zQdZJhwFkGNEPV6EOE-DEWwwMv568rvq_h9QLYVqOygCeS-xHhSQp1dCvd5ZsXdHay-g8cN4WInvmEAd0qXY--HtNlwThQ-9R65Dgt_ZxZ3z7MgRXWC_6Q8Qig_7Vv3j2Su2wBzHER-RYf5J-bMtA7BsDyrpPPl_7NBi-R_q49=w640-h448" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitOHtq1II4G_Er9XM4s7NoCBwBlNNFKvi4pg5H86sS2yWZOn42gMzCcc_21Bkiu-SZ81Iq70xFTjzvgbWVTy27PW2SL6OSKzR_6bncr94KwZwddjp2klp_NwggrWLRFZAIpnXE03RsXFXSpbqNfY0bevs3tnBRYYqRdSAbN6aOAPQzwsRmDxI3VUCt=s2000" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="2000" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitOHtq1II4G_Er9XM4s7NoCBwBlNNFKvi4pg5H86sS2yWZOn42gMzCcc_21Bkiu-SZ81Iq70xFTjzvgbWVTy27PW2SL6OSKzR_6bncr94KwZwddjp2klp_NwggrWLRFZAIpnXE03RsXFXSpbqNfY0bevs3tnBRYYqRdSAbN6aOAPQzwsRmDxI3VUCt=w640-h432" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyNNLXxwHewihx9W-Av-J7PjzGuEGTJxzYjgIboXG0uanhhhPiZQIIukGYKxa26ClcxgpIM9bVLaPKG8YhTgwgDX0C1LCWKxyDqXb-BmcxD438vEyTVm-_uMdBB9ThFQ-EgJgE3CK99Sq5voJb4BvNM2zpCY_SDBxmqOiKzfU4WdPoHDeTAr_Qp7lD=s2019" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1346" data-original-width="2019" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyNNLXxwHewihx9W-Av-J7PjzGuEGTJxzYjgIboXG0uanhhhPiZQIIukGYKxa26ClcxgpIM9bVLaPKG8YhTgwgDX0C1LCWKxyDqXb-BmcxD438vEyTVm-_uMdBB9ThFQ-EgJgE3CK99Sq5voJb4BvNM2zpCY_SDBxmqOiKzfU4WdPoHDeTAr_Qp7lD=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpUlq70x9_AXbAEK2AYnHnvgl5f3dpo08Kv2hmc9RhydE_uG5cnK06eNcJ7_juyahuXCH0UhvHKNwKhJjTbtYC-XdsXo5KtYjtXHgl1HrYUVaSUGNQzitwkNPe1s94l5EUU8Ip9l4rFQ41sqNkIVuJPjvFD7i5p5OAnffQUXtGhhmlKLx-wQDlnQD0=s2000" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1670" data-original-width="2000" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpUlq70x9_AXbAEK2AYnHnvgl5f3dpo08Kv2hmc9RhydE_uG5cnK06eNcJ7_juyahuXCH0UhvHKNwKhJjTbtYC-XdsXo5KtYjtXHgl1HrYUVaSUGNQzitwkNPe1s94l5EUU8Ip9l4rFQ41sqNkIVuJPjvFD7i5p5OAnffQUXtGhhmlKLx-wQDlnQD0=w640-h534" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghWm5aZSzgMVvvFfDC1CnJ0gYuenKgY4rqd2PjxRLZqArT7Ujsz0G7PpWeOBAtnxJvrJQfw8ipSEYESm_wPoEpnrYQyCUGSKIeNUl0rztu15PjC5p6CMJIfKuAyhuPcLBcFd65Y2WWY6VqhY31qakxuZcBClctql7DOOY7SsCHpF4IlRr3EBESxOLo=s1692" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1692" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghWm5aZSzgMVvvFfDC1CnJ0gYuenKgY4rqd2PjxRLZqArT7Ujsz0G7PpWeOBAtnxJvrJQfw8ipSEYESm_wPoEpnrYQyCUGSKIeNUl0rztu15PjC5p6CMJIfKuAyhuPcLBcFd65Y2WWY6VqhY31qakxuZcBClctql7DOOY7SsCHpF4IlRr3EBESxOLo=w640-h452" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another puffer fish</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEinuDx_6wBV4pO_4ChDVPnnAJWG5Rn00aNfeWA2BO5Kc6HAmIys3C5sxCoT9PcH1Zy4qi0ppfc1K7OmRn3RVqSXTQk3nKb0c0KwkhXRanEXtD6vk-bFyEiaFGrX4nAa0B8k290sWg4FbOLeRg75wdktCs-NR2LdMIjbFF8SMm9o0ThCBrBs4tMl0nSE=s1231" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="821" data-original-width="1231" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEinuDx_6wBV4pO_4ChDVPnnAJWG5Rn00aNfeWA2BO5Kc6HAmIys3C5sxCoT9PcH1Zy4qi0ppfc1K7OmRn3RVqSXTQk3nKb0c0KwkhXRanEXtD6vk-bFyEiaFGrX4nAa0B8k290sWg4FbOLeRg75wdktCs-NR2LdMIjbFF8SMm9o0ThCBrBs4tMl0nSE=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Nesting and Breeding</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">White-bellied Sea Eagles invest an immense amount of energy into breeding; raising young occupies much of their activities for six to seven months of the year.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This species is monogamous. The local pair have a large permanent nest tucked into the forest around Pearl Hill ridge. Around late November they can be seen flying with large branches to enhance the nest. The egg-laying platform is lined with vegetation and leaves and constantly added to. Around the end of the year the adult pair perform skillful displays of flying such as diving, gliding and chasing each other while calling loudly. They mirror each other, flying 2-3m apart and copy each other swooping and swerving. They also perform a talon-grappling display where the pair will fly high before one flips upside down and tries to grapple the other's talon with its own. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtVv4hGau7xOGl_UOZqbYT9a6CO3X82n5OqiMCxhL1aqX2GPvhACK-F4gibqWmL4R1Sxn0MtK-W1oXYOndkd-lGm5f0vWf2Mh-tEfibs6vH3ko4l9C9NIaUyaglwaEJxdUz7MVZxbSKsD9iovS4wlnuvVwvNPNBcYm2k_kJpo-akQvgfHkUX94xqm2=s2062" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1375" data-original-width="2062" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtVv4hGau7xOGl_UOZqbYT9a6CO3X82n5OqiMCxhL1aqX2GPvhACK-F4gibqWmL4R1Sxn0MtK-W1oXYOndkd-lGm5f0vWf2Mh-tEfibs6vH3ko4l9C9NIaUyaglwaEJxdUz7MVZxbSKsD9iovS4wlnuvVwvNPNBcYm2k_kJpo-akQvgfHkUX94xqm2=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgK3SzEFWQ7pyeBFrcEsk5O1GKmAg8Ito1coox27rscqzdIGuv1sGjXqYEtaP7D2XKDkSkSxI9j_eqwQInjx4d9W1tQqCTPA32gtnog5ew2pfgGf7ytJVRIXnz7kJVNqLwN-KWR1enLW6xffv_GQpdj4UsV0RhNn1gPjm9x2dbO_6Q5uQzdJ9bWYSVm=s1929" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1929" data-original-width="1790" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgK3SzEFWQ7pyeBFrcEsk5O1GKmAg8Ito1coox27rscqzdIGuv1sGjXqYEtaP7D2XKDkSkSxI9j_eqwQInjx4d9W1tQqCTPA32gtnog5ew2pfgGf7ytJVRIXnz7kJVNqLwN-KWR1enLW6xffv_GQpdj4UsV0RhNn1gPjm9x2dbO_6Q5uQzdJ9bWYSVm=w594-h640" width="594" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-5FSIQMvSphVTICluodHrWir-frM2J0bQyAnmGMOYPq-gX-An9Mc1Xq7re9z_4__etLiK9BBDt7EOXefpJe7T91WoF9m9825NvDawSuUzsCHQDqv6g9rBEcTAsnGlYezp6ZYa3LiUbL7Z77v01yBRJKQkAfQPMcpJrpW9WpknWoGeQzJA-YtQh_9p=s1620" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1081" data-original-width="1620" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-5FSIQMvSphVTICluodHrWir-frM2J0bQyAnmGMOYPq-gX-An9Mc1Xq7re9z_4__etLiK9BBDt7EOXefpJe7T91WoF9m9825NvDawSuUzsCHQDqv6g9rBEcTAsnGlYezp6ZYa3LiUbL7Z77v01yBRJKQkAfQPMcpJrpW9WpknWoGeQzJA-YtQh_9p=w640-h428" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Carrying soft vegetation to line the egg cavity.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiVwJps0BQyZPnnkuGHnGrWLdF3ZB2Znahx77buSh9hn1hRSwDLzSzAaUutWDGotafbiya0DAzuojFI1xOLV_KDxqGndaAZKTHOh_AohJ_JzJmBJbawDifNwvV9fWGJTRHyI_4To73kezS_cxpdhU1FFfy9Tlsr9ItS7cet3B-5bNU4j5NgtQxDE_9L=s1446" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1446" data-original-width="964" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiVwJps0BQyZPnnkuGHnGrWLdF3ZB2Znahx77buSh9hn1hRSwDLzSzAaUutWDGotafbiya0DAzuojFI1xOLV_KDxqGndaAZKTHOh_AohJ_JzJmBJbawDifNwvV9fWGJTRHyI_4To73kezS_cxpdhU1FFfy9Tlsr9ItS7cet3B-5bNU4j5NgtQxDE_9L=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_PKIHiEQT9921My9ZGpVeZn_j3cqiPhrjVdRz6GWTMzj76JoMVPo3hCdAtvU0NonXEyHTIeExFlVSSG8msd-DZJ-OO8nTqIlRpzAx2bz9wJRBDOt6eMFgx2peBs4VWaU-xduaQT8ZaeTIivbk8ulsrhAJ-IKfVT9YjCwpLlGj7PChQkaoN2IZDGjv=s789" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="789" data-original-width="526" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_PKIHiEQT9921My9ZGpVeZn_j3cqiPhrjVdRz6GWTMzj76JoMVPo3hCdAtvU0NonXEyHTIeExFlVSSG8msd-DZJ-OO8nTqIlRpzAx2bz9wJRBDOt6eMFgx2peBs4VWaU-xduaQT8ZaeTIivbk8ulsrhAJ-IKfVT9YjCwpLlGj7PChQkaoN2IZDGjv=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgGRmO4cwspH7ystzkH0UCGLxptuTZ9jrvZ6mQcs93v7cSJIjQGYAcYmy2xF-6ZjPpaZTUi9EgA80CeQQsOUGQ8SvhF-tskIA361mYNV10FqN3klEPhWaIzlAXlX-f9bM2M9WaIEE9vnV6g__wBhJP5dyK_YEuzpqtlV1LtBDFEK9ZgGjUTsAQnBQzK=s1596" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1596" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgGRmO4cwspH7ystzkH0UCGLxptuTZ9jrvZ6mQcs93v7cSJIjQGYAcYmy2xF-6ZjPpaZTUi9EgA80CeQQsOUGQ8SvhF-tskIA361mYNV10FqN3klEPhWaIzlAXlX-f9bM2M9WaIEE9vnV6g__wBhJP5dyK_YEuzpqtlV1LtBDFEK9ZgGjUTsAQnBQzK=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiw3_lxYEGOTXJ6fHJpS38ZiSu6L6sNFQMlcU6ECf2BEVdyUc4lxF-TpVQCDxItoLF9iTkjrKyZ5iHRxtxcrcIKTMNOCkAqc1TgCNWnsiO5w9qxKsKcYcnvv5fDTz9pQMoBL8PuranTR0ojwa3c2k1WicQWCinW7Nbl4Frn3tERaMoO-FD1CV23MDmx=s1852" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1495" data-original-width="1852" height="516" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiw3_lxYEGOTXJ6fHJpS38ZiSu6L6sNFQMlcU6ECf2BEVdyUc4lxF-TpVQCDxItoLF9iTkjrKyZ5iHRxtxcrcIKTMNOCkAqc1TgCNWnsiO5w9qxKsKcYcnvv5fDTz9pQMoBL8PuranTR0ojwa3c2k1WicQWCinW7Nbl4Frn3tERaMoO-FD1CV23MDmx=w640-h516" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mating occurs near the nest and after which 1 or 2 eggs are laid. The incubation period is six weeks. During this time the two sexes will take turns sitting on the nest while the other one hunts. Changeovers are spectacular.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgO1efDbqCnMm3RHw-PCQKvLq9Y2N5-LX_NuSRH3slq2k2eEsYZkYOdLziPhoXwGe0onS4DnTuX-Tx5fRKC3H8GGIZBWlMO6PQtftniKePb-m1Ey_IXTsHkyAZlTRe0e827mYmTDF0ZWR9hQjc2pSY6VATAX11cRV91fBAcxo9uOEK9AYlK5GEYvB5=s2288" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1503" data-original-width="2288" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgO1efDbqCnMm3RHw-PCQKvLq9Y2N5-LX_NuSRH3slq2k2eEsYZkYOdLziPhoXwGe0onS4DnTuX-Tx5fRKC3H8GGIZBWlMO6PQtftniKePb-m1Ey_IXTsHkyAZlTRe0e827mYmTDF0ZWR9hQjc2pSY6VATAX11cRV91fBAcxo9uOEK9AYlK5GEYvB5=w640-h420" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">When the eaglet(s) emerge they are covered in white down. For most of this next 6 months the female tends the chicks while the male hunts or stands guard nearby or flies above the nest.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">He will dive on intruders such as the image below (multiple exposure)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhhWHRg19sapfx2jSkoJklP9iD8qvlc_FO1_WF0F2caTUPsRRHbNEEAuLrkAA7x_DGGq66rSktfVRxoh-1LbIu_5dARKT25Z6kLzD1uVIGrSzKRheGv_7fgXOCTq7hwhrZAtQyt6gkjLcieAOElWJxqUht3ib_ugHi2Y-gNDc3JQeT9VtvyZqQx8dq=s2630" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2630" data-original-width="1753" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhhWHRg19sapfx2jSkoJklP9iD8qvlc_FO1_WF0F2caTUPsRRHbNEEAuLrkAA7x_DGGq66rSktfVRxoh-1LbIu_5dARKT25Z6kLzD1uVIGrSzKRheGv_7fgXOCTq7hwhrZAtQyt6gkjLcieAOElWJxqUht3ib_ugHi2Y-gNDc3JQeT9VtvyZqQx8dq=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgD6TjB7zQ0sgJXETN4-siU4Hgf5Duas50Kuu1gVfYOfyDQ62ZqApVe1vbDOP2p50BUDFufImpduJDm2vB0ZVoI8KhtzszXg558owIoqUefBzUJ82XcQGSICZiN2WOp0pjcCf_Ek7Kl68vo48vqqBB3a2MK0B0C-EyZ5q2KjhvLEvYjHSOM1RWW8FYs=s1897" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1897" data-original-width="1280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgD6TjB7zQ0sgJXETN4-siU4Hgf5Duas50Kuu1gVfYOfyDQ62ZqApVe1vbDOP2p50BUDFufImpduJDm2vB0ZVoI8KhtzszXg558owIoqUefBzUJ82XcQGSICZiN2WOp0pjcCf_Ek7Kl68vo48vqqBB3a2MK0B0C-EyZ5q2KjhvLEvYjHSOM1RWW8FYs=w432-h640" width="432" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The chicks are fed with a constant stream of food and will be close to the size of the parents when they fledge.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhJIiPpiO1u8gdU5lXM1QJvnRxMwv5kaUGILbR_AbR8KGLZTDMrRwwQL_cp-auhkgO4glTbeOuDGQM5Gi1bV_1XPU1EMejWv57OJehsJOySupti_sE6Ap0XP9LBXqUOcaz4YiAf_0PmFENPMNXvBGNel20XD4WlesuCrbbDwx54f4VDEvBAgrJKjIT6=s5796" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3834" data-original-width="5796" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhJIiPpiO1u8gdU5lXM1QJvnRxMwv5kaUGILbR_AbR8KGLZTDMrRwwQL_cp-auhkgO4glTbeOuDGQM5Gi1bV_1XPU1EMejWv57OJehsJOySupti_sE6Ap0XP9LBXqUOcaz4YiAf_0PmFENPMNXvBGNel20XD4WlesuCrbbDwx54f4VDEvBAgrJKjIT6=w640-h424" width="640" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The progress to fledging is summarised in the following composite image.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiVxiFmUfs8zvlQtLlhmt8XYDbMyYLfN-UtrUy6lIKgclA3TtlHEGuD6WgUm_zvAyFRQ8vFVdF7POJSzrMH4UkvYODNpcnB7cmU8FaLTI0jcBZL55Yp0nklWbxqrLWiUmntEeT90VUg59SbRH2F9wUwVYNr8QaLP8uF4u1zV3yZqiiNfFIKQ5qw-9n0=s1199" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="915" data-original-width="1199" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiVxiFmUfs8zvlQtLlhmt8XYDbMyYLfN-UtrUy6lIKgclA3TtlHEGuD6WgUm_zvAyFRQ8vFVdF7POJSzrMH4UkvYODNpcnB7cmU8FaLTI0jcBZL55Yp0nklWbxqrLWiUmntEeT90VUg59SbRH2F9wUwVYNr8QaLP8uF4u1zV3yZqiiNfFIKQ5qw-9n0=w640-h488" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Locally, I have observed nesting for 3 seasons. The return is not very good with nesting aborted on two of these years. One year it appeared that a storm displaced some of the finer branches and lining at the top of the nest. The nest is very exposed both to intense sunlight and from high winds and torrential rain. in 2021 the nest came under attack from a juvenile, which was attacked by the male near the nest and met a very stout defense by the female at the nest. A week after this attack the nest was abandoned for that year.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeMc6e5aL41yeFy_J2ri0klVmm1NxCY1BsZKFIkYGSvrJmeMyQudQGtRUYNZm3PIkzFJcOfHJz_41iWPknB3N6ZUM0ojhsWmFmz3_5yBzY8NYR2dGKRfT36naXLo0ssD-8zq_frmeXqwf0ztrUoBP07Pt5R6yl_nrmPrFouSoOWw1GgpSEOxRLg4zx=s2000" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1257" data-original-width="2000" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeMc6e5aL41yeFy_J2ri0klVmm1NxCY1BsZKFIkYGSvrJmeMyQudQGtRUYNZm3PIkzFJcOfHJz_41iWPknB3N6ZUM0ojhsWmFmz3_5yBzY8NYR2dGKRfT36naXLo0ssD-8zq_frmeXqwf0ztrUoBP07Pt5R6yl_nrmPrFouSoOWw1GgpSEOxRLg4zx=w640-h402" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3S6XsBMHQmPukAqFgOPSOz26uepd2Pgm7vX7gWYPXj44BDm-THeC0QufsIMEsLdKprACPs2qMfAdpdwNfv5RIPyldaSyqC1-Cr3yGtGzE2-PX9CfzCV4iB9dsO5BxcQJNpTbWFoI0xWzDrLBwu-INR4Z-wfasYQPZhZ7UZnLJfKyjZh0Cll0GOOQf=s2000" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3S6XsBMHQmPukAqFgOPSOz26uepd2Pgm7vX7gWYPXj44BDm-THeC0QufsIMEsLdKprACPs2qMfAdpdwNfv5RIPyldaSyqC1-Cr3yGtGzE2-PX9CfzCV4iB9dsO5BxcQJNpTbWFoI0xWzDrLBwu-INR4Z-wfasYQPZhZ7UZnLJfKyjZh0Cll0GOOQf=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2n2GUAW0LT808CCU5p2vSBv6wzywhi1Ot9-hM7kTkSIdLTz53Gb9BPt6Ft1NzBCpKNxb1E5rKTYdczCz4HICljSAW2h0zV9HI9QBx3d3c1lcl052rHMldqXzLA_MrUC75fHJESWv_JwunnlKk-WEL_kbK5_lBTnjnoo83DtqvulgXI9YxYiOZBR-h=s2000" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2n2GUAW0LT808CCU5p2vSBv6wzywhi1Ot9-hM7kTkSIdLTz53Gb9BPt6Ft1NzBCpKNxb1E5rKTYdczCz4HICljSAW2h0zV9HI9QBx3d3c1lcl052rHMldqXzLA_MrUC75fHJESWv_JwunnlKk-WEL_kbK5_lBTnjnoo83DtqvulgXI9YxYiOZBR-h=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Population Number</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></b></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">According to the IUCN Red List, the total White-bellied sea eagle population size is around 1,000-10,000 individuals, which is around 670-6,700 breeding pairs. Currently this species is classified at Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List BUT its numbers are decreasing. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The nesting failures I have observed do not seem due to human interference but preservation of forests and suitable nesting trees is essential for their long-term survival.</span></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-68401627078467144782022-03-10T13:47:00.000-08:002022-03-10T13:47:23.424-08:00Dusky Langurs; A primate with personality and a candidate to be Malaysia's National Animal<p style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: arial;">This is intended to be mainly a photographic essay detailing the personality of the Dusky Langur species. I have written previous blogs examining the species and why the babies are orange. This species is almost exclusive to Malaysia with a slight spillover into Thailand and Myanmar. The current National animal is the Malayan Tiger, which is not a particularly unique species and various Malaysians have done their best to exterminate it from the country. The Dusky Langur is heading in the same direction......all I am saying is embrace this novel species and preserve it for posterity.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is a visual look at the primate with personality.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPwwF68l7Ans5i8sXR8VzxJHsbp0MbI_wkzOUZrhUUyXDxI6UUwFlQbEvwefNS66czIJY0zQ9l4iOhM5S2DNDFtOVVyIveR0OQ3tzJHpoea7D9Kq2H4Pu-6MFBn6XxbsrQVzTyhNTHsGFDHVEt34pbNsFMjKgZqstSeqSAx_2of2vbW6DF4vqmKxlZ=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1028" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPwwF68l7Ans5i8sXR8VzxJHsbp0MbI_wkzOUZrhUUyXDxI6UUwFlQbEvwefNS66czIJY0zQ9l4iOhM5S2DNDFtOVVyIveR0OQ3tzJHpoea7D9Kq2H4Pu-6MFBn6XxbsrQVzTyhNTHsGFDHVEt34pbNsFMjKgZqstSeqSAx_2of2vbW6DF4vqmKxlZ=w438-h640" width="438" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Infant support</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7tYZuUeCjdI6rj2rVGvMSQ2CmDDQINxsUqRlZErNibebekmvaQ9VBVrTG-E12iJC0hik3R7lQ7chbQOcENf9UfGXpqJ280Q-uPuWYnd-qtYO6N4T2h6E6MfkEvzFhwF3WaCTOGjv50t3jXveMsM4_gWXmmAUfANvK-MNNlsLn2mah_AGrVWXIE4YJ=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1062" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7tYZuUeCjdI6rj2rVGvMSQ2CmDDQINxsUqRlZErNibebekmvaQ9VBVrTG-E12iJC0hik3R7lQ7chbQOcENf9UfGXpqJ280Q-uPuWYnd-qtYO6N4T2h6E6MfkEvzFhwF3WaCTOGjv50t3jXveMsM4_gWXmmAUfANvK-MNNlsLn2mah_AGrVWXIE4YJ=w454-h640" width="454" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Prankster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi1KkNJ8swfU1qIFByVus5q7fS-lzXxJ9euUBNsAuKBYkqpdk7FsKDqud38gewQbGfcXx9Dr4yzNNDNP9vC7kyvP1cUv0ADIm4tJ25ALfXP7NeKOFMUb1iro5VC4OKWRa5mCumkbAqaFnGQo1JrbpCGPsDlUFZE0dcoZqZ5U0kAaxISf37o9S-lH9yb=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1097" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi1KkNJ8swfU1qIFByVus5q7fS-lzXxJ9euUBNsAuKBYkqpdk7FsKDqud38gewQbGfcXx9Dr4yzNNDNP9vC7kyvP1cUv0ADIm4tJ25ALfXP7NeKOFMUb1iro5VC4OKWRa5mCumkbAqaFnGQo1JrbpCGPsDlUFZE0dcoZqZ5U0kAaxISf37o9S-lH9yb=w438-h640" width="438" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Automobile assessor</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOpM2ahXSU446P-ywaqOrXtRLJBwDBQFGcxayj6bnjm-B3VV4qFrfvaw-SVlPPhW4T0JtWO0DyAAiXz_tmkOWa6dMTfyUrdUY1x6IJowK8jyU509fUQGrdKDsHgIIXzOB3jKA1p2_RAhbYorg8Bk199W_Kep90n6d0xHxsb9jUVsWyqS1Ok126uJkz=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOpM2ahXSU446P-ywaqOrXtRLJBwDBQFGcxayj6bnjm-B3VV4qFrfvaw-SVlPPhW4T0JtWO0DyAAiXz_tmkOWa6dMTfyUrdUY1x6IJowK8jyU509fUQGrdKDsHgIIXzOB3jKA1p2_RAhbYorg8Bk199W_Kep90n6d0xHxsb9jUVsWyqS1Ok126uJkz=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sun worshipper</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg0WAz_OGDl25xFSBUD0i4D9B1DFaoMoN5B7HqIxYWF0UTG9pCiTfOZknBJWX_WfIxtDndGMycygevbP2sko-j9XsJLfvekeYWy3KZs-oEtUfgWEyPOKQvnt8pTiy_exVrxkzYjN12RavtvP8apIMbl_NeepW0PAj10KiQw-UXkgmIf2bH4j0F-T23k=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1066" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg0WAz_OGDl25xFSBUD0i4D9B1DFaoMoN5B7HqIxYWF0UTG9pCiTfOZknBJWX_WfIxtDndGMycygevbP2sko-j9XsJLfvekeYWy3KZs-oEtUfgWEyPOKQvnt8pTiy_exVrxkzYjN12RavtvP8apIMbl_NeepW0PAj10KiQw-UXkgmIf2bH4j0F-T23k=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lover</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzScpwId1_hgI3kvoAGDIoluyzyp41pvSJIumabufEQjKhEGghPGWIZ91mlIoXFW5mpF4qJKrbd4OtiXst7LArnM2zIBGbdh30Db8T0TIvvjfDosIIWoRwSWaH_VNhoxxbG8TajTkevFZCroKp8YfUkM3rhoJ11O3QWj7OPNqVlnaW_T4vxUzMXnc-=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzScpwId1_hgI3kvoAGDIoluyzyp41pvSJIumabufEQjKhEGghPGWIZ91mlIoXFW5mpF4qJKrbd4OtiXst7LArnM2zIBGbdh30Db8T0TIvvjfDosIIWoRwSWaH_VNhoxxbG8TajTkevFZCroKp8YfUkM3rhoJ11O3QWj7OPNqVlnaW_T4vxUzMXnc-=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comforter</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHtFGJ4XGNmgsYLZNmaYGOOSbdY1JERDBcZiwLCoRzJzFEBazxoXRvE9butBK_-GtLycE12YvS9vVnRn_qLSpymte-r7TbeqEvBbnTAwqotJGW3NBgWXMCdeczcjKAoAVfFipKcQuSCWheXN1fMWmSuXTOjjrtzShxS56k1PYQ--EURDZymMjMhPJ8=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHtFGJ4XGNmgsYLZNmaYGOOSbdY1JERDBcZiwLCoRzJzFEBazxoXRvE9butBK_-GtLycE12YvS9vVnRn_qLSpymte-r7TbeqEvBbnTAwqotJGW3NBgWXMCdeczcjKAoAVfFipKcQuSCWheXN1fMWmSuXTOjjrtzShxS56k1PYQ--EURDZymMjMhPJ8=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mother</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgT3ff8XpSM-QOpP1hKnihxtbv7UZLbJkHNCLXYfLYceUUq56Cq9--85IAHM8Q1IkdzAbO89gwHbc0IKL93NNNiAufNixqHXVu1leWXum-h_kHEfxujdnRd5tvJirBCEEqz2NDXFaLA8pNp5TbeEnsNkOX07W6cbih4DqwMtT2B8gqomoD8wo5VdkEg=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgT3ff8XpSM-QOpP1hKnihxtbv7UZLbJkHNCLXYfLYceUUq56Cq9--85IAHM8Q1IkdzAbO89gwHbc0IKL93NNNiAufNixqHXVu1leWXum-h_kHEfxujdnRd5tvJirBCEEqz2NDXFaLA8pNp5TbeEnsNkOX07W6cbih4DqwMtT2B8gqomoD8wo5VdkEg=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Voyeur</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtKmZE4RCQtsBbDXjIcIr_dcoZM00FQJniWBEWw-SRugSCp85jPaS0dzt1t8U8WFouf_0erjjMEnHHKOC4x828scj-2Gy2TqGlqkF9HIAdjITiZ0nD5m3dsBHpOO33bYNrRTPO-JwAYQ_5K69Xqz10KZg0dXEMGH1UxB_UUDezv0MYcM1iFuylsgCj=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtKmZE4RCQtsBbDXjIcIr_dcoZM00FQJniWBEWw-SRugSCp85jPaS0dzt1t8U8WFouf_0erjjMEnHHKOC4x828scj-2Gy2TqGlqkF9HIAdjITiZ0nD5m3dsBHpOO33bYNrRTPO-JwAYQ_5K69Xqz10KZg0dXEMGH1UxB_UUDezv0MYcM1iFuylsgCj=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lumberjack</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgS-Eglyq3egO5U7vl3llQBwOTIpMGfzjR7kjvofA17TF7hGzp537zfas_AKiUNJxp4YjIy-NS0XxxOyJfsYl6ATAFD67GAsm3VMd-IMWoLR7mxI8bKd8Fyl85jv7yCRY_Ty-rjCX3_1s9YHGkChI61Pu3qsl7QuKbAtRNrn7BaIifSBfBhhWXJLcCu=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgS-Eglyq3egO5U7vl3llQBwOTIpMGfzjR7kjvofA17TF7hGzp537zfas_AKiUNJxp4YjIy-NS0XxxOyJfsYl6ATAFD67GAsm3VMd-IMWoLR7mxI8bKd8Fyl85jv7yCRY_Ty-rjCX3_1s9YHGkChI61Pu3qsl7QuKbAtRNrn7BaIifSBfBhhWXJLcCu=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Safety inspector</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_l7YL6TKV2U_Q8OzuzA1h5g0bicieKvW7RIzj6kagneX0MWPtoxZsZWKO1fWkw-SxNvXGF0eAku5wGqDLjvOX8OCSqg10eWwKJDQZl3OM4H6-ikEBR3RgafVWFdmcUb2JCkAbKdQXKkeUZBLSisbpgw_weo94_-GYZ0B8SIvDuuZ2MLv7MV65n_fa=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1022" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_l7YL6TKV2U_Q8OzuzA1h5g0bicieKvW7RIzj6kagneX0MWPtoxZsZWKO1fWkw-SxNvXGF0eAku5wGqDLjvOX8OCSqg10eWwKJDQZl3OM4H6-ikEBR3RgafVWFdmcUb2JCkAbKdQXKkeUZBLSisbpgw_weo94_-GYZ0B8SIvDuuZ2MLv7MV65n_fa=w436-h640" width="436" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Motion detector</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSDftXFR917hShFfiVf3_xfcowX4vlLJ88tQ27eeSPevITE9ZxUCdPqC_SlMvw3NqOgTywyv_Ya8RDQ8qlKuQDagTptg3tdFm7MUlxp1JuYZ9Q2mO7csVV6L2lJq5bDYClRFr_KeZr7e29a6BYTZcrvaI7YEPK0egclt36yTVDRChTmpx6FW4Zljur=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1066" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSDftXFR917hShFfiVf3_xfcowX4vlLJ88tQ27eeSPevITE9ZxUCdPqC_SlMvw3NqOgTywyv_Ya8RDQ8qlKuQDagTptg3tdFm7MUlxp1JuYZ9Q2mO7csVV6L2lJq5bDYClRFr_KeZr7e29a6BYTZcrvaI7YEPK0egclt36yTVDRChTmpx6FW4Zljur=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comedian</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgxF8O-wqlju2rPVuxGAXl544Ma_bu4lUs9oEzt28A473JczaMySnEDgUdO9MAUMBfJ1EbFxj1i-317lJ--hTEbr0HSLcYgCE67pRdFkOEQAFF6lC7Aa4qYvdrjyl-DwsqeuPBiw9DGsBcKJr7ZKWizMjiry95f4jZZ4aItXNKvbgojtodfCJnk0Ydg=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1169" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgxF8O-wqlju2rPVuxGAXl544Ma_bu4lUs9oEzt28A473JczaMySnEDgUdO9MAUMBfJ1EbFxj1i-317lJ--hTEbr0HSLcYgCE67pRdFkOEQAFF6lC7Aa4qYvdrjyl-DwsqeuPBiw9DGsBcKJr7ZKWizMjiry95f4jZZ4aItXNKvbgojtodfCJnk0Ydg=w468-h640" width="468" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Joke teller</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjV_DOKmbvRU8hHOODDvh7oaQBkfAo54feiaYH1uMMyRAC0Q99Q7Vd3ORnoJBUNLGJYp_oGGageoOrQ_EVL62hIE6ILD2aezDDw2zL5O00dSx0aQDsACnhx6MzxayaWVv97KBL4_mE6GrJCuQ7FJJ5nNgockadO7iYU5ELm8i22iPX64degMyrctJXJ=s1327" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1327" data-original-width="885" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjV_DOKmbvRU8hHOODDvh7oaQBkfAo54feiaYH1uMMyRAC0Q99Q7Vd3ORnoJBUNLGJYp_oGGageoOrQ_EVL62hIE6ILD2aezDDw2zL5O00dSx0aQDsACnhx6MzxayaWVv97KBL4_mE6GrJCuQ7FJJ5nNgockadO7iYU5ELm8i22iPX64degMyrctJXJ=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Parkour proponent</span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_eiopf8ZuSo60tZMSDcQU2KVysdRtDTp0RCuWfHgQYwSU-mYltmfYqsudKHj6D4iqG8QT_uyQ30KX-gzEU_6xZUdYiLAwgCw9TEnQy02E9iY7-SPfNdVWBJSTjSGLnipGJL3I-O3FhQ8Y_TRGmfVS20ipDN55AIXkC_SOs9oc_NQYVndXqjZmYc-w=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_eiopf8ZuSo60tZMSDcQU2KVysdRtDTp0RCuWfHgQYwSU-mYltmfYqsudKHj6D4iqG8QT_uyQ30KX-gzEU_6xZUdYiLAwgCw9TEnQy02E9iY7-SPfNdVWBJSTjSGLnipGJL3I-O3FhQ8Y_TRGmfVS20ipDN55AIXkC_SOs9oc_NQYVndXqjZmYc-w=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fruit merchant</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIVYne9-5HnhCZF2sh3ZBqtDb7MBT2TH5Nv8zx3Yw-iE_toRqm_zQJF-yCU_EVhZc-jTcIuRLxDh9vKS_JDCZX7xLKvCuSY5Pv5wr5eGvXUCj1DkA9DlzMJAsEBWRwB1hIIDVauGocNx4aJcatY3SxfsFAMlpCPQ5lQhv_mQTYznJ2aRkXmVVg-LR6=s1920" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIVYne9-5HnhCZF2sh3ZBqtDb7MBT2TH5Nv8zx3Yw-iE_toRqm_zQJF-yCU_EVhZc-jTcIuRLxDh9vKS_JDCZX7xLKvCuSY5Pv5wr5eGvXUCj1DkA9DlzMJAsEBWRwB1hIIDVauGocNx4aJcatY3SxfsFAMlpCPQ5lQhv_mQTYznJ2aRkXmVVg-LR6=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Child minder</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkkvYQ0zhiYXTtBL8hivSoTjAkoyxnnArj8E3AfYTIgxQ72MG-fh69IBT7ou8TixTYQk7SCfpDViHVIfKYlbxUqSJlK82ToQyjNQCpezF_U_WV0sMN0qGTnuf9iJzhqyB5ISvP7xbUiDb6YW0faN8aXMhEjlYD_1PL15p_1iaKTfGaA-xt8WuQgea3=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1069" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkkvYQ0zhiYXTtBL8hivSoTjAkoyxnnArj8E3AfYTIgxQ72MG-fh69IBT7ou8TixTYQk7SCfpDViHVIfKYlbxUqSJlK82ToQyjNQCpezF_U_WV0sMN0qGTnuf9iJzhqyB5ISvP7xbUiDb6YW0faN8aXMhEjlYD_1PL15p_1iaKTfGaA-xt8WuQgea3=w456-h640" width="456" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">High jumper</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrLpoNwqwTmwxVIpKMN9eLqQPybsm21A-sVRazdrY6AJbU9bsooAv9XZpKoQBApophrRiJqUQgLCRfvNaPmXYo4TEatFZrAtbL3Wk-kDJvM7R1Y--0BUgFeOdiaJs7HezVZnltWyZ4IW66XvMwuSMxTlpRvjkJ69Aw9blGL9lpEYq6NebwELzgbZpd=s3648" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3648" data-original-width="3111" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrLpoNwqwTmwxVIpKMN9eLqQPybsm21A-sVRazdrY6AJbU9bsooAv9XZpKoQBApophrRiJqUQgLCRfvNaPmXYo4TEatFZrAtbL3Wk-kDJvM7R1Y--0BUgFeOdiaJs7HezVZnltWyZ4IW66XvMwuSMxTlpRvjkJ69Aw9blGL9lpEYq6NebwELzgbZpd=w546-h640" width="546" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Paint tester</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLRPIlr6sIxh5oKd0DJdfXPZZR9T_5_tXfdx42HTVM-1KwaSlayPy6BB_nO-GBOEInLzQ8BdfTAQGr0q473Z6U01EjIj_2BbgeomA-lhvGb5ez1IumSQWu2D8-Fn01DUbeouDM_Wj-dK5ITadWTfiZo9cBqEygqtGJy2QgBchQ7UptI4tobZsW0J-G=s3600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3600" data-original-width="2400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLRPIlr6sIxh5oKd0DJdfXPZZR9T_5_tXfdx42HTVM-1KwaSlayPy6BB_nO-GBOEInLzQ8BdfTAQGr0q473Z6U01EjIj_2BbgeomA-lhvGb5ez1IumSQWu2D8-Fn01DUbeouDM_Wj-dK5ITadWTfiZo9cBqEygqtGJy2QgBchQ7UptI4tobZsW0J-G=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Tightrope walker</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoDedhOVN_VG3j-wzd_5Ko8LVuqNdKcQgb_XyjXcqK1b8GJADmrVPf7_762v9y2Lbx1-Ye1BGKCj3UEdJAsSGTuqpVCMGgbpygmlazFzm8DZPmXU61lQWoAdlMkar7fA8spFLYK5hEiclmK0LJwX95rCUQBPUxCxrS7sKkwUoiKVCJzHvnhGiNWIrq=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1333" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoDedhOVN_VG3j-wzd_5Ko8LVuqNdKcQgb_XyjXcqK1b8GJADmrVPf7_762v9y2Lbx1-Ye1BGKCj3UEdJAsSGTuqpVCMGgbpygmlazFzm8DZPmXU61lQWoAdlMkar7fA8spFLYK5hEiclmK0LJwX95rCUQBPUxCxrS7sKkwUoiKVCJzHvnhGiNWIrq=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Meeting organizer</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHQuP8a6eYQOmgyCpVbccOXGdwvQFrfbjgNdxx9ANCENXKWFDk910QtYtJvUJX-A5r98F57jPY9WJb0Ul3gwhaHUVu5HS-DeBy-alPfan78HlmiLWaCrT45hd9r8q34IPSmXQizsLo2TieIJ76pK8_T-wdBFIzx17xFJ2eG2ukPH4MRBTHc3y6axE3=s2052" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2052" data-original-width="1368" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHQuP8a6eYQOmgyCpVbccOXGdwvQFrfbjgNdxx9ANCENXKWFDk910QtYtJvUJX-A5r98F57jPY9WJb0Ul3gwhaHUVu5HS-DeBy-alPfan78HlmiLWaCrT45hd9r8q34IPSmXQizsLo2TieIJ76pK8_T-wdBFIzx17xFJ2eG2ukPH4MRBTHc3y6axE3=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Swinger</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdVuWM9Flds0jgXa20hXtzDbdj2MxC0MmCKp2VW94KthjAhUpUUnGfNwWTTvlwbzTzi2SS1513Nf2jfrtwTly3FJRboIACS_J3oyxFAFcro1kguxX5gWTT55Y8kHrM238-r1lG3N3Z8Uwt2WJLQtPZnFClpa1h7OYm0g2HIRqrvwYS3uDsdY6o5aQV=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1364" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdVuWM9Flds0jgXa20hXtzDbdj2MxC0MmCKp2VW94KthjAhUpUUnGfNwWTTvlwbzTzi2SS1513Nf2jfrtwTly3FJRboIACS_J3oyxFAFcro1kguxX5gWTT55Y8kHrM238-r1lG3N3Z8Uwt2WJLQtPZnFClpa1h7OYm0g2HIRqrvwYS3uDsdY6o5aQV=w436-h640" width="436" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Astronomer</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhyHCJcsY9nUlAvVeBl5vKy8FNXQ7yrl39U-MLZ0tv7Fd89FFTBLrXeMKnQlaWw2QxwUc0pxNNtLrAUFfny7BoTccoXfRU-9GM13USTt1S5DjB8oLWy0v77apiyMD95plEu87F9Sc4-RvFyvASjz3vph-VMPd2xElG35XKKppj-qOUqVKFIpyq0bY4t=s1620" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1157" data-original-width="1620" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhyHCJcsY9nUlAvVeBl5vKy8FNXQ7yrl39U-MLZ0tv7Fd89FFTBLrXeMKnQlaWw2QxwUc0pxNNtLrAUFfny7BoTccoXfRU-9GM13USTt1S5DjB8oLWy0v77apiyMD95plEu87F9Sc4-RvFyvASjz3vph-VMPd2xElG35XKKppj-qOUqVKFIpyq0bY4t=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">David Attenborough equivalent</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiXff0Ool0KWuXWZhte0PD1E4fIqA_yMoKduurN7G5GJUuFwmxhxTXWCWNwwgjJaRFn_eNz1sQs5nwWfpfBavTGuSXiUsxcQIt6eXkXONSVjQMmNWx8DhDAw4WDsfyooGXwqJ-peFADpyuQUOxr7RYEfI0-oESAF0f6PcfsZrCUpgTUzkZA0SKn_nIh=s1620" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1620" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiXff0Ool0KWuXWZhte0PD1E4fIqA_yMoKduurN7G5GJUuFwmxhxTXWCWNwwgjJaRFn_eNz1sQs5nwWfpfBavTGuSXiUsxcQIt6eXkXONSVjQMmNWx8DhDAw4WDsfyooGXwqJ-peFADpyuQUOxr7RYEfI0-oESAF0f6PcfsZrCUpgTUzkZA0SKn_nIh=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Proctologist</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg6otnCRiT0BNe0F1gdPHSTApCbNllINZTfOOw3VxtOzhyP971v_O4OMFLU66QqA_SH168J22hzZYMqLJBMPZtAo-ytufGUlVosLNzPPO9rY5Is3uV_9PHq2M-1R8aaA9iXnFh0rZ_shgZvcun7qqrM01VMuPuJBfKjZPJUVlmkK6ZhMa7FbOHQg4cm=s1620" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1620" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg6otnCRiT0BNe0F1gdPHSTApCbNllINZTfOOw3VxtOzhyP971v_O4OMFLU66QqA_SH168J22hzZYMqLJBMPZtAo-ytufGUlVosLNzPPO9rY5Is3uV_9PHq2M-1R8aaA9iXnFh0rZ_shgZvcun7qqrM01VMuPuJBfKjZPJUVlmkK6ZhMa7FbOHQg4cm=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Electrical engineer</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijHuZO47QIRzWD6ucXR8hyTtccAsjBJZ8I-2GH1fMcelu0XcjDcCRJhB5kRl6xVyeYrJNielYjWTnfS5XbI29TLjJ-W1eePWxYojOUXMUctdk9a1NPCLqu8ljC5ZxsgbJ5o6mhSE2OZBpwnkxVQ3_VO4p4l0UiMpjgCLmQjzAipU2GQtWTkEIJLf-n=s1620" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="1620" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijHuZO47QIRzWD6ucXR8hyTtccAsjBJZ8I-2GH1fMcelu0XcjDcCRJhB5kRl6xVyeYrJNielYjWTnfS5XbI29TLjJ-W1eePWxYojOUXMUctdk9a1NPCLqu8ljC5ZxsgbJ5o6mhSE2OZBpwnkxVQ3_VO4p4l0UiMpjgCLmQjzAipU2GQtWTkEIJLf-n=w640-h476" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">United Nations delegate</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi47hSot9Nr4y8IQPzPnJlE9yj88rlXajPtCdYg21HB8-XTxWX7Mr5o2ySTexNgelWfvesFlgrLnHd6fsXEdgXvL2VEwN-5pr_cUkdkycTo-bFB_aZ7PzvJJZrFbPAO-_MP6k7kOXzYO7Pmtvh07hnT13skismlYTKS-rf-6ShHsavyvd3JYQbJdTgI=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1375" data-original-width="2000" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi47hSot9Nr4y8IQPzPnJlE9yj88rlXajPtCdYg21HB8-XTxWX7Mr5o2ySTexNgelWfvesFlgrLnHd6fsXEdgXvL2VEwN-5pr_cUkdkycTo-bFB_aZ7PzvJJZrFbPAO-_MP6k7kOXzYO7Pmtvh07hnT13skismlYTKS-rf-6ShHsavyvd3JYQbJdTgI=w640-h440" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Team member</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7Ihsuw2p9VO0QRnG4KMYXoLIhzl5lQXh89PLEfekOLgi1dFtFalsl6oF_pN2fmpP2DxFMrpJSI5jaBaaWNoPxqU2k4_W4iXrybRN7-m8jTHCjHcBVOjRsNHOBKQs6jG75qwcH5ttwfk8vRsmDJ4bSEOqKgSo69ufOY4QjIXLTyfL3VCCT-taKLPu9=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1334" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7Ihsuw2p9VO0QRnG4KMYXoLIhzl5lQXh89PLEfekOLgi1dFtFalsl6oF_pN2fmpP2DxFMrpJSI5jaBaaWNoPxqU2k4_W4iXrybRN7-m8jTHCjHcBVOjRsNHOBKQs6jG75qwcH5ttwfk8vRsmDJ4bSEOqKgSo69ufOY4QjIXLTyfL3VCCT-taKLPu9=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Backrest</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg8dzLVkawz7zvoWWuO5MsaUgREVaFkBJ8VEXhv6m039v0kaF5AWx472LcYJpQzA6CEOoL7CV8BjD8EYDV2awXWgeU2K_93f1qYzS8Whj-mROsDPTc3fgmf6K9M5R06uDPFwOGiN8z_L_YpheFtz4lVDmvKcB9J0DGeAP6_XBb4ySa3O98JntADuyyP=s1920" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg8dzLVkawz7zvoWWuO5MsaUgREVaFkBJ8VEXhv6m039v0kaF5AWx472LcYJpQzA6CEOoL7CV8BjD8EYDV2awXWgeU2K_93f1qYzS8Whj-mROsDPTc3fgmf6K9M5R06uDPFwOGiN8z_L_YpheFtz4lVDmvKcB9J0DGeAP6_XBb4ySa3O98JntADuyyP=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Flight tester</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiclwU8BcQe2OI-5C6UPuIVPnATteIOFEomnNFdY1MeplDfmODSGExThu7IrIh8IEodyv-NWd2Xg2_Q0drG38ST7552xaH2C8sUPGlUeeBOTmDoBTgLnyo_X9ws3Dk2-y1WXLfSwihK9L4NV4y50JbW8e085Xy4Uh0ITMtqHklqKdfkJth1VQIRU8dO=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiclwU8BcQe2OI-5C6UPuIVPnATteIOFEomnNFdY1MeplDfmODSGExThu7IrIh8IEodyv-NWd2Xg2_Q0drG38ST7552xaH2C8sUPGlUeeBOTmDoBTgLnyo_X9ws3Dk2-y1WXLfSwihK9L4NV4y50JbW8e085Xy4Uh0ITMtqHklqKdfkJth1VQIRU8dO=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Long jumper</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">I salute this wonderful species and hope that it is preserved for future generations.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-24217286800834827272022-03-04T22:13:00.000-08:002022-03-04T22:13:17.092-08:00The Nature around Diamond Villa, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi630EcsMKMT1WMQGqPzjgQrFyqPEUKCaHSs_UPFYG7G0hyBI5n7TCMs9rmMn1dgZrBcD0tkNEJw9prPw4gZZAuqYA7VTiGMdOlR0fMQm2FWYuXC0YZwFQdYHFAIGtnw8rs0vhRmb3a3j_NKP3APX0DGh3qqg0hRSOBQP7dU4iCtIBHyNjapaDU8unp=s1900" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="1900" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi630EcsMKMT1WMQGqPzjgQrFyqPEUKCaHSs_UPFYG7G0hyBI5n7TCMs9rmMn1dgZrBcD0tkNEJw9prPw4gZZAuqYA7VTiGMdOlR0fMQm2FWYuXC0YZwFQdYHFAIGtnw8rs0vhRmb3a3j_NKP3APX0DGh3qqg0hRSOBQP7dU4iCtIBHyNjapaDU8unp=w752-h248" width="752" /></a></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">There are many venues in Malaysia that tout themselves as Eco-retreats and some of these come with a five-star price tag. My wife and I reside in Penang and two years ago we sold our house in a cookie-cutter estate and moved not far away to a rented condominium at Diamond Villa at Tanjung Bungah. This eco-location is worth at least 8 stars. This well-located 26 year old estate was solidly built with kitchens and bedrooms larger than the old-fashioned red phone boxes. We are on the 21st floor that overlooks the Strait of Malacca and backs into the lower slopes of Pearl Hill. Across the road is Abbas Road beach. The northern view is dominated by Mount Jerai on the mainland and in the night the squid boats from Thailand line the north-western horizon with their green attractant lights.</span></div></blockquote><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjFbjc-BP1bKmytJKHCFZM5huDhuh5SHcfiXGdyCMmD6EZ24ydJTJldllGezho8sBPZGjg2_lgWXbsApTLERrMginYLlqg5HMtSzHhCriGZw4Ph24CvmHcnib-oDX_OmEug4YlYkZNF9QvI-Utk_ih3rJ6fapQYVzfMd1E1XvGTAXp-zNO5WphmlvoH=s5361" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3483" data-original-width="5361" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjFbjc-BP1bKmytJKHCFZM5huDhuh5SHcfiXGdyCMmD6EZ24ydJTJldllGezho8sBPZGjg2_lgWXbsApTLERrMginYLlqg5HMtSzHhCriGZw4Ph24CvmHcnib-oDX_OmEug4YlYkZNF9QvI-Utk_ih3rJ6fapQYVzfMd1E1XvGTAXp-zNO5WphmlvoH=w640-h416" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4aXT1PTX5Lb46Y-RwLomRgl027WxnEF_nvvwQGR41_Rm8rLXdRd0m7Yo_zyxUDEFLcDnud8roKxRpM11SWFMJlb7D9AlYeTIZZBpHc8ED_FKJMLCkkTOq6yLlxfJfe4zp69xVc5gfpsPAW1WdvIjMHYJXCl1c_JVEhvSjyMVYcNQ-nYP2gUUvRse5=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1285" data-original-width="2000" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4aXT1PTX5Lb46Y-RwLomRgl027WxnEF_nvvwQGR41_Rm8rLXdRd0m7Yo_zyxUDEFLcDnud8roKxRpM11SWFMJlb7D9AlYeTIZZBpHc8ED_FKJMLCkkTOq6yLlxfJfe4zp69xVc5gfpsPAW1WdvIjMHYJXCl1c_JVEhvSjyMVYcNQ-nYP2gUUvRse5=w640-h412" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0J8UjDHru5BInH4eTcsKlMhO5HkqkTiGImi9UP5ClzCoGvKoxsGJLRXAp-fiaojJVsyI8G0fbL9fIokekVP_ATPF1kYytzGQpFhaR1PSwz6PDn4vE1_Bn7qAIPHBndK_R4vTQ00pIE-zRRUDFL0qRMGdzYV_JKrloCs23IGGhPJQDL4gSirN0LfVA=s3000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1962" data-original-width="3000" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0J8UjDHru5BInH4eTcsKlMhO5HkqkTiGImi9UP5ClzCoGvKoxsGJLRXAp-fiaojJVsyI8G0fbL9fIokekVP_ATPF1kYytzGQpFhaR1PSwz6PDn4vE1_Bn7qAIPHBndK_R4vTQ00pIE-zRRUDFL0qRMGdzYV_JKrloCs23IGGhPJQDL4gSirN0LfVA=w640-h418" width="640" /></a></div><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Strait of Malacca</b></h2><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The Strait of Malacca separates the Indonesian Island of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, with Singapore included. It is 580 miles in length and the busiest waterway in the world being the main shipping channel between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It has also been a piracy hotspot for a number of years. Pirate attacks have declined in the last 5 years but still occur.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span>We see it’s many moods from many shades of blue on warm sunny days to thunderheads, sombre storm fronts and thunder storms at night.<span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></div></div></blockquote><p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjWXqTZFTrAXm-9D5LwsZZLoImMCz6_kb6-HvOKRZ9ixP3RyEcR7uuCiC2dyqag7n3HtwVwx71yyzPKKJm3njqllp1XNmWSSVqc_Y7RW0x6ResNHV3eZNzd8_J3yRwwYRwyazB8yG7ttxhAim4k7S1UeEy2ISJke4igvvNzTP88Ic2294y_Smd9axg_=s1000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="1000" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjWXqTZFTrAXm-9D5LwsZZLoImMCz6_kb6-HvOKRZ9ixP3RyEcR7uuCiC2dyqag7n3HtwVwx71yyzPKKJm3njqllp1XNmWSSVqc_Y7RW0x6ResNHV3eZNzd8_J3yRwwYRwyazB8yG7ttxhAim4k7S1UeEy2ISJke4igvvNzTP88Ic2294y_Smd9axg_=w640-h432" width="640" /></a></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjg_9iYi-JHN6EpGfYfPIBfQAmXpF1tw_pXE1tES0Lp96D1Zdg5HEljmuyQU0L05wwK6uogODyUW_e-QHcet2TIHjS8b-wTdHUxtdj_M7FFJdQXFTQonQYAYIsOgTYDrMsSdLdufoNFjFgYhQKGZzR2c-2cNG300-PHzjhmk0ubKGd4pIi8NmUm75mR=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1331" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjg_9iYi-JHN6EpGfYfPIBfQAmXpF1tw_pXE1tES0Lp96D1Zdg5HEljmuyQU0L05wwK6uogODyUW_e-QHcet2TIHjS8b-wTdHUxtdj_M7FFJdQXFTQonQYAYIsOgTYDrMsSdLdufoNFjFgYhQKGZzR2c-2cNG300-PHzjhmk0ubKGd4pIi8NmUm75mR=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mount Jerai, across the Strait.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHQVknwrpe2Y4OY6Fi7cu31yVen51Xr72Ln4jV8_apN6OF3ttFSvkeTs54Jo3NeEAC6PFEcKdxhB9pdQSsESnn6LYXHFhEcVpJIEC8Gh7QS-0yz1xOmCd26pgOTh25ysZpKRK8QEX7O_0U_73DD6i5khj65OJqcwGi6l7_XU0-BWr7FSi53SAf77At=s1620" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1620" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHQVknwrpe2Y4OY6Fi7cu31yVen51Xr72Ln4jV8_apN6OF3ttFSvkeTs54Jo3NeEAC6PFEcKdxhB9pdQSsESnn6LYXHFhEcVpJIEC8Gh7QS-0yz1xOmCd26pgOTh25ysZpKRK8QEX7O_0U_73DD6i5khj65OJqcwGi6l7_XU0-BWr7FSi53SAf77At=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZgNRWntDR4ajgz_o4ejI7pY3h-veu1M6Z6LWNIbOGApbYmYPY8F5NHeABoOHQcDikSJE38ysiB-IbHAp8kg5gmOPDmQDSTSndGn2ChGP5NfXwAs-PnCXhfVuaSwhjpY-_Ozv5ll_2xrtwx4554COfwHCmZNJOSswafJixPqY_mQNi1J7Jz36LsuiR=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZgNRWntDR4ajgz_o4ejI7pY3h-veu1M6Z6LWNIbOGApbYmYPY8F5NHeABoOHQcDikSJE38ysiB-IbHAp8kg5gmOPDmQDSTSndGn2ChGP5NfXwAs-PnCXhfVuaSwhjpY-_Ozv5ll_2xrtwx4554COfwHCmZNJOSswafJixPqY_mQNi1J7Jz36LsuiR=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi1SSduVXRJky70pWPvj2VdaiBTlOyRrS2EUReUvOhkGb752U0cZGLvwzO4bKWA0YI0s8pOleSPPfGh6EDcUeHfjIc3elQPHEC2zY8MXwcTJn9oFpl2RKj5K18qRFLuD0gnvEP7OMeWcBmzsHX7mKZHhvPQskqa86R2P4TcGkuGKztmmVutSpbAHZm5=s1744" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1144" data-original-width="1744" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi1SSduVXRJky70pWPvj2VdaiBTlOyRrS2EUReUvOhkGb752U0cZGLvwzO4bKWA0YI0s8pOleSPPfGh6EDcUeHfjIc3elQPHEC2zY8MXwcTJn9oFpl2RKj5K18qRFLuD0gnvEP7OMeWcBmzsHX7mKZHhvPQskqa86R2P4TcGkuGKztmmVutSpbAHZm5=w640-h420" width="640" /></a></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><b>Pearl Hill (Bukit Mutiara)</b></span></h2><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">A beautiful, mostly forest-clad hill(s) is popular with walkers. There are a number of residences on the hill but continuous forest where troops of langurs and long-tailed macaques thrive. There are also Black-giant and plantain squirrels as well as multiple species of raptors present on the hill.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></p></div></blockquote><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdDJ99KM9Vom-4NQm3Y9V6-wZp7ipmjxKomOKvBQ64JjLk6SfvHyttgXhcZpNEj7o5AjRpEDKuMXFl3fy38a103jABdDGScOrV9XvxbfwtR6IOzdxcgHwrLsZj9KkUD9V54vlkdUfkWqDfZYQf_G_umy03rplHR3VPMWJvMBkcEOjTAyHAVoGmspiy=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdDJ99KM9Vom-4NQm3Y9V6-wZp7ipmjxKomOKvBQ64JjLk6SfvHyttgXhcZpNEj7o5AjRpEDKuMXFl3fy38a103jABdDGScOrV9XvxbfwtR6IOzdxcgHwrLsZj9KkUD9V54vlkdUfkWqDfZYQf_G_umy03rplHR3VPMWJvMBkcEOjTAyHAVoGmspiy=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Most of the nearby forest is virtually impenetrable </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg61tEMYbtsQuyVq3-yAv-YeKNkaPYdaMtBmpEdc-cQ4Sg3d7z1eCSXX1OYmxiYM5AOXO3nTJBLZzZo--gPMpm4jdW31D0uiQ6F6Bn4D96mJp3P6NpXMnUVTurg_2416vEOwK5U3wbZPqRJBT9p8itIVYB6wwqVHozVoJ4-MBYWA8dz9w49b_cfEsVZ=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg61tEMYbtsQuyVq3-yAv-YeKNkaPYdaMtBmpEdc-cQ4Sg3d7z1eCSXX1OYmxiYM5AOXO3nTJBLZzZo--gPMpm4jdW31D0uiQ6F6Bn4D96mJp3P6NpXMnUVTurg_2416vEOwK5U3wbZPqRJBT9p8itIVYB6wwqVHozVoJ4-MBYWA8dz9w49b_cfEsVZ=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The view of Pearl Hill from our rear bedroom</span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>WILDLIFE</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Dusky Langurs.</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The forest connects with the periphery of the Diamond Villa estate on two sides and there is a continuous line of trees on the other two sides such that a local troop of Dusky Langurs can circumnavigate the complex, and they do. I have written extensively on this cute species ( <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7295582917493017312/4741297246655235053?hl=en" target="_blank">1</a> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7295582917493017312/2225181812164871462?hl=en" target="_blank">2</a> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7295582917493017312/3111891554230937596?hl=en" target="_blank">3</a>) but will add here they are not partitioned from the estate and there are sometimes investigations of cars and facilities by members of this quiet, non-aggressive species. I am afraid there is little understanding by most resident homo sapiens. I find the species just brilliant and the orange babies are a delight. Last year (2021) the troop had 5 babies and this year, so far, there are no new additions. There were twins last year that required a foster mother. For the last two months the troop has adopted a tan-coloured, Long-tailed Macaque which I guess is the closest they can get to an orange baby. </span><span style="font-size: large;"><u>The species is listed as ‘threatened’</u>.</span></span></div></div></blockquote><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9fvDhktnXyGh1UGqSUsvDwQKfoqzzOyQraCYN2Sq5kfi9jpr1IpKre_G6O0chqWTqSscUvESRB6IdnDavd_VJ6A_RZutqA5rgSQykAoPJ5hdD031Z8ZXJ--jUUZ6KtPSa0uYkfZLLATH4UthIBraEpzAOftVhOV1hHQat0WPOEi_hcIYqxPvwNzIf=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1647" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9fvDhktnXyGh1UGqSUsvDwQKfoqzzOyQraCYN2Sq5kfi9jpr1IpKre_G6O0chqWTqSscUvESRB6IdnDavd_VJ6A_RZutqA5rgSQykAoPJ5hdD031Z8ZXJ--jUUZ6KtPSa0uYkfZLLATH4UthIBraEpzAOftVhOV1hHQat0WPOEi_hcIYqxPvwNzIf=w528-h640" width="528" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langurs are rated as one of the most handsome primate species<br /></span> </td></tr></tbody></table><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjml0SLPFLpcX013h8S3K16jrKCU9tQe-Qw1ZVekq1UvOtPTez2pPEvkPyeft471-oQAP7oO4NLG068wk_qMKpwgALh17gRQVUJwEG4nRRi2nenU_KELdWCpQY22-9NiZ6xYYcOmphTYXCDiLpMuiaxnMeYn5KHpuepf9FTMsmIptI2NRKGLLZ9RmqQ=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjml0SLPFLpcX013h8S3K16jrKCU9tQe-Qw1ZVekq1UvOtPTez2pPEvkPyeft471-oQAP7oO4NLG068wk_qMKpwgALh17gRQVUJwEG4nRRi2nenU_KELdWCpQY22-9NiZ6xYYcOmphTYXCDiLpMuiaxnMeYn5KHpuepf9FTMsmIptI2NRKGLLZ9RmqQ=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgILey4Dp8xseAfhZAqoqyqhjHQNDp6yV31wGjVkahF-xZ7r5Y7U7kP4ujraeEQmEjQyU0eIpr3FgeS4RF2S-GXMCUtne-qG6uMbb9a-may7tN76t8TmUOW4FP4NVkYThvgGdZgi0NQ-p0llKsgmDFGm_TUnTEHkwDKp5wOVPPxTu-on6nGnm9_78MS=s2155" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2155" data-original-width="1443" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgILey4Dp8xseAfhZAqoqyqhjHQNDp6yV31wGjVkahF-xZ7r5Y7U7kP4ujraeEQmEjQyU0eIpr3FgeS4RF2S-GXMCUtne-qG6uMbb9a-may7tN76t8TmUOW4FP4NVkYThvgGdZgi0NQ-p0llKsgmDFGm_TUnTEHkwDKp5wOVPPxTu-on6nGnm9_78MS=w428-h640" width="428" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghkdUKvypEaLQvVqtnkx186IjKf7uXorKuWstJxJMON5fuZiuspYE7AUj78I7w8lgji2rKSv4BMmt8aoOjiNRZTcsTvpu8NSgWxQxKpiXCU5KXsNkITH0HlZowfuEgy7VNgV9TYFgL9srxF--tCcsztBDMvXo5U_rK6CLdNTBSVs8Zrap4EM9337_u=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="972" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghkdUKvypEaLQvVqtnkx186IjKf7uXorKuWstJxJMON5fuZiuspYE7AUj78I7w8lgji2rKSv4BMmt8aoOjiNRZTcsTvpu8NSgWxQxKpiXCU5KXsNkITH0HlZowfuEgy7VNgV9TYFgL9srxF--tCcsztBDMvXo5U_rK6CLdNTBSVs8Zrap4EM9337_u=w414-h640" width="414" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwPMVaRbpYbD_rK3v0kD_2IpKocZJL1OQ_aQ9GnnQFHF2puSh9NoH9ZRW_rQ_BHqEnNC9TY4lgr1OzuRkMp7AWrDUJRfHfvOCGABYF4Y5NK9b_UfpSlf8QXyWTFQCqZihLpFoPJUDAK0lAF90Wz3WaEMDAeOKui2BllINFQPsxLBekbbYHoquwUKxD=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwPMVaRbpYbD_rK3v0kD_2IpKocZJL1OQ_aQ9GnnQFHF2puSh9NoH9ZRW_rQ_BHqEnNC9TY4lgr1OzuRkMp7AWrDUJRfHfvOCGABYF4Y5NK9b_UfpSlf8QXyWTFQCqZihLpFoPJUDAK0lAF90Wz3WaEMDAeOKui2BllINFQPsxLBekbbYHoquwUKxD=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1cnZ_Bnu6S2ntgVQkWE69E9AKhFCSwvUlOLdiubfFDbkbHPH7xT7-q6le5cVp78-MKmuV4yoGUhp2dBs62SKbRQnhmfwpRcdWTh3EEMWd8v2dILtb7bjI-jDo2H9XZtLtPXhyxiYfVYz_XKfaEo1I-y_ABgvJvLofpF-4tdKkDmfGaYrTgbvEZI_l=s1540" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="990" data-original-width="1540" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1cnZ_Bnu6S2ntgVQkWE69E9AKhFCSwvUlOLdiubfFDbkbHPH7xT7-q6le5cVp78-MKmuV4yoGUhp2dBs62SKbRQnhmfwpRcdWTh3EEMWd8v2dILtb7bjI-jDo2H9XZtLtPXhyxiYfVYz_XKfaEo1I-y_ABgvJvLofpF-4tdKkDmfGaYrTgbvEZI_l=w640-h412" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAbxz0RbA0bvMy7stxVkeCjnG3ngZS3hMvucIvITh90eHKdAJLywKly14qTodBZEezO9Pc91wpMEnuyOOzSnlAWq48bvFq3xdMzX-HrU4jz_00cZMRh9cDMTHZ4YmhzTCt08H7tEXcLB87u_IFskeyQgBVxoWXdyGr1PEy4kZWbG_kBF4dKGqMVoOW=s3686" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2977" data-original-width="3686" height="516" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAbxz0RbA0bvMy7stxVkeCjnG3ngZS3hMvucIvITh90eHKdAJLywKly14qTodBZEezO9Pc91wpMEnuyOOzSnlAWq48bvFq3xdMzX-HrU4jz_00cZMRh9cDMTHZ4YmhzTCt08H7tEXcLB87u_IFskeyQgBVxoWXdyGr1PEy4kZWbG_kBF4dKGqMVoOW=w640-h516" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Long-tailed Macaques</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The species, also called Crab-eating Macaques, survive well in mangrove ecosystems but with human habitation they have moved inland and are omnivorous, raiding rubbish bins and unguarded kitchens in the process. They are infrequent visitors to the forest surrounding Diamond Villa and tend to have lightening raids and then disappear.</span></div></div></blockquote><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9jJAS9t9iCOJjIStFPpxE4zof-lGgZ3JWoISbyvTkSrgNy_IoZeSlhJiqsLvC6Is0HDu6XS_ipjwc8pR4aSyQ4jRri6DfxQU37F9fZ2npXPtj5cufpk6rzEfgMgJqzrz9--UaYurp6YcHa5cFfATawaw4dufJO0WjbCHssa9EmHgVJHRuAs8U0W75=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1486" data-original-width="2000" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9jJAS9t9iCOJjIStFPpxE4zof-lGgZ3JWoISbyvTkSrgNy_IoZeSlhJiqsLvC6Is0HDu6XS_ipjwc8pR4aSyQ4jRri6DfxQU37F9fZ2npXPtj5cufpk6rzEfgMgJqzrz9--UaYurp6YcHa5cFfATawaw4dufJO0WjbCHssa9EmHgVJHRuAs8U0W75=w640-h476" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Long-tailed Macaque (right) adopted by the Dusky Langur troop.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhbChMgwkKiA-fod6AMRYi4RKfpOgj9XpgaV41s0zHiZGQ5iNa2W8IZPaMr8hnOpFImVZ3RxL74dWDJ__XHOIJgUR7IWiuJL4fDdnwrB65RhNUJ7_a5uSH2386QoCwSHoAWxc864A1zsngnes2wKBDQRZokDe95L3UPpgRn84OgWL2q4LB06iVRMUFM=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1333" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhbChMgwkKiA-fod6AMRYi4RKfpOgj9XpgaV41s0zHiZGQ5iNa2W8IZPaMr8hnOpFImVZ3RxL74dWDJ__XHOIJgUR7IWiuJL4fDdnwrB65RhNUJ7_a5uSH2386QoCwSHoAWxc864A1zsngnes2wKBDQRZokDe95L3UPpgRn84OgWL2q4LB06iVRMUFM=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dominant males can be quite aggressive</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjFsBur9Rin7T82QLRD6GUlZAUjSOmKMawCyT_Ua8U0MAZqZx7nRiDVaUOTuH3fv7gJHtmI2AkGKXcTRCXb3YMjTvul7IRNcbt9BbbGAAT_3HCxD-1PQVjZP8dJGFnbl_D7ZWtlY67Y3ZX5KvDZL4xSz35BVZ-vGwQRcsNb3pKnFPSgkAiTrT4pRc_j=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjFsBur9Rin7T82QLRD6GUlZAUjSOmKMawCyT_Ua8U0MAZqZx7nRiDVaUOTuH3fv7gJHtmI2AkGKXcTRCXb3YMjTvul7IRNcbt9BbbGAAT_3HCxD-1PQVjZP8dJGFnbl_D7ZWtlY67Y3ZX5KvDZL4xSz35BVZ-vGwQRcsNb3pKnFPSgkAiTrT4pRc_j=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Black Giant Squirrels</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">These have also been covered in a previous blog of mine (<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/7295582917493017312/7374152837807019098?hl=en" target="_blank">here</a>). They are a rather secretive species who build a number of nests in their domain. It is not certain as to their function with theories postulating that they are either dummies to bemuse predators or they are used as shelters for multiple moving days. The adults possibly don’t have many predators as they are a similar size to the Langurs but their young offspring will be vulnerable to eagle attack. Sightings of juveniles are very rare.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The adults are also not seen often but are particularly partial to eating the fruit of the Acacia trees around the periphery of the estate.</span></div></div></blockquote><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-sPcG2heQnR_xiAW9t_OOi_8zq9hvn-BJz1MnOi1dJsk0hLitsHMc0AU1U2jtXEriCJnjPlRDcM4AGSnud0Evfmyp1gyU1C3iIn0MSYKoyeY2bAygLFbMeBwDO_hwboQINkkIXkK-kdBuP1kLqUiddM7FSPtHUOoKNMiPmWOgC1G2L7MPnDFeQxUA=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1333" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-sPcG2heQnR_xiAW9t_OOi_8zq9hvn-BJz1MnOi1dJsk0hLitsHMc0AU1U2jtXEriCJnjPlRDcM4AGSnud0Evfmyp1gyU1C3iIn0MSYKoyeY2bAygLFbMeBwDO_hwboQINkkIXkK-kdBuP1kLqUiddM7FSPtHUOoKNMiPmWOgC1G2L7MPnDFeQxUA=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtxsPM1ozJauTitEPsY0wYlDKtEklkJDGPSylB-pMaMwqnz_vu0Um1qyfdMjTj5vncRWE5CipATKICHHqhYowgsQ_cyJvHyVokhXQZq03JOSzerE-9L00DIoX3TQNiUXH08-9L1-7uZx3nXtVrzCTI313Zby69XwTNFP0KF87Iv_NbwBi8nQDTcmZB=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtxsPM1ozJauTitEPsY0wYlDKtEklkJDGPSylB-pMaMwqnz_vu0Um1qyfdMjTj5vncRWE5CipATKICHHqhYowgsQ_cyJvHyVokhXQZq03JOSzerE-9L00DIoX3TQNiUXH08-9L1-7uZx3nXtVrzCTI313Zby69XwTNFP0KF87Iv_NbwBi8nQDTcmZB=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Plantain Squirrels</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Less obvious but more plentiful that the larger species Plantain squirrels scurry along branches or use internal fences as a rapid-rail system. They also build nests (dreys) that are less obvious that their larger cousins.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div></div></blockquote><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFZe8DM6sy-DAo6CDuoV-tTGIW85rzx2LpvqxaIBUF-g_wmVyLdefBk7uKEKR2aQrwV9d5Mh0goaNNKqP1AwA4fqKhBlAP2Vh_Na4ICz8zOL9a4GEpQjV1xrG67O56iErzXGg0v9gMHyRSfVqCypEugvtR2G-SC-IeHwe7CKmhCbsyyrxftahF2YzC=s2548" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1696" data-original-width="2548" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFZe8DM6sy-DAo6CDuoV-tTGIW85rzx2LpvqxaIBUF-g_wmVyLdefBk7uKEKR2aQrwV9d5Mh0goaNNKqP1AwA4fqKhBlAP2Vh_Na4ICz8zOL9a4GEpQjV1xrG67O56iErzXGg0v9gMHyRSfVqCypEugvtR2G-SC-IeHwe7CKmhCbsyyrxftahF2YzC=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Bird Species</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The species of the surrounding forest include; House Crows, Olive-backed and Crimson sunbirds, the ubiquitous Yellow-vented bulbuls, Pink-necked Green Pigeons, various Munia species, Asian Glossy Starlings, Crested Goshawks, Changeable Hawk-eagles, Little Spiderhunters, Crested Serpent Eagles, Racket-tailed Drongos, Plaintive Cuckoos, House Swifts, Pacific Swallows, Dollarbirds, Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters, Chestnut-breasted Malkohas. White-throated Kingfishers. Pied Fantails, Black-naped Orioles, Crested Mynas, Koels, Peaceful Doves, Scarlet-backed Flowerpeckers and Common Tailorbirds</span></div></div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgg2OHXGcIWCaHfilMnjQ5WtbGb0kP-g4V23FqTMVOex6B5tbUtzTPKzU3oTs_JOYE_DnmeKyeAQvxJUUC5CUOtKkZwGv0mTmLdmHJsNPoWmmXDHxAoqtZwntk6x6OQlrKG7ChS-YRDnI2ERRkaKo4GB9ov16RQ05jel8YcCF9fhEt8SH68JF7G7i19=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgg2OHXGcIWCaHfilMnjQ5WtbGb0kP-g4V23FqTMVOex6B5tbUtzTPKzU3oTs_JOYE_DnmeKyeAQvxJUUC5CUOtKkZwGv0mTmLdmHJsNPoWmmXDHxAoqtZwntk6x6OQlrKG7ChS-YRDnI2ERRkaKo4GB9ov16RQ05jel8YcCF9fhEt8SH68JF7G7i19=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZqFQi38pZr-6bkvlB8YAuN2IoIY9SI_wljWspdapAOmr-MT8MmiOzaPe9Z-wYT-YL1w3WXBMyILv3qL1RLUuXxqZ6SVqFTjL4hi5_Hj-voc4ouXVr3s3Cr5J_sNjPoX9jxm26M2uai5YCZIs4BF7ihn9-W86B70wHDbbfadaOUViw5DsLklsgz3Vy=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1481" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZqFQi38pZr-6bkvlB8YAuN2IoIY9SI_wljWspdapAOmr-MT8MmiOzaPe9Z-wYT-YL1w3WXBMyILv3qL1RLUuXxqZ6SVqFTjL4hi5_Hj-voc4ouXVr3s3Cr5J_sNjPoX9jxm26M2uai5YCZIs4BF7ihn9-W86B70wHDbbfadaOUViw5DsLklsgz3Vy=w474-h640" width="474" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pink-necked Green Pigeon (male)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZr2Jp1bqm_1woivaxJqJvRLvNgZ0d4JQZTz06F8Pqn99bJr7MvNY-YGlcdZ_SYqHpvmR6EyCFNuhaQMjzPrXhMPduwdA7WkfNpzyK5yeXmPkBjSqu8U-oX3I7EPCsI0oU3nrw48TA6d_HUaZmRW2cw6i2CjjX6D7g82JdEGtErMJ0HddgFvPz_Or6=s3008" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2005" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZr2Jp1bqm_1woivaxJqJvRLvNgZ0d4JQZTz06F8Pqn99bJr7MvNY-YGlcdZ_SYqHpvmR6EyCFNuhaQMjzPrXhMPduwdA7WkfNpzyK5yeXmPkBjSqu8U-oX3I7EPCsI0oU3nrw48TA6d_HUaZmRW2cw6i2CjjX6D7g82JdEGtErMJ0HddgFvPz_Or6=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Olive-backed Sunbird (male)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikoDmwtLUFbLMmER7GTX4ZxuCsc-T5VSU-AcH--fMFSwcV8kG7vhfAAlxeiGuaQ7svMCCGE3NF57yORDhsnXHEN_gpJ5ygnfF_IRySUuycYNju2SuQfc6iz3EDNjqQluASrDyvD9NNTROynqE78swzwpJHb44cRMZgdjMBpDlMQBJKIkZmQgEw5usz=s2901" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2901" data-original-width="1934" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikoDmwtLUFbLMmER7GTX4ZxuCsc-T5VSU-AcH--fMFSwcV8kG7vhfAAlxeiGuaQ7svMCCGE3NF57yORDhsnXHEN_gpJ5ygnfF_IRySUuycYNju2SuQfc6iz3EDNjqQluASrDyvD9NNTROynqE78swzwpJHb44cRMZgdjMBpDlMQBJKIkZmQgEw5usz=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">White-throated Kingfisher</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjYtKzEQxhenOkpelcyIyDWJB876KnHW6B3jA--mI3mQAcWQrRiXb1pwwUnha9tpZD0tb7YxkcQ7qfE8Q6M2DJ5JOJLgHvxb0qNN19u6Lhy9R8LfjyG__5ikDo5FkPoU150i0_DWaQzV0NxG6r_fWoMqr35ohahgdnKDaGQMYs5YTlSSkgh1OS0QH3Q=s1736" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1736" data-original-width="1157" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjYtKzEQxhenOkpelcyIyDWJB876KnHW6B3jA--mI3mQAcWQrRiXb1pwwUnha9tpZD0tb7YxkcQ7qfE8Q6M2DJ5JOJLgHvxb0qNN19u6Lhy9R8LfjyG__5ikDo5FkPoU150i0_DWaQzV0NxG6r_fWoMqr35ohahgdnKDaGQMYs5YTlSSkgh1OS0QH3Q=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Chestnut-breasted Malkoha</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3dghMZqip3rzjfsYvQI0CMmS2uOd2cP_mcYaRE9ertBWhV0zPY59KngMKi0AFqD4dXwmS-EyB241UYZURTCpUlh-cKopX34LT3eJRg6AwPEKkjrugjFqc6EhBHUtt3Xe6hhTjsIoZzMEq8QPQAX8L-xy5GiIgTSIw-zghFYyniAlhhTRNE9Ux3DC9=s845" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="561" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3dghMZqip3rzjfsYvQI0CMmS2uOd2cP_mcYaRE9ertBWhV0zPY59KngMKi0AFqD4dXwmS-EyB241UYZURTCpUlh-cKopX34LT3eJRg6AwPEKkjrugjFqc6EhBHUtt3Xe6hhTjsIoZzMEq8QPQAX8L-xy5GiIgTSIw-zghFYyniAlhhTRNE9Ux3DC9=w424-h640" width="424" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Asian Glossy Starling</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgb4G3wti0c7lRh4LucEqKp0f7AVzHzbsM-l4yZLJurDSMx00jKK7aVICrVFn2mvRbdTYyWOsagc1LSggmSAAwFDByZsLYwLYXH8oqK1qR-IVdlwB1wLRbmTwdNxKfXcBJCgovboXlyeJFDT_SHF63MILcs_TbjRLEupmHHX3YQM13UuGAD_ta9RTrr=s845" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="565" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgb4G3wti0c7lRh4LucEqKp0f7AVzHzbsM-l4yZLJurDSMx00jKK7aVICrVFn2mvRbdTYyWOsagc1LSggmSAAwFDByZsLYwLYXH8oqK1qR-IVdlwB1wLRbmTwdNxKfXcBJCgovboXlyeJFDT_SHF63MILcs_TbjRLEupmHHX3YQM13UuGAD_ta9RTrr=w428-h640" width="428" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Crested Myna</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhlHsT3IsxhNf4u1I61QjzjgoemLParGnbkkt7TqzuT_COBGr-AC1xS31Al_wgsVq-athc1GsSbIpveKkJK5Icpm8Stytr0s-QdE3Y5MiAeiJuyoX8FHiTX7Kz7UcIRZOqR8JeNmBeAKhKYqsq5Iukm8cljqn8lfhln0PJcSIUOrvidoqE4BRe8asuy=s848" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="848" data-original-width="577" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhlHsT3IsxhNf4u1I61QjzjgoemLParGnbkkt7TqzuT_COBGr-AC1xS31Al_wgsVq-athc1GsSbIpveKkJK5Icpm8Stytr0s-QdE3Y5MiAeiJuyoX8FHiTX7Kz7UcIRZOqR8JeNmBeAKhKYqsq5Iukm8cljqn8lfhln0PJcSIUOrvidoqE4BRe8asuy=w436-h640" width="436" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pacific Swallows</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhUU7hDPWPgMO-EZWLtG-dzZnE_lHllRaLC8CnJuX5A33slqcl9L_Cc8jMrQwTdnZBF2DZ92CZRbD3yIpD4e8GRWzaSfgmNIbeyciE8ngqC2vA1tSFuW25ezZBl7WC2d0N3mmVMKZH7r3QT1U5opj_T5W410NQ-RDzminFxAYu3pOjKzNAD1_ACxC_=s848" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="848" data-original-width="652" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhUU7hDPWPgMO-EZWLtG-dzZnE_lHllRaLC8CnJuX5A33slqcl9L_Cc8jMrQwTdnZBF2DZ92CZRbD3yIpD4e8GRWzaSfgmNIbeyciE8ngqC2vA1tSFuW25ezZBl7WC2d0N3mmVMKZH7r3QT1U5opj_T5W410NQ-RDzminFxAYu3pOjKzNAD1_ACxC_=w492-h640" width="492" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Peaceful Dove</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqtYxhXWPwD8gZNPBztR5pSTbZXiR2OWgPZ5q-m-BNXuXIhFlzObQOYH6NIsfmrzKEyv58gCkTGkywB99T3bui2oyU0bVZwgykc4-fHoogH8HbS1ZU__-qOAgDhDzGx_aGWBpxC74MYuIfPXBwLgk7zFZbPPFfGDNN308q3qHTktEowgokmQZbEfm5=s847" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="847" data-original-width="564" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqtYxhXWPwD8gZNPBztR5pSTbZXiR2OWgPZ5q-m-BNXuXIhFlzObQOYH6NIsfmrzKEyv58gCkTGkywB99T3bui2oyU0bVZwgykc4-fHoogH8HbS1ZU__-qOAgDhDzGx_aGWBpxC74MYuIfPXBwLgk7zFZbPPFfGDNN308q3qHTktEowgokmQZbEfm5=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Plaintive Cuckoo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhtnFYoLj1fjKWyOVbrw1P0MS-5WmuorAfzGDS36wA0jnad8Ng3f5HRD01JWVti2R8SUkOMDwjTlkYwZP4odrE6lhNVO6cE2patLUyYKB2CEf3F6yFqrcK-tnFPiFRzPj2AX_nHuPeBcBtgdeS_KikkBG-cLCrpUE3OoVk5vA2J9vjReYL5JT9qq9B=s844" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="844" data-original-width="566" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhtnFYoLj1fjKWyOVbrw1P0MS-5WmuorAfzGDS36wA0jnad8Ng3f5HRD01JWVti2R8SUkOMDwjTlkYwZP4odrE6lhNVO6cE2patLUyYKB2CEf3F6yFqrcK-tnFPiFRzPj2AX_nHuPeBcBtgdeS_KikkBG-cLCrpUE3OoVk5vA2J9vjReYL5JT9qq9B=w430-h640" width="430" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Scaly-breasted Munia</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYlNEbbCLtjCdt22O8IFhwq5Dreg3HSwZ2I17V3VuWO8vpiFYWP5ynXDQ_gk_nL3sqSXj6LgHCGIC5_GU4VXc0wr-zQGeRgGwlsciLSLMbBwCJzFLo2A44bNdkP94MY57O3FM4yWAgXjTe0VFnRgxhcV1QIwPd8WQvfWR89x-iuOfM4djC1Nt-3nFM=s1100" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="821" data-original-width="1100" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYlNEbbCLtjCdt22O8IFhwq5Dreg3HSwZ2I17V3VuWO8vpiFYWP5ynXDQ_gk_nL3sqSXj6LgHCGIC5_GU4VXc0wr-zQGeRgGwlsciLSLMbBwCJzFLo2A44bNdkP94MY57O3FM4yWAgXjTe0VFnRgxhcV1QIwPd8WQvfWR89x-iuOfM4djC1Nt-3nFM=w640-h478" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Common Tailorbird</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTrBEOVM1Z0UTxUu3dXtPOu7PXlWtb4PG4273Vg6TZrNFjChkgObdXZKO_XRmp6dSJGYYintRiMu0XsnC8TmMVsNPOZ31BRuXdEWkl9Uxj_CPO69-6FL4IuQ1p76cRTP0MjyyW4izegRbEsUaC4HCU-WNl0q4_ftcnNAnQ64pDwUEg3T_IaTmf9WcG=s1093" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="731" data-original-width="1093" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTrBEOVM1Z0UTxUu3dXtPOu7PXlWtb4PG4273Vg6TZrNFjChkgObdXZKO_XRmp6dSJGYYintRiMu0XsnC8TmMVsNPOZ31BRuXdEWkl9Uxj_CPO69-6FL4IuQ1p76cRTP0MjyyW4izegRbEsUaC4HCU-WNl0q4_ftcnNAnQ64pDwUEg3T_IaTmf9WcG=w640-h428" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker (male)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgbtYT9A-5I4MzSaVdXdasNUnY0LhRn7zhAq_eVAs9VSTu5uNXNUrKaUr0WW7FQk7aGo1r9Cdloe31uslE4QFvt9GXG2q1TS4m2QTTBz2eLsIEuBKdkPGEMex_WKmZ8mGuPyXe75vSoFEMqq8tdoU_bcRJUvKOAsZKLZJyef_O27VK1NB7gmjt17TB3=s1097" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="728" data-original-width="1097" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgbtYT9A-5I4MzSaVdXdasNUnY0LhRn7zhAq_eVAs9VSTu5uNXNUrKaUr0WW7FQk7aGo1r9Cdloe31uslE4QFvt9GXG2q1TS4m2QTTBz2eLsIEuBKdkPGEMex_WKmZ8mGuPyXe75vSoFEMqq8tdoU_bcRJUvKOAsZKLZJyef_O27VK1NB7gmjt17TB3=w640-h424" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Koel (Male)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgir6NXm20Cn7Cc_D9hcw3Pns2eEEyiAJSlgSNrTXPZ1FxArhiujLIZAY_5SU21QISHmVdhPrbvLwnUp-aYr3ZgjOG982LflSUDvg985r4Osg9JRmk2r8NU0gyinyHfjZGXyGbiXVgxsNe5_1mDZ6ILjzSEPwE49aXiVKQiqUlIH1IQuyEz18ZF3_pH=s1024" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgir6NXm20Cn7Cc_D9hcw3Pns2eEEyiAJSlgSNrTXPZ1FxArhiujLIZAY_5SU21QISHmVdhPrbvLwnUp-aYr3ZgjOG982LflSUDvg985r4Osg9JRmk2r8NU0gyinyHfjZGXyGbiXVgxsNe5_1mDZ6ILjzSEPwE49aXiVKQiqUlIH1IQuyEz18ZF3_pH=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pied Fantail feeding chicks</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj57E8tnT5Y_xhiI2ZuVe5qIJm-W5027f5g77V0KLkj_1Lbjb5YCFL4UQCSIcvZCQFg1kMq-D2Odv-h4TahkrEaqW_Dm8zRYSW2T0HJTPCsfjFFr_-XZGXigAQ4Oa48p7UzL-Sgp2StgqoxhymnX58y38cj1NnYkCFLMmcxFyZfzKUGxRhDGR66UTiG=s1880" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1253" data-original-width="1880" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj57E8tnT5Y_xhiI2ZuVe5qIJm-W5027f5g77V0KLkj_1Lbjb5YCFL4UQCSIcvZCQFg1kMq-D2Odv-h4TahkrEaqW_Dm8zRYSW2T0HJTPCsfjFFr_-XZGXigAQ4Oa48p7UzL-Sgp2StgqoxhymnX58y38cj1NnYkCFLMmcxFyZfzKUGxRhDGR66UTiG=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Crested Goshawk feeding chicks</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVkAj0R9WsrDConc6Ig5FY-OZFDnQkLZzBBOpOubr765ys3A50pmQCeBqVnzW6fS1yXmKZiHvVJO0IMOGeD4LXn1BhKxUjfbNMlNoXDoXRusPUiBJOxX1cQ1pZozcxNgzFJJOH2b5sIsQlCbnjCbI1aFHIohIxs2wtYn-z9S_k0Gkq_NEUElO0fDd7=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1561" data-original-width="2000" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVkAj0R9WsrDConc6Ig5FY-OZFDnQkLZzBBOpOubr765ys3A50pmQCeBqVnzW6fS1yXmKZiHvVJO0IMOGeD4LXn1BhKxUjfbNMlNoXDoXRusPUiBJOxX1cQ1pZozcxNgzFJJOH2b5sIsQlCbnjCbI1aFHIohIxs2wtYn-z9S_k0Gkq_NEUElO0fDd7=w640-h500" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Yellow-vented Bulbul</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgd-AmUXRqIeRUYkwoqt7nC-_4yMgNVoYmBzf0usPt5uYn_T5ZXtFzzz7xV499cWfwUzQ5h67qYFVHmZXc8QZFvIn5cWsw6DF8A1LggDw_Faw3Kn3lE8UUsz2xTRKRfLwkqLl_iE1Yk2dzx3X0qD-8HERdyJqIalsO8U2F4SiCwWTb6mKWMrN0ynMZ2=s1887" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1336" data-original-width="1887" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgd-AmUXRqIeRUYkwoqt7nC-_4yMgNVoYmBzf0usPt5uYn_T5ZXtFzzz7xV499cWfwUzQ5h67qYFVHmZXc8QZFvIn5cWsw6DF8A1LggDw_Faw3Kn3lE8UUsz2xTRKRfLwkqLl_iE1Yk2dzx3X0qD-8HERdyJqIalsO8U2F4SiCwWTb6mKWMrN0ynMZ2=w640-h454" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Yellow-vented Bulbul feeding fledgeling</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhaVpRPDWXdRBE94ixxXcHEr0ZeXTbsmz8e3aHmCcWZ9fgsTYNHVy9ic4ofewURkJaEoN5Sh6xjzp1WxjBz3xArYT5lwKMn_1gxq91bH_KvKByHa5Si0TOomZ5jhHJbhbBRcdPGZRqmrWMZXNOLCg3trycrPpe6jgfHcr_-BHTDqg5WE5kMIGDrAuAM=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhaVpRPDWXdRBE94ixxXcHEr0ZeXTbsmz8e3aHmCcWZ9fgsTYNHVy9ic4ofewURkJaEoN5Sh6xjzp1WxjBz3xArYT5lwKMn_1gxq91bH_KvKByHa5Si0TOomZ5jhHJbhbBRcdPGZRqmrWMZXNOLCg3trycrPpe6jgfHcr_-BHTDqg5WE5kMIGDrAuAM=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Little Spiderhunter</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjDLkhjb1m_dGUPgVhN86agosqX6n4_7RQZU2qgF570-KnLVkgkBZN4hofjvE0dzwAfJYGxyTZGIwO7JNq-kWAyK4i2hrQO4tlWN-p40G0kTqZJOP_GZhgCkm55mG93IkIFIuczSI0xeu794MAqYOn_X-VqnYaA5dGzx-uALEUgrmbJE-3Lqasy5pd=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjDLkhjb1m_dGUPgVhN86agosqX6n4_7RQZU2qgF570-KnLVkgkBZN4hofjvE0dzwAfJYGxyTZGIwO7JNq-kWAyK4i2hrQO4tlWN-p40G0kTqZJOP_GZhgCkm55mG93IkIFIuczSI0xeu794MAqYOn_X-VqnYaA5dGzx-uALEUgrmbJE-3Lqasy5pd=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Asian Glossy Starling (male)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGuwydZZOlROpJYW8BvF8MXDVq3-5xwJQJu6qn2iXwYmi_FbuhMz-RCXaA_TDc6uSVHVjQW-wjT7BDRbdAgLPocDfGf1Ovi4WooELma7QVi3QRuDZP7FEWWaYqd1unrA3MXpcht4U9gig9FYb9-feV0D9Ctsn1LkqW0cw-KgGzqLZaiaCSZbPAnlok=s2916" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2011" data-original-width="2916" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGuwydZZOlROpJYW8BvF8MXDVq3-5xwJQJu6qn2iXwYmi_FbuhMz-RCXaA_TDc6uSVHVjQW-wjT7BDRbdAgLPocDfGf1Ovi4WooELma7QVi3QRuDZP7FEWWaYqd1unrA3MXpcht4U9gig9FYb9-feV0D9Ctsn1LkqW0cw-KgGzqLZaiaCSZbPAnlok=w640-h442" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Crimson Sunbird (male)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhick8uMY96ffjvVV33Z56_Qdn3l_QK_ODlTFcaTx1V-g3mTCZXksFIpT3SJpKGjixTOxsn9grJ44_s2MhHXanGNimoxY0PK7G-9zCnqDrki9Lw5-h0N3DrN46c8wHTfItTPmeS7J0QjfqkE7fI3vJ_a_wiLqEZTGd54ccKgcCQVMR3O5u6zqc5FD6I=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1334" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhick8uMY96ffjvVV33Z56_Qdn3l_QK_ODlTFcaTx1V-g3mTCZXksFIpT3SJpKGjixTOxsn9grJ44_s2MhHXanGNimoxY0PK7G-9zCnqDrki9Lw5-h0N3DrN46c8wHTfItTPmeS7J0QjfqkE7fI3vJ_a_wiLqEZTGd54ccKgcCQVMR3O5u6zqc5FD6I=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black-naped Oriole</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitXQK-Dh3yezUSeZE-YVNGxmZzJGTPQQr8MxHbJOBqoGti83A-trFUCJjtGQ7ZuWGvOzmhNpFai8ZikxauNsHAB4urQcr3wyS2PZvig78sTsigAzFbroH_pQiJhD-j-RK7VuBSycu9jOf2iuBat6HiQGLhw_dxoOSYHj3gSSvxx5iDqguyV8xAqTeS=s2494" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1663" data-original-width="2494" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitXQK-Dh3yezUSeZE-YVNGxmZzJGTPQQr8MxHbJOBqoGti83A-trFUCJjtGQ7ZuWGvOzmhNpFai8ZikxauNsHAB4urQcr3wyS2PZvig78sTsigAzFbroH_pQiJhD-j-RK7VuBSycu9jOf2iuBat6HiQGLhw_dxoOSYHj3gSSvxx5iDqguyV8xAqTeS=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Racket-tailed Drongo</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Sundry species.</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Various species of butterflies flutter above the forest and night sonic soundings indicate a number of bat species are also present. My friend Nick Baker has identified; Black-bearded Tomb bats, Blyth's Glossy Horseshoe bat, Whiskered myotis and the Asiatic lesser yellow house bat to be present in the surrounds on Diamond Villa. Images of these can be seen on Nick's website <a href="http://www.ecologyasia.com" target="_blank">seen here</a></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div></div></blockquote><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiB8LHq-6U54rKk3q8pFZxw5la0B3BqKag-NATCayXz5icdA1UD14IhyM2M6aJ4UM26-L2Pz2Tjo57Bd9ZANHvu409ReLkEvoNGFKrdlSlRI7MLE3c7hgN9JHGt_GciDkDoCmeWNChQQ9DswpLv59jWlckPe26GICCIze7EEIDrw-PkKrXTv7tO-LXP=s2754" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1989" data-original-width="2754" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiB8LHq-6U54rKk3q8pFZxw5la0B3BqKag-NATCayXz5icdA1UD14IhyM2M6aJ4UM26-L2Pz2Tjo57Bd9ZANHvu409ReLkEvoNGFKrdlSlRI7MLE3c7hgN9JHGt_GciDkDoCmeWNChQQ9DswpLv59jWlckPe26GICCIze7EEIDrw-PkKrXTv7tO-LXP=w640-h462" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Blue-Glassy Tiger</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjBCMT8CiQGplWliS_dztwaJqYn5jAe8b78o8pcykWjufL6HZ1y3CuSX1IIEeFrBH7M8RDe18lTa4snatlGqjzuPkt8EllAUjsN7iyDryCPCpTONZO5Lo007cGIslLMtHVIltcytzmka-uwXC8ErQ-wBZ56age-EjfxwLgBk-AezBj6J1gwRF-xQolM=s1700" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="1372" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjBCMT8CiQGplWliS_dztwaJqYn5jAe8b78o8pcykWjufL6HZ1y3CuSX1IIEeFrBH7M8RDe18lTa4snatlGqjzuPkt8EllAUjsN7iyDryCPCpTONZO5Lo007cGIslLMtHVIltcytzmka-uwXC8ErQ-wBZ56age-EjfxwLgBk-AezBj6J1gwRF-xQolM=w516-h640" width="516" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Red Helen</span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Reptiles</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The most common of these are the Clouded Monitor Lizards. In the last two years a Reticulated Python and a Monocled Cobra have been removed by the appropriate authorities. There are no doubt others in the forest. Changeable lizards abound but are much harder to spot. <span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></div></div></blockquote><p> </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2aBNAUuiZVxY1Yofka03W9wRRlk2v3xas7KWAlfK9F-jici-MZhbjjKFnB0Z3KHU-PQFLRiIFiONGdmVGxc42tF0n4MTk9ID9RputvyskXijEZuCzvFnGijben-sEn2w_M-zGejmyRfN1GFwe515e_b8mU07ZJilk7sfLXV9Vp_NSI-GxOZg8nJUZ=s2016" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2aBNAUuiZVxY1Yofka03W9wRRlk2v3xas7KWAlfK9F-jici-MZhbjjKFnB0Z3KHU-PQFLRiIFiONGdmVGxc42tF0n4MTk9ID9RputvyskXijEZuCzvFnGijben-sEn2w_M-zGejmyRfN1GFwe515e_b8mU07ZJilk7sfLXV9Vp_NSI-GxOZg8nJUZ=w480-h640" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Reticulated Python</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitPGXWef8COm9t2OX1z-XdSV6XIPyxPPXcfpjo8GE89AnOCdXSlQvM3y-XdPKNiipKXpD8tIg15rhLaHqfyHax__k0C1rI82L3e17qiK7W3G-hhNnsB_im_qiPferV-lhCI_u_mDbQo8pZMTawiI5zlKj-tpvKzLwfcshJwKvGxUBNT5xnxH_3ZgYB=s4032" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitPGXWef8COm9t2OX1z-XdSV6XIPyxPPXcfpjo8GE89AnOCdXSlQvM3y-XdPKNiipKXpD8tIg15rhLaHqfyHax__k0C1rI82L3e17qiK7W3G-hhNnsB_im_qiPferV-lhCI_u_mDbQo8pZMTawiI5zlKj-tpvKzLwfcshJwKvGxUBNT5xnxH_3ZgYB=w480-h640" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Monocled Cobra</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-Wm6mlNYTdv2Tb42WLq692eLqMgKY65LvTrPYywjiVTcFssBD2NLmm0rw_JdbQe7I1KhrnTI4h-8V9SzUR1z2gAcBmGJh9uA4k97DFhwUmMlj11hN-97Vv7xXJn1n7RaPMcIYrxZM7xFXleRMrhzW72gC4ewKymorCFhdt5NnnydnKdBK--bw1HhT=s1692" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1692" data-original-width="1132" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-Wm6mlNYTdv2Tb42WLq692eLqMgKY65LvTrPYywjiVTcFssBD2NLmm0rw_JdbQe7I1KhrnTI4h-8V9SzUR1z2gAcBmGJh9uA4k97DFhwUmMlj11hN-97Vv7xXJn1n7RaPMcIYrxZM7xFXleRMrhzW72gC4ewKymorCFhdt5NnnydnKdBK--bw1HhT=w428-h640" width="428" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Clouded Monitor Lizard</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></blockquote><p> </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4PvWwsUXB4pcdSpqdBLDesjaKtjUWlzCX9vIjlD-jnJ4LEFk87HeadsTTPL6YMbZYd3tbpThWYIbYi3kCM2wbYWlpl4VzBI4Dkf5cVBxmTXe6mUDfsEwpAJPQmzzGsJ2mU4cXKbKwLJXMeMq_ruc8bY8U7SIKVuEGP55raW5yrGuZFsg6QJZtMbn_=s2522" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1681" data-original-width="2522" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4PvWwsUXB4pcdSpqdBLDesjaKtjUWlzCX9vIjlD-jnJ4LEFk87HeadsTTPL6YMbZYd3tbpThWYIbYi3kCM2wbYWlpl4VzBI4Dkf5cVBxmTXe6mUDfsEwpAJPQmzzGsJ2mU4cXKbKwLJXMeMq_ruc8bY8U7SIKVuEGP55raW5yrGuZFsg6QJZtMbn_=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Changeable Lizard</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Raptors</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">There are two species that fill the airways frequently…..Brahminy Kites and White-Bellied Sea Eagles.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Brahminy Kites</b></span></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Somewhat smaller than the eagles this handsome species nests higher up in Pearl Hill. They are not as prolific hunters as the eagles and will also prey on carrion. These kites also perform aerial dances in the mating season. They appear to like ‘in-flight’ meals.</span></div></div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxZVBn7gFHnFd85h5opGnxfQAFhpXa6Z5CL6nG2W6m9pi5tNjHYJ7mXZNRmQ_LN9e7rWVGcefJMZi3Spk-PNEW5825fNhT87goSgnAVyxt1-ttOvwXyE1U27po8tqpwjEm0YPOGOHqBCqZhIwMdVzyDjgVjJPwHbc2YpFxyXRbYegnt4OqSoECOh9q=s1420" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1420" data-original-width="1034" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxZVBn7gFHnFd85h5opGnxfQAFhpXa6Z5CL6nG2W6m9pi5tNjHYJ7mXZNRmQ_LN9e7rWVGcefJMZi3Spk-PNEW5825fNhT87goSgnAVyxt1-ttOvwXyE1U27po8tqpwjEm0YPOGOHqBCqZhIwMdVzyDjgVjJPwHbc2YpFxyXRbYegnt4OqSoECOh9q=w466-h640" width="466" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2R8kJ_qqVfzhRflSt21fbDX4B3J39UzIatm_XubpUemGY4oTb5bCnU72e3luviKFLj9PJ7l_cGLx9w1FHUM4B1QCLG9qVzsIY24h35DJnAQwFF4eUCWnZb5ZdHK4kv2C6LEPQh5017DjikbeZ9_x1JyqDqDbF9ZcPiRPLtYIOU1qVD0HIL7flEGZG=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2R8kJ_qqVfzhRflSt21fbDX4B3J39UzIatm_XubpUemGY4oTb5bCnU72e3luviKFLj9PJ7l_cGLx9w1FHUM4B1QCLG9qVzsIY24h35DJnAQwFF4eUCWnZb5ZdHK4kv2C6LEPQh5017DjikbeZ9_x1JyqDqDbF9ZcPiRPLtYIOU1qVD0HIL7flEGZG=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEguXHajCk6rsQuhH-cdzUhjFZCAPng15Al_CYrCuMcLJIKr9Sxbo3e6AtL7iTZb9KEsb0Aovjuqu6-lH8O8E5Z1EYgXmiyZ0EnlJjQLj6mvqI43rojzNefy-SVUmVA1iMAa3lMB1t4bnjyWK775n3Hubf5ZwHIhepHfNnLGmZlWtvLEoKSN2l3b_DGZ=s3500" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" data-original-height="2333" data-original-width="3500" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEguXHajCk6rsQuhH-cdzUhjFZCAPng15Al_CYrCuMcLJIKr9Sxbo3e6AtL7iTZb9KEsb0Aovjuqu6-lH8O8E5Z1EYgXmiyZ0EnlJjQLj6mvqI43rojzNefy-SVUmVA1iMAa3lMB1t4bnjyWK775n3Hubf5ZwHIhepHfNnLGmZlWtvLEoKSN2l3b_DGZ=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhL3Mp47BN3Bm2roLh_EcD8TribESXDXQDNtMXXrketWPcKt9E7KgyXjBLdLYFcZkU1J7Rcv5fgVcbl3mawSOC58KV6bhQiEbXDZViB1eLreTwz4BF4W26jjL11jdMp8Ysc4ZhU0BRguqvnPLUOCwk9wN-rw6jfWcT4ST7OFEvSar9SPrtn03MoOdcE=s2272" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1515" data-original-width="2272" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhL3Mp47BN3Bm2roLh_EcD8TribESXDXQDNtMXXrketWPcKt9E7KgyXjBLdLYFcZkU1J7Rcv5fgVcbl3mawSOC58KV6bhQiEbXDZViB1eLreTwz4BF4W26jjL11jdMp8Ysc4ZhU0BRguqvnPLUOCwk9wN-rw6jfWcT4ST7OFEvSar9SPrtn03MoOdcE=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">White-bellied Sea Eagles.</span></span></h2><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">The local White-bellied Sea Eagles hunt for fish in the Strait of Malacca and fly past our windows while gaining height to fly to their nest and favourite perches. The adult pair spend a lot of the year and their energy raising young. Mating dances take place towards the end of the year. Large branches are also collected to add to the already substantial nesting stack. Soft plant material is constantly added to provide a comfortable egg platform and nursery. Mating takes place around the nesting site in early January. When eggs are laid (a maximum of two) the incubation takes six weeks. The adults take turns sitting on the eggs. When the young birds emerge they are covered in white down. Initially the female will attend the chick while the male brings in food. Usually only one chick survives and it will be fed regularly. During the feeding period we see a constant supply of fish being carried past our 21st storey windows. A variety of fish species are seen in the eagle's talons including Puffer fish, which are very toxic to humans unless prepared by master chefs. The chicks, now almost as large as the parents fledge in 90-100 days. It takes the juveniles 4 years to attain the adult colouration.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">One place where the White-bellied Sea eagle resides but is rarely seen by me is on the Singaporean $10.000 bank note.</span></div></div></blockquote><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyFbA3voVLFw9oWoWoXYHNX8A048_eEKc3Rn1wWfrP8fREgBdoK-uTL5NbSt6PqcdsH7KdQ2OljMv0bxDZ8LJknYhweszK86ZmHv96-094x2uempWwwwnHVoH-5suQCpHBJpu-DjsyA3Lf2OvirqbC6L3iK-pfrdZUHKHXKkGvbEnNoBwJucUXops9=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1333" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyFbA3voVLFw9oWoWoXYHNX8A048_eEKc3Rn1wWfrP8fREgBdoK-uTL5NbSt6PqcdsH7KdQ2OljMv0bxDZ8LJknYhweszK86ZmHv96-094x2uempWwwwnHVoH-5suQCpHBJpu-DjsyA3Lf2OvirqbC6L3iK-pfrdZUHKHXKkGvbEnNoBwJucUXops9=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult Eagle with a Puffer fish</span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiN4Va2L_yXjGTyK4HmIGMoc-50MJkqnndtg8KQl6hMMyFUJqCb3hpDpcpAAyFSkuodtOF26TsFA7xhRPgHT-9J1t4P554m5gTDpG9H3uHsddjaUdh3RWJS2Sg1EzK8cYQC3X6iuOWnmvAa3X2URdou1iCl_OcLVSMlgRejN9-1hI1gY-wF8WRjbShq=s789" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="789" data-original-width="526" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiN4Va2L_yXjGTyK4HmIGMoc-50MJkqnndtg8KQl6hMMyFUJqCb3hpDpcpAAyFSkuodtOF26TsFA7xhRPgHT-9J1t4P554m5gTDpG9H3uHsddjaUdh3RWJS2Sg1EzK8cYQC3X6iuOWnmvAa3X2URdou1iCl_OcLVSMlgRejN9-1hI1gY-wF8WRjbShq=w426-h640" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1ADlsnT8f9EOGjemvfBvmLfPFPlc2SvvdHiOgGj8BLuRPzENi8B5staeoDXc_Ic0agwNqG3WdXl9hq8VNUAbZXEBfgzXfz41YaHQqH2Lznzl4ZfXjLIUrIgubkvFVyO0wj8T8vhZOBuOROwbTJm6S108V8-7KnG-mLFv-QZ6AkSPSFyX23GDPkLIn=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="2000" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1ADlsnT8f9EOGjemvfBvmLfPFPlc2SvvdHiOgGj8BLuRPzENi8B5staeoDXc_Ic0agwNqG3WdXl9hq8VNUAbZXEBfgzXfz41YaHQqH2Lznzl4ZfXjLIUrIgubkvFVyO0wj8T8vhZOBuOROwbTJm6S108V8-7KnG-mLFv-QZ6AkSPSFyX23GDPkLIn=w640-h410" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgebn_N6FZLYaDlhWh2ZagOuqdrrYgXNgidLUSILH45WWMBQhDQq9FTPMgWRfiSmGgbpuIyOBn0GFp-Rg6Otd5sAY08ymLiyUkubMaSK0DYevGzDBDA6k-o3a9bRAlW9CLXz25qcWrtL2wvKPUJfwSLTbUPDPycwRToyCvS4HzGTtccehA_LG7CkUEm=s2059" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1373" data-original-width="2059" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgebn_N6FZLYaDlhWh2ZagOuqdrrYgXNgidLUSILH45WWMBQhDQq9FTPMgWRfiSmGgbpuIyOBn0GFp-Rg6Otd5sAY08ymLiyUkubMaSK0DYevGzDBDA6k-o3a9bRAlW9CLXz25qcWrtL2wvKPUJfwSLTbUPDPycwRToyCvS4HzGTtccehA_LG7CkUEm=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOxMBwKQxayzhFtm7ofbjiLBx2bEUICE8poCifTaBXa57hgUu9vtpvVd1enFJ-C3FfVUK7WYo8vFJOsTsEKZ_EtaIFXznsV2rMx9K5vVme2EbAh-bA-LzI4gk3Cujg8ezTR-ayhpBWJYmakqUxOFMdtMlwV43K4nP3D8upg6L-AnErAGXZ-nP8ZlXI=s2062" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1375" data-original-width="2062" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOxMBwKQxayzhFtm7ofbjiLBx2bEUICE8poCifTaBXa57hgUu9vtpvVd1enFJ-C3FfVUK7WYo8vFJOsTsEKZ_EtaIFXznsV2rMx9K5vVme2EbAh-bA-LzI4gk3Cujg8ezTR-ayhpBWJYmakqUxOFMdtMlwV43K4nP3D8upg6L-AnErAGXZ-nP8ZlXI=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></blockquote><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvqY82D_VXn55Ki0fZ02l4j1Yo716_uZnmZNCiuZhWY0bIWdK8WNM1TYQwLPsbQBc4SJlgp-w8m92AxuHqiL0mpHfpLpujrawcaric7PCHp6c5eyQ5j_QLjvkXNj5x3alk3NG8cjlfOS0M1WEh2OtFBGuW95IU_sTjYr9E_z8dkfEOz87AlIcoKf61=s1868" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1495" data-original-width="1868" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvqY82D_VXn55Ki0fZ02l4j1Yo716_uZnmZNCiuZhWY0bIWdK8WNM1TYQwLPsbQBc4SJlgp-w8m92AxuHqiL0mpHfpLpujrawcaric7PCHp6c5eyQ5j_QLjvkXNj5x3alk3NG8cjlfOS0M1WEh2OtFBGuW95IU_sTjYr9E_z8dkfEOz87AlIcoKf61=w640-h512" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="text-align: left;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLkLyxaycRI_ZkPe8o90mCfeHM8AYoFjk1O1li7cczsrPddHltINHvw6I4H_padrN4azL9E3BFQU9TpFJ7QpvEMiwkqZIuN8XPqPE5UjcsOR9pcxDWuI_3irIDPVBTPn4w1fzhz3HRK6-ADfDajSeSEv2MODG4_vR5M8ZQd5G-b839xcOAbJOyVhLc=s2288" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1503" data-original-width="2288" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLkLyxaycRI_ZkPe8o90mCfeHM8AYoFjk1O1li7cczsrPddHltINHvw6I4H_padrN4azL9E3BFQU9TpFJ7QpvEMiwkqZIuN8XPqPE5UjcsOR9pcxDWuI_3irIDPVBTPn4w1fzhz3HRK6-ADfDajSeSEv2MODG4_vR5M8ZQd5G-b839xcOAbJOyVhLc=w640-h420" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><br /></b><h2><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Beaches</b></h2></td></tr></tbody></table></h2><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">There are a number of beaches along the shores of the Strait. The nearest beach to Diamond Villa is the Abbas Road beach. </span></div></div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDXE1bTJZ0IThpExGjS9cUBQ5ThAsTupPKJw1eN4aNOiYlLhipYBFgWOFvFDO3kUYGAtvHgm1MdOoWgHlJhVhqYEpxrsu5KfTWHmwqK-TgbUpQG6M1O0wXLzrLad8IeqGN9vziYDPP9qXThfnHgYdra-58kA6NkQlGa0n-7p9OI9q3i-9RU-NLZagH=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDXE1bTJZ0IThpExGjS9cUBQ5ThAsTupPKJw1eN4aNOiYlLhipYBFgWOFvFDO3kUYGAtvHgm1MdOoWgHlJhVhqYEpxrsu5KfTWHmwqK-TgbUpQG6M1O0wXLzrLad8IeqGN9vziYDPP9qXThfnHgYdra-58kA6NkQlGa0n-7p9OI9q3i-9RU-NLZagH=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqONGjea5gJqHCCppqi_BVR-BmMj90Q0hCklro1hVVTag4CfMr_muc17P3lG9ouRhgHEns65bd3RNKXJnOhXKqV3MoSAqZZ9LaiNxAj7WGvDctmvQyYh4H28BEkz28RyJKMxcF8PIx4h8IuHtl9DRBB-DnnmtAUp-1plZbxgvxxhCKHfzmRzC3vEdn=s1300" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="910" data-original-width="1300" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqONGjea5gJqHCCppqi_BVR-BmMj90Q0hCklro1hVVTag4CfMr_muc17P3lG9ouRhgHEns65bd3RNKXJnOhXKqV3MoSAqZZ9LaiNxAj7WGvDctmvQyYh4H28BEkz28RyJKMxcF8PIx4h8IuHtl9DRBB-DnnmtAUp-1plZbxgvxxhCKHfzmRzC3vEdn=w640-h448" width="640" /></a></div><br /></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXBo097GMK5rFWu9opF_DLego91GHjVQX60JF71510VUSfvMPoNAAdn6tCsBlNVAQmPXtGYOZADpuk36GaPIc1IIcFbvIjGSNluZ2p4n8GCS4WzrmW3uMReHrB9rp88-JCjSem4AY_4noeos7KmLOTtjTA7IpFdvEKyF8JYwgCRlW7otmkg5uxCjjv=s4032" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXBo097GMK5rFWu9opF_DLego91GHjVQX60JF71510VUSfvMPoNAAdn6tCsBlNVAQmPXtGYOZADpuk36GaPIc1IIcFbvIjGSNluZ2p4n8GCS4WzrmW3uMReHrB9rp88-JCjSem4AY_4noeos7KmLOTtjTA7IpFdvEKyF8JYwgCRlW7otmkg5uxCjjv=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Smooth-coated Otters</b></h2></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">During certain periods a local family of Smooth-coated Otters pass by, dive for fish or frolic on the sand. The family of 5 became 8 at the beginning of 2021 before losing two pups during the year. One of the favourite games of the otters is to tease dogs into chasing them into the water. In that environment the otters rule and the dog usually recognizes that when his feet get nipped.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiOOwNkeNvCpLxdF9mlpdYwTOOLwdjnapKzO0HA0XTxnGsIoPZUxlUAXWcDuW7Xl7NuFTDEWdE0K-RWirUUwyBmsPPLQtSmYkTKvrIG5xRqt5bEx0Dm9IQsL2LnOU0JXcWfwyjMVHCVgWlPM8gNHAd5Ooj7skXtTJ-iBxUZMSHRu2qyRUSeSa7sBs-w=s1920" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiOOwNkeNvCpLxdF9mlpdYwTOOLwdjnapKzO0HA0XTxnGsIoPZUxlUAXWcDuW7Xl7NuFTDEWdE0K-RWirUUwyBmsPPLQtSmYkTKvrIG5xRqt5bEx0Dm9IQsL2LnOU0JXcWfwyjMVHCVgWlPM8gNHAd5Ooj7skXtTJ-iBxUZMSHRu2qyRUSeSa7sBs-w=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuno3hRblgQoNDinCwpRL7KmmGlEBqoSArLfzXWX7WXzTbCkhe_8TjYbaI3fG0tVFEeNPoVWMdeg-0c_mIREoSJgkKcCc3PDp20anwluAyKFyUShweW389RlDhXOn4p4qG62wI4RCa05fOibI7CLHRrJJ2OPzmAIYFdb7EV2n80snQnJxfQhKWgmHx=s2000" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1267" data-original-width="2000" height="406" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuno3hRblgQoNDinCwpRL7KmmGlEBqoSArLfzXWX7WXzTbCkhe_8TjYbaI3fG0tVFEeNPoVWMdeg-0c_mIREoSJgkKcCc3PDp20anwluAyKFyUShweW389RlDhXOn4p4qG62wI4RCa05fOibI7CLHRrJJ2OPzmAIYFdb7EV2n80snQnJxfQhKWgmHx=w640-h406" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjej_fj0I6MbTHIyEOyjZ8_bHpLTAt-nEgFcNDz6nnkalMOPBSp9AlV3uOGR-IPSv_1W6zxIf-F_ZVgd_2wSJU8Wdh7XXG4zVNERRuIWpjfNav9Vp6BfFQRtxet92IU7BejcQQohIvzrcIOPMBOPa1Mkb-tqVoSNkHZWrhN2YJlVc_pdxpDW27pxnuI=s1920" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjej_fj0I6MbTHIyEOyjZ8_bHpLTAt-nEgFcNDz6nnkalMOPBSp9AlV3uOGR-IPSv_1W6zxIf-F_ZVgd_2wSJU8Wdh7XXG4zVNERRuIWpjfNav9Vp6BfFQRtxet92IU7BejcQQohIvzrcIOPMBOPa1Mkb-tqVoSNkHZWrhN2YJlVc_pdxpDW27pxnuI=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-31118915542309375962020-12-03T18:59:00.049-08:002023-03-30T02:17:55.935-07:00Dusky Langurs. Why the orange babies?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eM_omp0rO7I/X8ZNueyIviI/AAAAAAAAgZQ/dUeRSFxfSRo7ZzShh4jTicXW1CupvGC-QCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/gg-800.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eM_omp0rO7I/X8ZNueyIviI/AAAAAAAAgZQ/dUeRSFxfSRo7ZzShh4jTicXW1CupvGC-QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/gg-800.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A Dusky Langur mother with her orange baby</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Lutongs (lutungs), langurs or leaf monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys in the genus <i>Trachypithecus</i>. The name 'Lutung' from the Sundanese language means 'blackness'; and is the preferred name for members of this genus.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">DNA genetic analysis indicates that the ancestors of the modern species of lutung first differentiated from one another a little over 3 million years ago, during the late Pliocene, The various species alive today then diverged during the Pleistocene, presumably driven by habitat changes during ice ages. There are 20 species in the genus <i>Trachypithecus</i> today, listed below.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tzPotdfxu80/X8YWiYhm9MI/AAAAAAAAgWk/MIuViHDkq_QGTt50YCca7MJaJFUJ1LOJQCLcBGAsYHQ/s642/1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="516" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tzPotdfxu80/X8YWiYhm9MI/AAAAAAAAgWk/MIuViHDkq_QGTt50YCca7MJaJFUJ1LOJQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/1.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">The current lutung species, although living in different habitats have a number of similar habits and traits. One of these is that they mostly have orange coloured babies. This</span><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"> suggests that the genes encoding orange fur in infants is an ancestral gene(s) that has been maintained because it gives each species a survival advantage in their current habitat. It is very unlikely the 'orange baby' gene expression has evolved through parallel evolution in each species. This answers the question as to where the orange fur comes from. Clearly it is in the genome of the lutungs and is expressed appropriately within the life cycle of each species. Adult Gee's Golden langurs have orange fur and Javan Langurs have several adult fur colours with orange being one of them Capped langur adults have some patches of orange fur.</span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bYr-JkJeqY8/X8b2l_L-2kI/AAAAAAAAgZk/rWh5m4e6hUgdmGgyrtoZr1JkYxX4Lj6JwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Screenshot%2B2020-12-02%2Bat%2B10.03.16%2BAM.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="661" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bYr-JkJeqY8/X8b2l_L-2kI/AAAAAAAAgZk/rWh5m4e6hUgdmGgyrtoZr1JkYxX4Lj6JwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-12-02%2Bat%2B10.03.16%2BAM.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Phayre's Langur and baby</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mcmiQce_l5g/X8YRRASFJ2I/AAAAAAAAgV4/wdtNsWQa8ZULRIrhNGpYgQJa4_9-UJCJgCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/2.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mcmiQce_l5g/X8YRRASFJ2I/AAAAAAAAgV4/wdtNsWQa8ZULRIrhNGpYgQJa4_9-UJCJgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/2.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cat Ba langur with an orange infant.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zzo2sYCHVjc/X8YRQ9AayXI/AAAAAAAAgV0/k1ygINW-dkU67Ggrr9A4-kphehUtkBmrACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zzo2sYCHVjc/X8YRQ9AayXI/AAAAAAAAgV0/k1ygINW-dkU67Ggrr9A4-kphehUtkBmrACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/3.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Francois Langurs; Mother and infant</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6VTS9ig4uTM/X8YRQyCwR_I/AAAAAAAAgVw/TAKFIdjWaYk0TJauEBasbb6H5VTnvPbnwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1000/4.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6VTS9ig4uTM/X8YRQyCwR_I/AAAAAAAAgVw/TAKFIdjWaYk0TJauEBasbb6H5VTnvPbnwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/4.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Silvery Lutung with twins. It is rare for both to survive. Help from other troop members is vital.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-clrnOu7GKKY/X8YRRmWBp1I/AAAAAAAAgV8/MT-K2QX3Fhwjz-DTAeHQUu4sOxsr7-Y0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/5.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-clrnOu7GKKY/X8YRRmWBp1I/AAAAAAAAgV8/MT-K2QX3Fhwjz-DTAeHQUu4sOxsr7-Y0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/5.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult Gee's Golden Langur</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QO7zuaps7PM/X8YRR62pngI/AAAAAAAAgWE/TVmShAjOJ6Mdq41jjF8ePoXnLHpvmt00ACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/6.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QO7zuaps7PM/X8YRR62pngI/AAAAAAAAgWE/TVmShAjOJ6Mdq41jjF8ePoXnLHpvmt00ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/6.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult Javan Langurs; coat colours have several variations</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mlVcm4g87n0/X8YRSZKBKmI/AAAAAAAAgWI/9xbnF19nI3kf7dyumejfgqgiiHU2tE88gCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/7.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mlVcm4g87n0/X8YRSZKBKmI/AAAAAAAAgWI/9xbnF19nI3kf7dyumejfgqgiiHU2tE88gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/7.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Capped Langur; has patches of orange fur in adults</span></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mlVcm4g87n0/X8YRSZKBKmI/AAAAAAAAgWI/9xbnF19nI3kf7dyumejfgqgiiHU2tE88gCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/7.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">There have been several theories put forward as to what advantage the orange fur provides for the babies;</span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>1. Babies are bright orange so that mothers can easily find the young in the forest when they wander off.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>2. Babies are bright orange as a form of camouflage</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>3. Babies are bright orange to ease identification within the group to encourage, or more correctly, induce alloparenting.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The first theory is self explanatory. Bright orange is, well.....bright. It'll stick out among the leaves of the trees. The newborn is bright orange for only a few weeks as the colour transition to black/grey occurs soon after birth. During this time the infant is essentially glued to the mother's chest, thus very unlikely to stray.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In respect to the second theory, there are no predatory bird species preying on these monkeys. Most mammalian predators, especially felines are red/green colour-blind, This makes bright orange a great camouflage colour for newborns, but grey black is effective too,</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">For the third proposition, Old World Monkeys are trichromatic (they can see red/green/blue like us) and thus would be able to identify the infant against the dark adult coats. Alloparenting is a practice in some species where individuals other than the parents will provide care for the infant. This can include babysitting, carrying, and feeding. Alloparenting can increase reproductive success by providing more protection from predators, assist in the infant's social development and by helping non-parents learn mothering skills before raising their own.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">I believe the appearance of a small orange-coloured infant is a visual signal that triggers a hormonal response in the mature females of the troop with the result that the infant gets the best support during its most vulnerable time, the first two weeks of life. The arboreal feeding does not cease and the new mother must keep up with the others in moving through the forest.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The social structure of the troop is pertinent to this discussion.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lutungs live in groups of 5-20 animals, mostly in harems ie. A single male with a number of females. The young are the progeny of the alpha male. Young males leave their birth group when fully mature (4-5 years old), often forming bachelor groups. The troop, via the alpha male, coordinates a number of activities and moves through the forest together. Thus it is in the interest of the troop to support the most vulnerable members.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">My evidence comes from observing and photographing one troop, with around 20 members and their behaviour surrounding the arrival of two newborns to the group during 2020, one in May and one in July. They live in a dense rainforest and cannot be seen at all times, so the evidence is incomplete. Some of the interactions seen depend on the personality traits of the mother and these were somewhat different.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">I will describe the early journeys of Baby A and Baby B.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">When Baby A was introduced to the troop it was reminiscent of da Vinci's painting of 'The Adoration of the Magi' Other females in the troop gazed in awe and admiration and wanted to hold the infant. The mother seemed very independent and would not give her baby to others but they would assist with grooming and toilet duty. This trait continued when the infant was a little older...where she snatched the baby back if others tried to hold it. The mother was daring and took on the highest jumps with the infant clinging tight. She was an attentive mother and introduced the young one to eating leaves, much to the infant's mirth.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8Tm7LZVZ5Ac/X8YbsPd3z7I/AAAAAAAAgWw/3RVssXH_TeU6_29NDLscSRbIRhAt8pTCgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1167/6.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1167" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8Tm7LZVZ5Ac/X8YbsPd3z7I/AAAAAAAAgWw/3RVssXH_TeU6_29NDLscSRbIRhAt8pTCgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/6.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adoration of the new arrival (Baby A)<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mCN1S9bAfBg/X8YjTPfaLCI/AAAAAAAAgW8/etJBoild6xQn8IBxfFL77ahmO6F4_WSAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s815/8.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="815" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mCN1S9bAfBg/X8YjTPfaLCI/AAAAAAAAgW8/etJBoild6xQn8IBxfFL77ahmO6F4_WSAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/8.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult on the right wants to cuddle the infant. The mother would not allow it</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d_yu55BBf6g/X8Yjde5H74I/AAAAAAAAgXE/ZvmO1tWLe7kqVMExYpLDqNf80LRSj55EQCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/9.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d_yu55BBf6g/X8Yjde5H74I/AAAAAAAAgXE/ZvmO1tWLe7kqVMExYpLDqNf80LRSj55EQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/9.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Weeks later the adult on the left wants to hold the infant but the mother and the infant resist</span>.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ri7pwLRP6a4/X8YjiDv_iGI/AAAAAAAAgXM/N1ageUajIg0gl8lWCu7SfqQEiMfpprLKACLcBGAsYHQ/s915/10.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="915" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ri7pwLRP6a4/X8YjiDv_iGI/AAAAAAAAgXM/N1ageUajIg0gl8lWCu7SfqQEiMfpprLKACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/10.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The mother would make daring leaps when the infant was only days old. Survival depends on the infant's grip</span>.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VxxzvQ7bq5U/X8Yjh0VNwtI/AAAAAAAAgXI/Q_mmHhLQp_YHT5WU-vcAFOnn1xtcJsBmQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1500/10a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VxxzvQ7bq5U/X8Yjh0VNwtI/AAAAAAAAgXI/Q_mmHhLQp_YHT5WU-vcAFOnn1xtcJsBmQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/10a.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The mother would climb tall trees and jump from them into the canopy below<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zBxphmj5pDE/X8ZCUMFDVlI/AAAAAAAAgY4/djkEpDTqYY4x8fK0CWdZAfm-52Gq8lJbQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1004/AD6I7348.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1004" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zBxphmj5pDE/X8ZCUMFDVlI/AAAAAAAAgY4/djkEpDTqYY4x8fK0CWdZAfm-52Gq8lJbQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7348.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The life lessons are later done by the mother only.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Baby B was met with a similar adoring group when introduced to the troop. An aunty followed the mother for the first week. Several aunties took turns to hold the baby while the mother ate. An aunty also assisted with grooming while the mother nursed the infant. On another occasion the troop had to traverse a group of palm trees. It required precision jumping to grasp the thin stems. A group of three langurs arrived at the start of the obstacle course. One langur, possibly the mother, was carrying the infant. The trio appeared to have a conference and the baby was handed to another langur who completed the course with the young passenger. who was then handed back to presumably the Mum. It appeared they had selected the individual best able to complete the course with the impost. All these incidents (shown below) are clearly examples of alloparenting. </span></p><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GevvoLfLE-s/X8YmLXMbA9I/AAAAAAAAgXs/GRYA3yvDsz0A7E8G6JkbMIQw93IBBUQpgCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/11.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="743" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GevvoLfLE-s/X8YmLXMbA9I/AAAAAAAAgXs/GRYA3yvDsz0A7E8G6JkbMIQw93IBBUQpgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/11.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The arrival of Baby B also created an admiring audience.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jq2W0W6FMYs/X8YmLI1m-QI/AAAAAAAAgXo/VHZkRANPERExcq6s652KsigR00pvVDC1QCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/12.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="584" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jq2W0W6FMYs/X8YmLI1m-QI/AAAAAAAAgXo/VHZkRANPERExcq6s652KsigR00pvVDC1QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/12.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the first few weeks the mother had assistance from one or two aunties.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LX2rDso5wdQ/X8YmLVRIRUI/AAAAAAAAgXw/pcsOZE_zWeovhEd5lWP_ZPQfJOta5hRgQCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/13.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="707" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LX2rDso5wdQ/X8YmLVRIRUI/AAAAAAAAgXw/pcsOZE_zWeovhEd5lWP_ZPQfJOta5hRgQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/13.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The mother is in the foreground eating while the infant is held by an aunty,</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zMAeE8imGw0/X8YmL4zWF5I/AAAAAAAAgX0/WsbcpIYvliQWmarp0rsTPZVDoY33inZigCLcBGAsYHQ/s1280/14.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1175" data-original-width="1280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zMAeE8imGw0/X8YmL4zWF5I/AAAAAAAAgX0/WsbcpIYvliQWmarp0rsTPZVDoY33inZigCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/14.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another aunty arrives to look after the infant<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vz6V5I_fJqg/X8YmMVFnQGI/AAAAAAAAgX4/lk_2csDn_SInoBsL8W5AhI3KCsnWNTcpACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/15.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="798" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vz6V5I_fJqg/X8YmMVFnQGI/AAAAAAAAgX4/lk_2csDn_SInoBsL8W5AhI3KCsnWNTcpACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/15.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Aunties continue their alloparenting</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Zi1NwtEr7bQ/X8YmMfrS3lI/AAAAAAAAgX8/0-yiBG8W9-whN3omRWvIGFQc3l0lBT3IQCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/16.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Zi1NwtEr7bQ/X8YmMfrS3lI/AAAAAAAAgX8/0-yiBG8W9-whN3omRWvIGFQc3l0lBT3IQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/16.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s91EadFuYeI/X8YmMpflT6I/AAAAAAAAgYA/jPDFkh5Gp7kYcNfnr3PhRiqDuvZHmONlgCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/17.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s91EadFuYeI/X8YmMpflT6I/AAAAAAAAgYA/jPDFkh5Gp7kYcNfnr3PhRiqDuvZHmONlgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/17.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">While the mother nurses the baby an aunty grooms the infant</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eIHM07VkGjY/X8ZJjoP9CrI/AAAAAAAAgZE/EAreb1Q5yrsWd3F1v7nMAajJ7QeNW7btQCLcBGAsYHQ/s904/21.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eIHM07VkGjY/X8ZJjoP9CrI/AAAAAAAAgZE/EAreb1Q5yrsWd3F1v7nMAajJ7QeNW7btQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/21.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The palm trees where the most accomplished jumper took the infant.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The assistance the mother gets does not last more than a month and seems proportional to the intensity of the orange colour of the infant which starts giving way to the adult grey/black within weeks of birth. The adoration cluster seems to last only a week or less.</p><p></p></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It was one of my main aims to record the colour transition on one of the infants I obtained a complete set with Baby B. The numbers represent the number of days from the baby's birth. To see how long it took for the orange to fully disappear.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W0OCjovjHn0/X8ZACEjPb-I/AAAAAAAAgYY/vu-AKH6bDv8nT5XQGWfoXWmIb83UhFyLACLcBGAsYHQ/s1220/18.png" style="font-family: Times; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1220" data-original-width="801" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W0OCjovjHn0/X8ZACEjPb-I/AAAAAAAAgYY/vu-AKH6bDv8nT5XQGWfoXWmIb83UhFyLACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/18.png" /></a> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jjlt72yJBwU/X8ZACBn7SZI/AAAAAAAAgYU/FN6LzWtyQKA5WGniosm2hPBrCSLFtZ29gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1206/19.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1206" data-original-width="801" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jjlt72yJBwU/X8ZACBn7SZI/AAAAAAAAgYU/FN6LzWtyQKA5WGniosm2hPBrCSLFtZ29gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/19.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LO6KmVNlUlQ/X8ZACT9oIxI/AAAAAAAAgYc/wgqGoiwwECkCasgRfTgEcr5KnVTnFAZCACLcBGAsYHQ/s1186/20.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1186" data-original-width="801" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LO6KmVNlUlQ/X8ZACT9oIxI/AAAAAAAAgYc/wgqGoiwwECkCasgRfTgEcr5KnVTnFAZCACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/20.png" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">In the image below although mainly orange (around 50 days old) the infant is very mobile, very cheeky and sitting on its father's head.</span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wdkPMHd1DVA/X8ZBWxCwGZI/AAAAAAAAgYs/4KtCXDIK3UIZeKLB04LH1p2X6azTeTdygCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/22.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="620" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wdkPMHd1DVA/X8ZBWxCwGZI/AAAAAAAAgYs/4KtCXDIK3UIZeKLB04LH1p2X6azTeTdygCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/22.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">At around 50 days old and very mobile the infant sits on the father's head.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">As the infant becomes more adept at getting around trees the mother does not need any direct assistance.....although members of the troop will play with junior and prevent it straying too far.</span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>So what triggers the response from the other females?</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It is most likely the arrival of the small orange-coloured baby triggers a visually-induced hormonal response in the 'aunties'. Primate hormones are the same as those in humans and although it is sure to be a cocktail or hormones involved, it likely involves oxytocin.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Oxytocin is known as the 'cuddle' or 'love' hormone. It is a powerful peptide hormone that acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. It plays an important role in reproduction, initiating contractions before birth as well as milk release. <u>It is thought to be involved in broader social cognition and behaviour, potentially ranging from mother-infant bonding and romantic connection to group-related attitudes and prejudice</u>. The hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream by the pituitary gland.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As a facilitator of bonding among those that share similar characteristics, the hormone may help set in motion preferential treatment of in-group members relative to those outside of one's group.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Listed below are the conclusions from this observational study;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>1. The gene(s) conferring orange fur are ancestral in <i>trachypithicus</i> species and are expressed during various development phases but notably in newborn infants.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>2. Any physical trait in a species is controlled by the expression of a specific set of genes and will be retained over time if it provides a survival advantage (in this case the retention has been for at least several million years).</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>3, The social group or troop is a team with a common interest for survival and inter-relationships.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>4. Orange-coloured newborns trigger a visual response in mature females that leads to hormone release and alloparenting traits.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>5. The assistance given is short-lived but assists the infant through the most vulnerable stage of its life.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>6. The visual trigger fades almost straight away and is gone in four months. Every effective triggering system requires an off-switch as well.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>All animal behaviour comes down to biochemistry</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>The final question to answer is; what do mothers do when their infant is being minded by aunties?</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>The answer;</b></div></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gtv1iIjyz28/X8dex1XaF5I/AAAAAAAAgaU/WNwvC-_p-RYgGAD_WLdKPY3LJGxcyg5BQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1014/AD6I9106-800.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1014" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gtv1iIjyz28/X8dex1XaF5I/AAAAAAAAgaU/WNwvC-_p-RYgGAD_WLdKPY3LJGxcyg5BQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9106-800.jpg" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">References</span></b><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This article is mainly based on observation and correlation. I have used few references but the following were sources of material: Done in modern internet referencing rather than traditional science requirements.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Best done this way due to blog constraints</i></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference 1. <a href="https://www.neprimateconservancy.org/langurs.html" target="_blank">Here</a></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference 2. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutung" target="_blank">Here</a></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference 3. <a href="http://animalia.bio/dusky-leaf-monkey" target="_blank">Here</a></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference 4. <a href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Trachypithecus_obscurus/" target="_blank">Here</a></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Graeme is a retired Professor of Biochemistry with a passion for wildlife photography. He has written over 100 scientific papers.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Website<a href="https://grguy.zenfolio.com/" target="_blank"> here</a></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p></div></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-18696721800637205762020-11-25T05:26:00.040-08:002020-11-25T22:42:32.337-08:00Greater Racket-tailed Drongos associating with Dusky Langurs<p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b> The apparently odd relationship</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gZZYsHT2Eyk/X722bqgstGI/AAAAAAAAgTQ/xlwrWgHtQkopwvjEk_6q7FVhOKM3QgdowCLcBGAsYHQ/s820/Screenshot%2B2020-11-25%2Bat%2B9.30.14%2BAM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="820" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gZZYsHT2Eyk/X722bqgstGI/AAAAAAAAgTQ/xlwrWgHtQkopwvjEk_6q7FVhOKM3QgdowCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-25%2Bat%2B9.30.14%2BAM.jpg" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Drongos</span></b></span></p> Drongos and especially Racket-tailed Drongos have been called, thugs, thieves and tricksters or are they just vocally gifted and very intelligent.</span><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OXRe4f0dMhE/X73CaSPQMYI/AAAAAAAAgTk/1Pek0H82wYgEg8bG-QKVFBE3bm3oYumBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s809/142658971.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OXRe4f0dMhE/X73CaSPQMYI/AAAAAAAAgTk/1Pek0H82wYgEg8bG-QKVFBE3bm3oYumBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/142658971.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fork-tailed Drongo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LW7u5QE6Wao/X7pDVgXW_DI/AAAAAAAAgM4/HJGbfOeirrUWVlHSL6RR1E9yHjmb0ykIACLcBGAsYHQ/s1400/Greater%2BRacquet-tailed%2BDrongo%2B17-05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1000" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LW7u5QE6Wao/X7pDVgXW_DI/AAAAAAAAgM4/HJGbfOeirrUWVlHSL6RR1E9yHjmb0ykIACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Greater%2BRacquet-tailed%2BDrongo%2B17-05.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Greater Racket-tailed Drongo</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The <b>drongos</b> are a family, <b>Dicruridae</b>, of birds of the Old World tropics. The 29 species in the family are placed in a single genus <i>Dicrurus</i>. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Drongos are mostly black or dark grey, short-legged birds, with an upright stance when perched. They have forked tails and some have elaborate tail decorations. They feed on insects which they catch in flight or on the ground. Some species are accomplished mimics and have a variety of alarm calls, to which other birds and animals often respond. There is evidence that they utter hoax alarm calls that typically scare other animals off food, which the drongo then eats. This phenomena is a matter of interest to researchers.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">When breeding two to four eggs are laid in a nest high in a tree. Despite their small size, drongos are aggressive and fearless, and will attack much larger species if their nest or young are threatened.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #202122;">Several species of animals and birds respond to drongos' alarm calls, which often warn of the presence of a predator. Fork-tailed or common drongos in the Kalahari desert are known to use alarm calls in the absence of a predator to cause animals to flee and abandon food, which they eat, getting up to 23% of their food this way. A video of this trickery can be seen<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_w_3AbkuV0&ab_channel=JohnDownerProductions" target="_blank"> here</a>. They not only use their own alarm calls, but imitate those of many species, either their victim's or that of another species that the victim responds to. If the call of one species is not effective, perhaps because of habituation, the drongo will try another; 51 different calls are known to be imitated. </span></span></p><b style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>GREATER RACKET-TAILED DRONGOS</b></div></b><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5bDce_O75C0/X7obW1aEQxI/AAAAAAAAgMs/HQBTDyMHPGELMl-tNAo0idDMYiysRdB_QCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/greater_racket-tailed_drongo_%2528Dicrurus_paradiseus%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5bDce_O75C0/X7obW1aEQxI/AAAAAAAAgMs/HQBTDyMHPGELMl-tNAo0idDMYiysRdB_QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/greater_racket-tailed_drongo_%2528Dicrurus_paradiseus%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Greater racket-tailed Drongo in flight</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">The greater Racket-tailed Drongo </span><i style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Dicurus paradiseus</i><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"> is a medium-sized Asian bird which is distinctive in having elongated outer tail feathers with webbing restricted to the tips. They are conspicuous in the forest habitats, often perching in the open and by attracting attention with a wide range of loud calls that include perfect imitations of other birds. It has been suggested that these imitations may help in the formation o<u>f mixed-species foraging flocks</u>, also known as <u>bird waves</u> by birders and bird photographers. Specifically this is when a consortium of different insect feeding birds move through the forest, foraging together.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rTqcS3Tzgrk/X7nVUlmWTLI/AAAAAAAAgLo/ohg_c32dEdYW5DneWB2MSQpyjJnKzCN5QCLcBGAsYHQ/s893/AD6I3004.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="893" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rTqcS3Tzgrk/X7nVUlmWTLI/AAAAAAAAgLo/ohg_c32dEdYW5DneWB2MSQpyjJnKzCN5QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I3004.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Distribution</b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">The Greater Racket-tailed Drongo is a resident breeder in tropical southern Asia, from Kashmir, India and Sri Lanka, East to Indonesia. The species is </span><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">usually found in broadleaved forests and is rated of 'least concern' in the IUCN rating system.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lttKI5nEQBQ/X7nWEP3UBqI/AAAAAAAAgLw/ZJJU7GXbQMgju0gsAhu8C0Pptav9WTswgCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Screenshot%2B2020-11-22%2Bat%2B10.52.25%2BAM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lttKI5nEQBQ/X7nWEP3UBqI/AAAAAAAAgLw/ZJJU7GXbQMgju0gsAhu8C0Pptav9WTswgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-22%2Bat%2B10.52.25%2BAM.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Description</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div></span><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">I</span><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">n most of its range in Asia, this is the largest of the drongo species and is readily identified by the distinctive tail rackets and the crest of curled feathers that begin in front of the face above the beak and along the crown to varying extents, according to the subspecies.The tail with twirled rackets is distinctive and in flight can appear as if two large bees were chasing a black bird. The species can be confused with the Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo, however the latter has flat rackets and the crest is nearly absent</span><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">.</span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nX-IbJMDTE8/X7nZUTf5PvI/AAAAAAAAgME/F1j1pk8Hq4gxOMGJqqof7KvKmHmOqIh1wCLcBGAsYHQ/s599/DicrurusParadiseusHead.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="599" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nX-IbJMDTE8/X7nZUTf5PvI/AAAAAAAAgME/F1j1pk8Hq4gxOMGJqqof7KvKmHmOqIh1wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/DicrurusParadiseusHead.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Head feathers of <i>Drongo paradiseus</i>. There are regional variations</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PGu-EhlkI6k/X7nao5fkLGI/AAAAAAAAgMQ/ujQlSPrwHiczZaSIOhhjGwekad_OJs-qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/126547971.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PGu-EhlkI6k/X7nao5fkLGI/AAAAAAAAgMQ/ujQlSPrwHiczZaSIOhhjGwekad_OJs-qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/126547971.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Greater Racket-tailed Drongo in flight</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_ISKJxXHFHA/X7nbkGCDPFI/AAAAAAAAgMY/R0IuE61TieoaACKrYSpGVWtxRXmrwx59ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1007/1200px-Lesser_racket-tailed_drongo_%2528Dicrurus_remifer_tectirostris%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1007" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_ISKJxXHFHA/X7nbkGCDPFI/AAAAAAAAgMY/R0IuE61TieoaACKrYSpGVWtxRXmrwx59ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/1200px-Lesser_racket-tailed_drongo_%2528Dicrurus_remifer_tectirostris%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo (<i>Dicrurus remifer</i>)</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Greater racket-tailed drongos weigh from 70-125 grams and are 31-36 centimetres in body length, not including the elongated tail feathers. Males and females are similar in appearance. The body is glossy black with shades of blue and green. The blue extends from behind their reddish-brown eyes to halfway down the back.The wings and tuft on the top of the head are green with a hint of pale yellow on the very tips of the wings.</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Young birds are duller and can lack a crest while moulting birds can lack the elongate tail streamers.</span></div><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: transparent; color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"> Reproduction</b></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Greater Racket-tailed Drongos nest from March to June depending on their location. The nests are saucer-like in shape. They are made of intricately intertwined roots and leaves with fine materials lining the inside. The nests are held together by cobwebs and camouflaged with lichens and often found in the horizontal fork of two branches. The species lays 3-4 eggs, there is 15-17 days until hatching, the average fledging time is 19 days and the time to independence is 4 to 6 weeks.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hzA8vqBnYa4/X7pTBgnhNtI/AAAAAAAAgPA/5_eXoR5xslYSRVB9k2Owu3KT2MAXQTEAwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/merge.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hzA8vqBnYa4/X7pTBgnhNtI/AAAAAAAAgPA/5_eXoR5xslYSRVB9k2Owu3KT2MAXQTEAwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/merge.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comparing nests; Greater on the left Lesser on the right</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Nesting duties, constructing the nest, incubation and rearing young are shared between males and females. Both adults will also watch over the offspring when they have left the nest.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Calls/Mimicry</b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6o13MapHMgI/X7tNnnMJIxI/AAAAAAAAgRY/7hv1Z-7RVf4gaHMUvTz2jv3zPiS2M5oBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1087/greater-racket-tailed-drongo-130328-106eos1d-fy1x0385.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1087" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6o13MapHMgI/X7tNnnMJIxI/AAAAAAAAgRY/7hv1Z-7RVf4gaHMUvTz2jv3zPiS2M5oBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/greater-racket-tailed-drongo-130328-106eos1d-fy1x0385.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Greater Racket-tailed Drongo singing. Note the yellow wing tip.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">The calls of the Greater Racket-tailed drongos are extremely varied and include monotonously repeated nasal sounds as well as more complex notes and imitations of other birds. They can begin calling around 4 am in moonlight often with a metallic <i>tunk-tunk-tunk</i> series. They have the ability to accurately mimic alarm calls of other birds that are learnt through interactions of mixed-species flocks. This is quite unusual as avian mimicry has hitherto been believed to be ignorant of the context of the imitated vocalisation. It is analogous to a human learning useful short phrases and exclamations in a number of foreign languages and using them in the correct context.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">A range of the Racket-tailed Drongos calls can be seen in the video shown <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sx2fQ3TVhkw&ab_channel=intothenaturewithcatherine" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Feeding</b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Greater racket-tailed drongos feed on the nectar of plants but also eat insects including ants, bees, beetles, dragonflies, locusts, mantids, moths and termites. Like other drongos they catch their prey in mid-air or pick them off surfaces and then carry them back to the nest in their claws. In some places they have been found to be kleptoparasitic (taking food from another bird) on others in a mixed-species flock, particularly Laughingthrushes but they are most often involved in mutualistic and commensal relationships. Several observers have found this species associating with foraging woodpeckers and there is a report of one following a troop of macaques.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kV-y_ZJEc4s/X7pQ_DHIweI/AAAAAAAAgOs/7cYIMVty9RUTVXNJKNV0NjqwCT1GB3PngCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/6214_20180309_2_1000.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kV-y_ZJEc4s/X7pQ_DHIweI/AAAAAAAAgOs/7cYIMVty9RUTVXNJKNV0NjqwCT1GB3PngCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/6214_20180309_2_1000.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Eating a captured (or stolen) insect</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZJg7I23Nqu8/X7rkaU0dWYI/AAAAAAAAgP4/hTmQalqZ5qkTt0TNx1KOcNDSTI1wWtyaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Screenshot%2B2020-11-21%2Bat%2B2.01.43%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZJg7I23Nqu8/X7rkaU0dWYI/AAAAAAAAgP4/hTmQalqZ5qkTt0TNx1KOcNDSTI1wWtyaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-21%2Bat%2B2.01.43%2BPM.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Drinking nectar</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Both the Chestnut-crowned and Chestnut-capped Laughingthrushes are often in bird waves and have been observed to be victims of Drongo thievery.</span><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZB9HbASJwYw/X7snKSpRdKI/AAAAAAAAgRE/Kz-MEAc3sQQpj8eQmMHevnyX7XJW-02YwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Malaysia_Chestnut_capped_laughingthrush_adult_2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZB9HbASJwYw/X7snKSpRdKI/AAAAAAAAgRE/Kz-MEAc3sQQpj8eQmMHevnyX7XJW-02YwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Malaysia_Chestnut_capped_laughingthrush_adult_2.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_LLNmpWU7GI/X7rlayMnzzI/AAAAAAAAgQY/TZKNCL8WZqwuzz0SzkHEBlWjAlIm5sAPwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Malaysia_Chestnut_crowned_laughingthrush_adult.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_LLNmpWU7GI/X7rlayMnzzI/AAAAAAAAgQY/TZKNCL8WZqwuzz0SzkHEBlWjAlIm5sAPwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Malaysia_Chestnut_crowned_laughingthrush_adult.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-baRRr9FkpTI/X7rluS7wA_I/AAAAAAAAgQk/d5v6yizjyWYaqwV2d9pyEeiFpOXqetM-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Screenshot%2B2020-11-21%2Bat%2B1.59.39%2BPM.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-baRRr9FkpTI/X7rluS7wA_I/AAAAAAAAgQk/d5v6yizjyWYaqwV2d9pyEeiFpOXqetM-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-21%2Bat%2B1.59.39%2BPM.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Shadowing a Lesser Flameback Woodpecker who is hunting for grubs</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Aggression</b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">There are many accounts detailing the aggression of Racket-tailed Drongos. They don't seem to worry about size difference when attacking another species. I have seen them knock a Dollarbird of its hawking perch and there have been descriptions of them attacking raptors. One account has a single Drongo attacking two Great Hornbills in flight and actually riding on the back on one for several seconds.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PLH_el1gvd4/X7uVD4AF6hI/AAAAAAAAgRk/G_kwRQ_bklEQAqs8nfaSRszv1JTAWjtUwCLcBGAsYHQ/s873/Dollar%2BBird%2Bwith%2Bbug.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="873" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PLH_el1gvd4/X7uVD4AF6hI/AAAAAAAAgRk/G_kwRQ_bklEQAqs8nfaSRszv1JTAWjtUwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Dollar%2BBird%2Bwith%2Bbug.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dollarbird</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-utkOy-HzFS0/X7uV4VN9weI/AAAAAAAAgR0/sTKHWevrcaYfYePE7ZKs8fvxMay7ili3QCLcBGAsYHQ/s884/Great_Hornbill_female.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="884" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-utkOy-HzFS0/X7uV4VN9weI/AAAAAAAAgR0/sTKHWevrcaYfYePE7ZKs8fvxMay7ili3QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Great_Hornbill_female.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Great Hornbill (female)</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>THE NOVEL INTERACTION BETWEEN GREAT RACKET-TAILED DRONGOS AND DUSKY LANGURS</b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">The biology and habits of a local troop of dusky Langurs has been covered in a previous two-part blog. This interaction could only occur in the range of the Dusky Langur, which is much more restricted than the Drongo. This primate is confined to Peninsular Malaysia with a slight spillover into Thailand and Myanmar.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jwQiwvrW5dU/X7pD_gYe7gI/AAAAAAAAgNA/B2YnMIo4Hy0mzI4xbnUzoF7kxV72rN9uACLcBGAsYHQ/s888/AD6I4524.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="888" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jwQiwvrW5dU/X7pD_gYe7gI/AAAAAAAAgNA/B2YnMIo4Hy0mzI4xbnUzoF7kxV72rN9uACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I4524.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langur portrait</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Observations</b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">I and others photographing or observing Dusky Langurs have noticed the often close association with Greater Racket-tailed drongos. The drongos get very close to the feeding langurs and get very excited in their presence. I have seen drongos apparently shaking with excitement in the presence of Dusky langurs. At times they appear to be conducting operations as the Langurs make their way through the forest.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jWTRT7KQQG4/X7pIIBqgQcI/AAAAAAAAgOY/SE4hFJ90GxQsgclpz6b4f1Q88l496ZTtACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I6341.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jWTRT7KQQG4/X7pIIBqgQcI/AAAAAAAAgOY/SE4hFJ90GxQsgclpz6b4f1Q88l496ZTtACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6341.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Eight Dusky Langurs feeding in an Acacia tree</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aSTdDSnlDZo/X7pETgQ8SzI/AAAAAAAAgNI/_Gz8RjbLLToVsTg02X8CMBy4ifnl4OJmwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I0063.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aSTdDSnlDZo/X7pETgQ8SzI/AAAAAAAAgNI/_Gz8RjbLLToVsTg02X8CMBy4ifnl4OJmwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I0063.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A Greater Racket-tailed drongo directing operations in the same tree</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nqIbCOZrQhQ/X7uZdYMwr-I/AAAAAAAAgSI/LrlIUZWyycgJBiHrugG0UFnQFVIXxBWwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I0225.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nqIbCOZrQhQ/X7uZdYMwr-I/AAAAAAAAgSI/LrlIUZWyycgJBiHrugG0UFnQFVIXxBWwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I0225.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another drongo on the same tree</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9EW1vhcAf34/X7pEaQXLW-I/AAAAAAAAgNU/uWtnhfcPTY82PmRyqjDQze7RA7dGyOj5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I7492.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9EW1vhcAf34/X7pEaQXLW-I/AAAAAAAAgNU/uWtnhfcPTY82PmRyqjDQze7RA7dGyOj5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7492.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Almost always present when Langurs are feeding</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7xbIaDZv9_U/X7pEaevpTkI/AAAAAAAAgNQ/MSsD9iMZbRQHfKByclO3xnrPxyvZCwBPACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I8041.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7xbIaDZv9_U/X7pEaevpTkI/AAAAAAAAgNQ/MSsD9iMZbRQHfKByclO3xnrPxyvZCwBPACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8041.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sometimes there are 2-5 drongos present.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xCzUEkXsL4w/X78tmCV7lOI/AAAAAAAAgUQ/A6aQtxwHT-oNSc1kr8q-ENjDakJoefx4ACLcBGAsYHQ/s836/AD6I6852-800.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="836" data-original-width="810" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xCzUEkXsL4w/X78tmCV7lOI/AAAAAAAAgUQ/A6aQtxwHT-oNSc1kr8q-ENjDakJoefx4ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6852-800.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">On another occasion a Drongo sits patiently (top left) while two langurs take a break from foraging</span>.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #202122;">Before analysing this phenomena we need to discuss </span><u><span style="color: red;">mixed-species</span><span style="color: #202122;"> </span><span style="color: red;">flocks</span><span style="color: #202122;"> or </span><span style="color: red;">bird-waves</span></u></b></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It is not uncommon to find birds of several species flocking together. One reason may be that such flocking increases the number of eyes and ears available to detect predators and may confuse them as many individuals flee at once. Also a mixture of species can take advantage of different abilities. Just as nearsighted zebras with keen hearing associate on African plains with species such as wildebeest and giraffes with keen eyesight.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Next to predator defence, however, the most popular hypothesis to explain the formation of mixed-species flocks is an increase in feeding efficiency. Flocks may function to overwhelm territorial defences, because moving groups are able to feed in areas from which single individuals would be ejected by the "owner" of the territory. Having more individuals searching for food also increases the likelihood that a rich feeding patch will be located. By moving together in a mixed-species flock, birds with the same sorts of diets can avoid areas that have already been searched for food. Individuals in mixed flocks can also learn about new food sources from other species; Finally, by associating with birds of different species that have somewhat different food preferences and foraging techniques, each individual faces less competition than it would in a similar flock of conspecifics.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Flocks may occur because one species, in the course of its feeding, flushes prey that can be caught by the others. Such foraging associations are called commensal feeding. In Australian rain forests, Yellow Robins follow Brush Turkeys, pouncing on insects the turkeys stir up as they scratch through the dead leaves of the forest floor. Cattle Egrets "flock" with cattle and tractors for similar reasons.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7k-bbaFF3ZQ/X7xtZrrJ9CI/AAAAAAAAgSg/MnTSZr3jGEkmasKhuQgvpbnhfTp53KREwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Screenshot%2B2020-11-24%2Bat%2B10.14.34%2BAM%2Bcopy.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="513" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7k-bbaFF3ZQ/X7xtZrrJ9CI/AAAAAAAAgSg/MnTSZr3jGEkmasKhuQgvpbnhfTp53KREwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-24%2Bat%2B10.14.34%2BAM%2Bcopy.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cattle Egrets following a tractor</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PaYLxAam9vA/X7x1HVjendI/AAAAAAAAgSs/5wGkF-cT0bUzIy5jmLA2Mz_UO6o_lxayACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/Screenshot%2B2020-11-24%2Bat%2B10.47.23%2BAM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PaYLxAam9vA/X7x1HVjendI/AAAAAAAAgSs/5wGkF-cT0bUzIy5jmLA2Mz_UO6o_lxayACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-24%2Bat%2B10.47.23%2BAM.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cattle Egrets following an elephant</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P5yLc4WYEn4/X7x1OP3E5dI/AAAAAAAAgSw/o1yFYiQhCzQIlv2Kqf1N5i1YA0dK4_RJACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/UNI6MHAOIVAFFL4VUMNZ67HCXY.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P5yLc4WYEn4/X7x1OP3E5dI/AAAAAAAAgSw/o1yFYiQhCzQIlv2Kqf1N5i1YA0dK4_RJACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/UNI6MHAOIVAFFL4VUMNZ67HCXY.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cattle Egrets around.....cattle</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">There are other interesting aspects of mixed-species flocks. For instance some species appear to take the lead in forming the flock -- to serve as "nuclear" or "core" species. Such species often have conspicuous plumage or behaviour. The Drongos fit this category.</span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><b style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">What is going on with the Drongos and the Langurs?</b></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">The drongos are using the movement of the langurs through the forest as a greatly scaled up bird-wave. The Langurs do not move through the forest on tip toes or with any </span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">delicacy. They somewhat rampage through the forest as they jump from tree to tree.....and this disturbs a lot of insects. In other terms the Langurs are the tractors, elephants or cattle for the drongo (Cattle egrets) unearthing insects that the drongos alone cannot access.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IJOAqmEoZfk/X7pIsQWlbzI/AAAAAAAAgOg/hqXBVLVCRW8xlNsgf64BHLQXQ_-NSt9ngCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I1774.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IJOAqmEoZfk/X7pIsQWlbzI/AAAAAAAAgOg/hqXBVLVCRW8xlNsgf64BHLQXQ_-NSt9ngCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1774.jpg" /></a></div><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GeFsmlv_mEA/X7pE93bK73I/AAAAAAAAgNk/F896-1l9ztEanJvkDQ2q02mfDd4OCHXkQCLcBGAsYHQ/s836/AD6I1639.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="836" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GeFsmlv_mEA/X7pE93bK73I/AAAAAAAAgNk/F896-1l9ztEanJvkDQ2q02mfDd4OCHXkQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1639.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5cgDRlSQGHg/X7pE_oMRmtI/AAAAAAAAgNo/5Y5Fafw3geQvHZSb6latEqjGb-HgxXV8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I3301h.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="584" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5cgDRlSQGHg/X7pE_oMRmtI/AAAAAAAAgNo/5Y5Fafw3geQvHZSb6latEqjGb-HgxXV8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I3301h.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YM-CqZ6Xqdk/X7pFBfqidAI/AAAAAAAAgNs/-dBake7iRrsZQ96jxm-JCDPKK--4d27nQCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I7258.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="541" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YM-CqZ6Xqdk/X7pFBfqidAI/AAAAAAAAgNs/-dBake7iRrsZQ96jxm-JCDPKK--4d27nQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7258.jpg" /></a></div><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Images with langurs and drongos are hard to obtain.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ev3zLM8Z6kc/X7pGlMmORsI/AAAAAAAAgOA/zfp-PX-RCiEhQdPHxMV8PmBPBDHFReT4wCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I7115.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ev3zLM8Z6kc/X7pGlMmORsI/AAAAAAAAgOA/zfp-PX-RCiEhQdPHxMV8PmBPBDHFReT4wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7115.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iveBoF1BKWk/X7pGmjNwJ_I/AAAAAAAAgOE/o79U5Csl9ncD2ztYr0n_Mr5CExptA62HACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/AD6I7436.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iveBoF1BKWk/X7pGmjNwJ_I/AAAAAAAAgOE/o79U5Csl9ncD2ztYr0n_Mr5CExptA62HACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7436.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The langur is clearly aware of the drongos presence</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-McWJHcKpaTA/X7si2Aqpw1I/AAAAAAAAgQw/uXJwKdL-vHoF2BMLwGN5DXfSC4gtN3TPACLcBGAsYHQ/s800/DMnzBN7VoAAvhf9.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="503" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-McWJHcKpaTA/X7si2Aqpw1I/AAAAAAAAgQw/uXJwKdL-vHoF2BMLwGN5DXfSC4gtN3TPACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/DMnzBN7VoAAvhf9.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Greater racket-tailed drongo catching flying insects above the feeding langurs</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eKsTOFV6wHw/X78velFaL3I/AAAAAAAAgUo/hK26y3n6OesY212is6LrGD4F9Jso_G9MACLcBGAsYHQ/s810/AD6I7063-800.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="810" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eKsTOFV6wHw/X78velFaL3I/AAAAAAAAgUo/hK26y3n6OesY212is6LrGD4F9Jso_G9MACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7063-800.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Overflying more foraging langurs</td></tr></tbody></table><b><br />What do the Langurs derive from the association?</b></span></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">Is the relationship <b><u>commensal </u></b>(c<span style="color: #4d5156;">ommensalism is a long-term biological interaction in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed) </span>or <b><u>mutualistic</u></b> (<span style="color: #282828;">Mutualism describes a type of mutually beneficial relationship between organisms of different species)?</span></span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">The Langurs use vocalisations to communicate with each other and they have an alarm call when various predators are sighted. The Drongo knows this too and acts like an aerial recognisance system for the troop. I have seen 5-6 drongos sometimes associated with a troop. It is like having 5-6 surveillance drones without the worry of them crashing.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">I have also seen drongos leading langurs to fruit or flowers (they eat both) and I wonder if there is some scouting done by the drongos or they figure flowering trees have lots of associated insects..</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;">At other times when I try to locate where the langurs are I listen for the calls of the drongos. If they don't know the langur location they will post members at various points as a detection system. The relationship, while symbiotic, is a <b><u>good example of mutualism</u></b> where both organisms obtain benefit from the association.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AYXyOQerMSE/X7rfW1Q0iBI/AAAAAAAAgPM/DMgTnI6xKCUVQqrPS8fsTHgaGf6E51pOQCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/DSC05704.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AYXyOQerMSE/X7rfW1Q0iBI/AAAAAAAAgPM/DMgTnI6xKCUVQqrPS8fsTHgaGf6E51pOQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/DSC05704.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Part of the rainforest where the interactions were observed and recorded.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qida0V8HmnM/X7pHyDkOhPI/AAAAAAAAgOQ/YCEFZSD_wA8D8YpVCEFX3tplo9hCdkj-QCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qida0V8HmnM/X7pHyDkOhPI/AAAAAAAAgOQ/YCEFZSD_wA8D8YpVCEFX3tplo9hCdkj-QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/6.jpg" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #202122; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Drongo notes;</b></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The common whistle note that is made by by the Racket-tailed Drongo leads to a local name in many parts of India of<i> kothwal</i> which means 'policeman' or 'guard', who both use a whistle that has a similar note.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In Australia the term 'drongo' is applied to a loser or a fool. This term comes from a racehorse in Victoria in the 1920s who raced 37 times for no wins (5 seconds and 7 thirds). The horse was named 'Drongo' after the Australian bird species the Spangled Drongo and word spread around regarding its inability to win. It seems a little unfair as the races the horse ran in were all top class events. In fact a 'drongo' should be a term for a smart and fearless person.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-73741528378070190982020-11-20T13:21:00.001-08:002020-11-20T20:33:10.100-08:00Black Giant Squirrels<p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tt7iqu_9NZE/X7ZQsFfN-MI/AAAAAAAAgKI/gVANqB9Pu0E5c3QKQ4mEy7BJOL4ez1VPQCLcBGAsYHQ/s720/94.-black-giant-squirrel-5.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tt7iqu_9NZE/X7ZQsFfN-MI/AAAAAAAAgKI/gVANqB9Pu0E5c3QKQ4mEy7BJOL4ez1VPQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/94.-black-giant-squirrel-5.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black Giant Squirrel (<i>Ratufa bicolor</i>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><br />A Google search will show the Black Giant Squirrel is the biggest squirrel species on our planet. It may not be the prettiest as it has to contend with the Indian Giant Squirrel (or Malabar Giant Squirrel)..</span><i style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Ratufa Indica</i><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">...that comes in multi-colours.</span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d74Chdp0tNc/X7ZPI22daSI/AAAAAAAAgJ8/BX22Thnrn7UZsIl426rTgclBlynqTLowQCLcBGAsYHQ/s720/Screenshot%2B2020-11-19%2Bat%2B5.41.10%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d74Chdp0tNc/X7ZPI22daSI/AAAAAAAAgJ8/BX22Thnrn7UZsIl426rTgclBlynqTLowQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-19%2Bat%2B5.41.10%2BPM.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Indian Giant Squirrel (</span><i style="font-family: arial;">Ratufa indica</i><span style="font-family: arial;">)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <b> <span style="font-size: large;">DISTRIBUTION</span></b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Black Giant squirrel or Malayan Giant squirrel (<i>Ratufa bicolor</i>) is a large tree squirrel in the genus <i>Ratufa </i>native to the Indomalayan zootope. It is found in forests from Northern Bangladesh. northeast India, Thailand, Malaysia, eastern Nepal, Bhutan, southern China, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and western Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Bali and nearby small islands.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W8pzo3-6j3k/X7TylnzLNKI/AAAAAAAAgEE/plh76vrDyfwJlJFc1Rwen6qMqN70TGmBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/0.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W8pzo3-6j3k/X7TylnzLNKI/AAAAAAAAgEE/plh76vrDyfwJlJFc1Rwen6qMqN70TGmBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/0.png" /></a></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">DESCRIPTION</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Black Giant squirrel is one of the largest species of squirrel in the world. On average, an adult Black Giant squirrel weighs round 1-05-1-25 kg (2.3-2.8 lb), has a head plus body length of 34-37cm (13-15in) and the tail is 41-42 cm (16-17in) long.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The species is typically distinctly bicoloured with dark upper-parts and pale under-parts. The back, top of the head, ears, and bushy tail are deep brown to black and the underparts are light-buff-coloured. On the small islands of Myanmar and in the Strait of Malacca the Black Giant Squirrel has reddish yellow underparts. As is the case with most tree squirrels they are not sexually dimorphic. Unlike many squirrels, Black Giant squirrels do not have a tail that curls over the back. Instead, their tails lay limp behind them somewhat like the Dusky Langurs. Both species use their tail for balance while leaping or climbing.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">All the observations and photographs in this article are from this species in a forest on the north side pf Penang Hill (near Pearl Hill).</span></div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TD63C4_2pNA/X7TypdI4ZiI/AAAAAAAAgEI/UxjflMrihH0E9aM_x5vcK0-_kdWwzPpPwCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TD63C4_2pNA/X7TypdI4ZiI/AAAAAAAAgEI/UxjflMrihH0E9aM_x5vcK0-_kdWwzPpPwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/1.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is no size comparison but this is a juvenile, about half the size of an adult</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J6Y-iVIu4Q4/X7TypvNzxJI/AAAAAAAAgEM/mdgc8qOBLz0VI_8h1KwXP2ZuqAzda8J6ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1000/2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="667" height="1045" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J6Y-iVIu4Q4/X7TypvNzxJI/AAAAAAAAgEM/mdgc8qOBLz0VI_8h1KwXP2ZuqAzda8J6ACLcBGAsYHQ/w697-h1045/2.jpg" width="697" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wJLSHnlK2oY/X7TyuuydHFI/AAAAAAAAgEQ/__blqZnOnDculc1XaSdiWhN9YFvgmxv3gCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/2a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wJLSHnlK2oY/X7TyuuydHFI/AAAAAAAAgEQ/__blqZnOnDculc1XaSdiWhN9YFvgmxv3gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/2a.jpg" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O4VOHablMUc/X7iYZ-655BI/AAAAAAAAgLI/feRXk5MEwYUa8fBzJuB40i5dlPxjZCNwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s804/DPP07E00C080E2707.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="804" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O4VOHablMUc/X7iYZ-655BI/AAAAAAAAgLI/feRXk5MEwYUa8fBzJuB40i5dlPxjZCNwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/DPP07E00C080E2707.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>HABITAT</b></div></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Ratufa bicolor's </i>range includes a variety of bioregions that share the commonality of being forested. It ranges in elevation from sea level up to at least 1400 metres (4,600ft). in some of the most rugged land in the world. However, in recent decades, <i>R. bicolor's</i> habitat has been steadily encroached upon by human settlement, timber harvesting, and agriculture, which along with overhunting by human predation in parts of its range, has resulted in a total loss of 30% of the population in the last 10 years. In the tropical rainforest of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia, <i>R. bicolor</i> is not as abundant as elsewhere in its range, which is probably due to competition from other arboreal species (especially primates) for food in the upper forest canopy. This is certainly the case in the study area as they compete directly with Dusky Langurs. These squirrels are rated as 'Near threatened'.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ElKQ1pGWyRg/X7Yx_l61thI/AAAAAAAAgI8/vYg_nyzte4EjfCEYgN6VGqIiWSINnldgACLcBGAsYHQ/s720/DSC05704.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ElKQ1pGWyRg/X7Yx_l61thI/AAAAAAAAgI8/vYg_nyzte4EjfCEYgN6VGqIiWSINnldgACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/DSC05704.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Part of the study area, adjacent to Diamond Villa </span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>BEHAVIOUR & DIET</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>R. Bicolor</i> is diurnal and arboreal, but sometimes climbs down from the forest canopy to feed on the ground. The species is rather reclusive and rarely enters plantations or settlements</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Its diet consists of seeds, fruit and leaves. It is primarily solitary.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the adjacent forest the Black Giant squirrels can be seen readily while they are nest building or feeding on their favourite foods. There are a 4 acacia trees and when they are producing the seeds the squirrels are frequent visitors, as seen in the images below.. They have competition from Dusky Langurs and Plantain Squirrels for this favourite food.</span></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kPiZfvg3Mzo/X7TyuyIRS5I/AAAAAAAAgEY/uMgw49dnHMIAVQEfCh5juBc1jL76btOAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s822/3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="667" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kPiZfvg3Mzo/X7TyuyIRS5I/AAAAAAAAgEY/uMgw49dnHMIAVQEfCh5juBc1jL76btOAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/3.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W2SdBg-G4S4/X7Tyuonj27I/AAAAAAAAgEU/ArO1ukdoFM8DLYZm72lRSatptgXjMfAHACLcBGAsYHQ/s808/3a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W2SdBg-G4S4/X7Tyuonj27I/AAAAAAAAgEU/ArO1ukdoFM8DLYZm72lRSatptgXjMfAHACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/3a.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cevYxjMo1Mg/X7TyvnGOZ9I/AAAAAAAAgEc/8jB7WX7y7B0BKsBrX7G3k_1rsomVMHA5wCLcBGAsYHQ/s917/3b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cevYxjMo1Mg/X7TyvnGOZ9I/AAAAAAAAgEc/8jB7WX7y7B0BKsBrX7G3k_1rsomVMHA5wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/3b.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yvzZdmz4vf0/X7Ty5FxFsrI/AAAAAAAAgEw/uS_P7cSs4NsnlafErv25_9lmUJJqEqpKgCLcBGAsYHQ/s798/3c.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="798" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yvzZdmz4vf0/X7Ty5FxFsrI/AAAAAAAAgEw/uS_P7cSs4NsnlafErv25_9lmUJJqEqpKgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/3c.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SWDgJ7uFFmA/X7Ty5Lhx2cI/AAAAAAAAgEo/GcTn7cP-zi49zuYw1fsRaL7xk3BV2rQFwCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/3d.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SWDgJ7uFFmA/X7Ty5Lhx2cI/AAAAAAAAgEo/GcTn7cP-zi49zuYw1fsRaL7xk3BV2rQFwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/3d.jpg" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The Acacia tree seeds are also very popular with the Dusky Langurs (with 10 of them in the picture below)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-a3FcUJwj6Sw/X7ZRnttKOfI/AAAAAAAAgKQ/2nv4NkrmTLoIS_YZ-HcxtnXVDW8G7kRAwCLcBGAsYHQ/s720/AD6I6341.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-a3FcUJwj6Sw/X7ZRnttKOfI/AAAAAAAAgKQ/2nv4NkrmTLoIS_YZ-HcxtnXVDW8G7kRAwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6341.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">NEST BUILDING</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">A squirrel pair will have multiple nests (dreys). The male appears to be the main constructor although he is assisted by the female at times. They bite off the end of branches and stack them firmly at the junction of several branches. They will add to the structure weeks later. The attached leaves die off but the structure appears wind resistant and is apparently waterproof. Conventional wisdom has it that one is the home while others are for sleepovers. Another theory is that some are dummy nests to fool predators. I have not seen any of the eight nests under observation, being slept in or lived in and most resident raptors would not be fooled by dummy nests. </div></span></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eK1JaSyNSno/X7Ty5Obmn5I/AAAAAAAAgEk/2Qa7JHjkBt4rRlnddLfWI0kBA_FNA6_FgCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eK1JaSyNSno/X7Ty5Obmn5I/AAAAAAAAgEk/2Qa7JHjkBt4rRlnddLfWI0kBA_FNA6_FgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/4.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qDZm218FHrA/X7Ty6hokR6I/AAAAAAAAgE0/Z8nZZbuw9vQuaHUL6hkW9n4Us24vwpyPgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1000/5.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="667" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qDZm218FHrA/X7Ty6hokR6I/AAAAAAAAgE0/Z8nZZbuw9vQuaHUL6hkW9n4Us24vwpyPgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/5.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zzxIIO6mbkw/X7Tzmx7kXGI/AAAAAAAAgFQ/7NW3UusiJBI-eYgFnxQZ0Or5toCR4oewQCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/5a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zzxIIO6mbkw/X7Tzmx7kXGI/AAAAAAAAgFQ/7NW3UusiJBI-eYgFnxQZ0Or5toCR4oewQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/5a.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--d6_h7YuBLA/X7Tzm9B-pmI/AAAAAAAAgFM/bm3ypbkt4Yoo2D-37_ixrhdxo2ktqAM0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s792/6.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="667" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--d6_h7YuBLA/X7Tzm9B-pmI/AAAAAAAAgFM/bm3ypbkt4Yoo2D-37_ixrhdxo2ktqAM0ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/6.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comparing the nest size with the size of a Dusky Langur</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>COMMUNICATION</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The associate Plantain Squirrels communicate vocally with each other regularly, especially when alarmed. The Black Giant squirrels make sounds infrequently. Other species communicate with chirps and barks and can communicate using ultrasonic sounds. Despite an intensive search I have not found recordings of Black Giant squirrels. There is an interesting recording of a related Malaysia species <a href="https://wildambience.com/location-trip-updates/malaysia/curious-giant-squirrels/" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>SHARING THE HABITAT</b></span></div><span> </span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>There appears to be defined routes through the forest and these are common to the squirrels and the langurs. The images below show Squirrels and Langurs both using a Fishtail fern bridge.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tSzvHB4K2Js/X7XczIgkldI/AAAAAAAAgIc/L0rcmagnlHo6cC5qVokAi0X1YA6Cya5xACLcBGAsYHQ/s700/14.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tSzvHB4K2Js/X7XczIgkldI/AAAAAAAAgIc/L0rcmagnlHo6cC5qVokAi0X1YA6Cya5xACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/14.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dmneRD98M3Q/X7Xc2sEZzbI/AAAAAAAAgIg/aeUeihd4JDMOOIJJPbjNUPvTrzNHf5SVgCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dmneRD98M3Q/X7Xc2sEZzbI/AAAAAAAAgIg/aeUeihd4JDMOOIJJPbjNUPvTrzNHf5SVgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/15.jpg" /></a></div><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A</span><span style="font-family: arial;">s mentioned, the local Black Giant Squirrels share their domain with Dusky Langurs. They compete for a variety of foods but otherwise have a peaceful existence. The squirrels are elusive and secretive and the Langurs are usually non-aggressive. Both love eating the seed pods from Acacia trees and several times I have seen them together on a tree. On one occasion the Langur seemed to tease the squirrel but deliberately cutting off its escape. The squirrel was gone in a flash and dived off the tree, much to the apparent mirth of a langur witness.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iGhGJZh8RC8/X7Tzmyuzw5I/AAAAAAAAgFU/fl63ygc9NpIL8aN4yRckLc-MsL4r3MGzgCLcBGAsYHQ/s717/7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="717" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iGhGJZh8RC8/X7Tzmyuzw5I/AAAAAAAAgFU/fl63ygc9NpIL8aN4yRckLc-MsL4r3MGzgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/7.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8FC5GgaxHTk/X7TznvtmCWI/AAAAAAAAgFY/wyr_-f_llAc4dHV5lDFjMGLSXA2rS1mMACLcBGAsYHQ/s730/8.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="730" data-original-width="667" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8FC5GgaxHTk/X7TznvtmCWI/AAAAAAAAgFY/wyr_-f_llAc4dHV5lDFjMGLSXA2rS1mMACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/8.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BFQ2Rn8Hx44/X7T0JmmhX7I/AAAAAAAAgGE/OSj9rbdXzgMNE8AKlGFQmCRML_-ONNCmQCLcBGAsYHQ/s795/9.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="795" data-original-width="667" height="832" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BFQ2Rn8Hx44/X7T0JmmhX7I/AAAAAAAAgGE/OSj9rbdXzgMNE8AKlGFQmCRML_-ONNCmQCLcBGAsYHQ/w698-h832/9.jpg" width="698" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">The domain is also shared with the much smaller Plantain Squirrel, Long-tailed Macaques, Clouded Monitor lizards and fruit-eating birds such as Pink-necked Green Pigeons that will compete for fruit.</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SRMo0J6QaVA/X7XWfgfwVII/AAAAAAAAgH8/q5bRJtjk8E8-i1cZdT0dNI5D-FSmH5FKwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1080/13a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SRMo0J6QaVA/X7XWfgfwVII/AAAAAAAAgH8/q5bRJtjk8E8-i1cZdT0dNI5D-FSmH5FKwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/13a.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langur and Black Giant Squirrel on the same tree</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d2rbOtFTJRQ/X7XWnb2mF-I/AAAAAAAAgIA/MSV65ik2_hwcWHTCc1Y_ALfKPc763EpswCLcBGAsYHQ/s757/13.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="663" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d2rbOtFTJRQ/X7XWnb2mF-I/AAAAAAAAgIA/MSV65ik2_hwcWHTCc1Y_ALfKPc763EpswCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/13.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black Giant Squirrel and Clouded Monitor Lizard on the same tree</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5kgsr-mFfA4/X7XYP8_4-sI/AAAAAAAAgIQ/tYhaocvkfv4RfzbdgtOjVOvNo1EpLaE8wCLcBGAsYHQ/s720/AD6I5838.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5kgsr-mFfA4/X7XYP8_4-sI/AAAAAAAAgIQ/tYhaocvkfv4RfzbdgtOjVOvNo1EpLaE8wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I5838.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Plantain Squirrel</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nrNoiaPgmc4/X7YzxtlIhtI/AAAAAAAAgJM/LSSmvp6Ok0YnHkMEJM0CB3ndvuXCQ8uaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s728/AD6I7741.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="728" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nrNoiaPgmc4/X7YzxtlIhtI/AAAAAAAAgJM/LSSmvp6Ok0YnHkMEJM0CB3ndvuXCQ8uaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7741.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clouded Monitor Lizard<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-59TUb4hEeIM/X7Y0SZNHYYI/AAAAAAAAgJo/s_np-Ds9GhMz-qvd45LEZroEtbTbujcoACLcBGAsYHQ/s720/AD6I8844.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-59TUb4hEeIM/X7Y0SZNHYYI/AAAAAAAAgJo/s_np-Ds9GhMz-qvd45LEZroEtbTbujcoACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8844.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Long-tailed Macaque<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lrKXRczDuxY/X7Y0e8LCuUI/AAAAAAAAgJs/iCGbbHUtr44fSNBABxLmpACFgRVqbcjMACLcBGAsYHQ/s720/AD6I8225.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lrKXRczDuxY/X7Y0e8LCuUI/AAAAAAAAgJs/iCGbbHUtr44fSNBABxLmpACFgRVqbcjMACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8225.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pink-necked Green Pigeon (male)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>REPRODUCTION</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Courtship behaviour includes scent marking, chasing, nest building and grooming. Scent marking involves both males and females pressing their anogenital region against an object or the ground and urinating while moving slowly forward.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black Giant squirrels exhibit very similar reproductive behaviour to most tree squirrel species. A female will give birth to one or two young twice yearly. They have a gestation period of 31.5 days. After which, they will nurse their young for approximately five weeks. Reproduction takes place in the canopy region and includes nesting and mating.The species give birth in two periods, from April to May and August to September. The young are weaned in 5 weeks and they are independent after this period. The male takes no part in the process after insemination. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The terminology for the adults are buck and doe and the young are kittens.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-68VsM846k0U/X7T0IsDh4PI/AAAAAAAAgF0/WLkOqTMqMaA7ySHVysdVU_kLG1Xags-vQCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-68VsM846k0U/X7T0IsDh4PI/AAAAAAAAgF0/WLkOqTMqMaA7ySHVysdVU_kLG1Xags-vQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/10.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E-TYSpmGME8/X7T0IzIDgSI/AAAAAAAAgF4/TgbmwIyRIf8L-5UI67dx6kJhKmuezqiTACLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/10a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="440" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E-TYSpmGME8/X7T0IzIDgSI/AAAAAAAAgF4/TgbmwIyRIf8L-5UI67dx6kJhKmuezqiTACLcBGAsYHQ/w660-h440/10a.jpg" width="660" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0EOOza4pouk/X7T0IjPdwjI/AAAAAAAAgFw/fIEwjgKJwFA6dLghx6vXkCnfPX7YBS49wCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0EOOza4pouk/X7T0IjPdwjI/AAAAAAAAgFw/fIEwjgKJwFA6dLghx6vXkCnfPX7YBS49wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/11.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xuna2rC4_FE/X7T0JeJYNPI/AAAAAAAAgF8/fVxTtF4vEl4CIdm3E5i2IUW7uTEX6eSMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s750/11a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xuna2rC4_FE/X7T0JeJYNPI/AAAAAAAAgF8/fVxTtF4vEl4CIdm3E5i2IUW7uTEX6eSMwCLcBGAsYHQ/w717-h478/11a.jpg" width="717" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">In the forest fragment under observation I have no idea where the active nest is and I have not seen small kittens...so they do a good job at remaining secretive and giving the young a good survival chance.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">New born squirrels are born blind and naked but with claws (ouch) and progress rapidly with their mothers milk.</span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D1o5yq1L2f8/X7b4OGtypSI/AAAAAAAAgKo/fVhOLBW4AkQXgTjR8V5dop3X2p0BiUsSQCLcBGAsYHQ/s693/Screenshot%2B2020-11-20%2Bat%2B6.52.30%2BAM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="693" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D1o5yq1L2f8/X7b4OGtypSI/AAAAAAAAgKo/fVhOLBW4AkQXgTjR8V5dop3X2p0BiUsSQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-11-20%2Bat%2B6.52.30%2BAM.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Newborn</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LRChca25EZU/X7b1UTnMQyI/AAAAAAAAgKc/viSU8wkfYiYx4uWVRCWYHNBzx1l--1IeACLcBGAsYHQ/s500/6afdefcac972d8191638fd14b8db66e1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-width="500" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LRChca25EZU/X7b1UTnMQyI/AAAAAAAAgKc/viSU8wkfYiYx4uWVRCWYHNBzx1l--1IeACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/6afdefcac972d8191638fd14b8db66e1.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Three months old</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PREDATION</b></div></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black Giant squirrels are preyed upon by several species, They live in the upper canopy, which allows them to avoid ground predators. However, this puts them at risk of predation from birds of prey such as Wallace's Hawk Eagle, which is known to prey on arboreal mammals in Southeast Asia. Black Giant squirrels are also at risk of predation from snakes, especially large snakes, such as pythons that can also be a problem for Dusky Langurs. In the rainforest under study a number of raptors have been identified: White-bellied Sea Eagles, Brahminy Kites, Crested Serpent Eagles and Changeable Hawk-eagles, both the light and dark morphs.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The adult Black Giant squirrels are unlikely victims of any of the raptors but the kittens would be vulnerable to attack, as are the smaller Plantain Squirrels</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Undoubtedly the worst predator is man. In Laos several decades ago the Black Giant squirrels were the most abundant food item from the forest in a number of markets. This has only declined as the numbers have declined.</span></div><div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bko31bxRdg4/X7T0Jijc3sI/AAAAAAAAgGA/m3kKO4MqFqoBNzyAHh5HRuGNPJfqWgkwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1300/12.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="866" data-original-width="1300" height="438" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bko31bxRdg4/X7T0Jijc3sI/AAAAAAAAgGA/m3kKO4MqFqoBNzyAHh5HRuGNPJfqWgkwwCLcBGAsYHQ/w659-h438/12.jpg" width="659" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Juvenile White-bellied Sea Eagle</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9HZEXKjxBdo/X7T1BYGuDVI/AAAAAAAAgGg/pOFbbDVgr38dOuC6_yV7P6bEb8htcf7xQCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/12a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9HZEXKjxBdo/X7T1BYGuDVI/AAAAAAAAgGg/pOFbbDVgr38dOuC6_yV7P6bEb8htcf7xQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/12a.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adult White-bellied Sea Eagle</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4PgdJ_LICGE/X7T1BNnOdgI/AAAAAAAAgGc/3szMZBXRuZkHjlyBxm1ahl4URdrmYAE4ACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/12b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" height="442" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4PgdJ_LICGE/X7T1BNnOdgI/AAAAAAAAgGc/3szMZBXRuZkHjlyBxm1ahl4URdrmYAE4ACLcBGAsYHQ/w662-h442/12b.jpg" width="662" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Brahminy Kite</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aNq6dOx_nPg/X7T1BFCHwXI/AAAAAAAAgGY/iKbDUK693EYuve0aZ4mfP5SXXa-ImK6wQCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/12c.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aNq6dOx_nPg/X7T1BFCHwXI/AAAAAAAAgGY/iKbDUK693EYuve0aZ4mfP5SXXa-ImK6wQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/12c.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Changeable Hawk Eagle (dark morph)</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N4WIPrq9AYY/X7Yh8ZD6HvI/AAAAAAAAgIw/Tdx-g4KXvIgLCpODpyt0eUy1Bs1JKWb7gCLcBGAsYHQ/s720/7a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N4WIPrq9AYY/X7Yh8ZD6HvI/AAAAAAAAgIw/Tdx-g4KXvIgLCpODpyt0eUy1Bs1JKWb7gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/7a.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Crested Serpent Eagle</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES</span></b></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Despite their increased size the Black Giant squirrels are very active and agile. They take long leaps from treetop to treetop with ease. Like the Dusky Langurs they will also take daredevil leaps into a treetop tens of metres below. When leaping from trees they seem to be able to compress their bodies into a more aerodynamic shape</span>.</div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kD1lBH-h3RQ/X7T1qUp1YRI/AAAAAAAAgHI/_X8EwHWhruEeZ9IrYPrtYIGMrbyTHnU-gCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/AD6I2344.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="555" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kD1lBH-h3RQ/X7T1qUp1YRI/AAAAAAAAgHI/_X8EwHWhruEeZ9IrYPrtYIGMrbyTHnU-gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I2344.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GFv4AOVo1Ls/X7T1rVtqfOI/AAAAAAAAgHY/I2AZfLnSdPcZyEUjs1QabL0-TVS6l8rJwCLcBGAsYHQ/s830/AD6I2448.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GFv4AOVo1Ls/X7T1rVtqfOI/AAAAAAAAgHY/I2AZfLnSdPcZyEUjs1QabL0-TVS6l8rJwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I2448.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GphMzNkwcSU/X7T1rH7HXBI/AAAAAAAAgHQ/tbyKzE8DN8ArziTfSgc636KxbYwmOsksQCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/AD6I4962.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GphMzNkwcSU/X7T1rH7HXBI/AAAAAAAAgHQ/tbyKzE8DN8ArziTfSgc636KxbYwmOsksQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I4962.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d8jY1HAB-PE/X7T1rcckdlI/AAAAAAAAgHU/-xOSSDfFCN4Bc3Dpsl_UWI3WY1KTGhp5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s700/AD6I4975.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d8jY1HAB-PE/X7T1rcckdlI/AAAAAAAAgHU/-xOSSDfFCN4Bc3Dpsl_UWI3WY1KTGhp5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I4975.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p><span style="font-family: arial;">It is interesting to compare the disposition of the tail in the Black Giant squirrel and the Dusky Langur. The tail is up early in the jump but down on arrival at target.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7aLmDnLLx0U/X7dBpONUXDI/AAAAAAAAgK0/8h64O9EpEtkKOCg-EjopLuCDGPqG1k0QACLcBGAsYHQ/s720/AD6I2559.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7aLmDnLLx0U/X7dBpONUXDI/AAAAAAAAgK0/8h64O9EpEtkKOCg-EjopLuCDGPqG1k0QACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I2559.jpg" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>In conclusion:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The only thing I don't understand about this species is; what are all the nests for?</span></p></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-22251818121648714622020-10-14T18:48:00.041-07:002020-11-23T23:55:15.456-08:00DUSKY LANGURS (part 2)<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>REPRODUCTION</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Both male and female Dusky Langurs are sexually mature between 3 to 4 years of age. Females have a menstrual cycle lasting approximately three weeks. Oestrus is often accompanied by a swelling of the genitalia. Breeding can occur throughout the year, however most births occur between January and March. The gestation period is 145 days and the interval between births is around 2 years. For the first weeks the infant langur is breast-fed every 90 minutes by its mother. She has assistance from other females in the first weeks to do other chores. Newborn Dusky Langurs have bright orange fur with pink skin. The orange fur begins to she the second week after birth. At around three weeks, black-greyish hair starts to appear on the forehead, tail and limbs. By the forth month the head and back are black-grey with only the cheeks showing traces of orange. After six months the entire body is light black-grey which grows darker with age. The second layer of white fluffy hair starts growing after six months.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It is not known the age at which an infant Dusky Langur is considered weaned.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">I first saw orange babies in the adjacent forest in late April 2020. A mobile creche was seen to be moving through the forest and females carrying the babies met up later. It was clear the mother(s) had assistance from other females in the troop. I speculated the babies were twins and I only saw one infant with the troop in subsequent days. Twins have been recorded being raised successfully but this is usually not the case. In hilly terrain, with many tall trees to negotiate, the female is not able to carry two infants.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fqSQwb1g1fA/X4NszCaWo8I/AAAAAAAAfvQ/qYG1gajaacQZmyuLv3gJjpkjmrjWy10HwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7184.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fqSQwb1g1fA/X4NszCaWo8I/AAAAAAAAfvQ/qYG1gajaacQZmyuLv3gJjpkjmrjWy10HwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7184.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4XHTNS06BHo/X4Ns4e4F3RI/AAAAAAAAfvY/zyHnUeFKnSw8qWzT0sznuKzVSSfvRZgogCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I2997-1920.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4XHTNS06BHo/X4Ns4e4F3RI/AAAAAAAAfvY/zyHnUeFKnSw8qWzT0sznuKzVSSfvRZgogCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I2997-1920.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EqDMrLryTxU/X4NtD6C0MzI/AAAAAAAAfvg/ayb8GLZTiFcOiY6Uz5MRgKEXTg4PadoiwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I1313-amal.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="652" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EqDMrLryTxU/X4NtD6C0MzI/AAAAAAAAfvg/ayb8GLZTiFcOiY6Uz5MRgKEXTg4PadoiwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1313-amal.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Assisting the mother by taking the infant for a time</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LzJjRHenhyE/X4NtJBdn-jI/AAAAAAAAfvo/pln7MzU9imUFZDAKM7Po_DTegB-QELE4ACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I1313-modif.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="786" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LzJjRHenhyE/X4NtJBdn-jI/AAAAAAAAfvo/pln7MzU9imUFZDAKM7Po_DTegB-QELE4ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1313-modif.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Attending to toilet matters</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There are several theories put forward as to why some langur species have orange babies. One of these is that the infants are easier to see in the forest for their carers. There are at least four species of Langur all belonging to the genus </span><i style="font-family: arial;">Trachypithecus</i><span style="font-family: arial;"> that have orange babies. They are; Dusky Langurs, Silvery Langurs, Phayre's Langurs and Francois Langurs. The first two are mainly found in peninsular Malaysia while the last mentioned is found in small pockets in Northern Vietnam and Southern China. The Phayre's Langur is found in parts of Southeast Asia from Thailand to India. It has most similarity to the Dusky Langurs and is classified in the same group. There are 18 recognised species in the genus </span><i style="font-family: arial;">Trachypithecus</i><span style="font-family: arial;">....which when translated from Greek means 'rough monkey'. The members of the genus are often referred to as Lutungs (Lutongs) which means 'blackness' in the Sundanese language.</span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0fO6rJlL0A/X4Nxv0m4_BI/AAAAAAAAfv4/9FrAHIVUQP0QGdqRDsRC0fomi1gzU1txgCLcBGAsYHQ/s620/d246477c823d4b28713a6900fc986940.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="501" data-original-width="620" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0fO6rJlL0A/X4Nxv0m4_BI/AAAAAAAAfv4/9FrAHIVUQP0QGdqRDsRC0fomi1gzU1txgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/d246477c823d4b28713a6900fc986940.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Silvery Langurs</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kQxdI_NXPrs/X4Nx0jX9FMI/AAAAAAAAfv8/7YxzFyeLkw8wZ7JgAzc5uoSpGA0ZFGE-gCLcBGAsYHQ/s810/baby-monkey-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="810" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kQxdI_NXPrs/X4Nx0jX9FMI/AAAAAAAAfv8/7YxzFyeLkw8wZ7JgAzc5uoSpGA0ZFGE-gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/baby-monkey-2.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Francois Langur infant</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bwPM0k7bVus/X4N-kZcRbQI/AAAAAAAAfw4/pQCn0tg-sM450CCqPdGsErv2Xocq7LiSACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/Screenshot%2B2020-10-12%2Bat%2B5.48.35%2BAM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bwPM0k7bVus/X4N-kZcRbQI/AAAAAAAAfw4/pQCn0tg-sM450CCqPdGsErv2Xocq7LiSACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-10-12%2Bat%2B5.48.35%2BAM.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Phayre's Langur and infant</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">There is a small forest remnant on mainland Penang state where Dusky and Silvery Langurs interbreed. The offspring have diluted characteristics of each parent.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GvwlxofIGWc/X4N1bhtFK2I/AAAAAAAAfwQ/ThG8WOiwFwg9Mf3BpvzJda7PJFy3FwzfwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/B97P3003.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GvwlxofIGWc/X4N1bhtFK2I/AAAAAAAAfwQ/ThG8WOiwFwg9Mf3BpvzJda7PJFy3FwzfwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/B97P3003.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">T<span style="font-family: arial;">he hybrid Langur is on the left</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Corey L Booth wrote a review paper several years ago examining ontogenetic colour changes (these are irreversible changes in colour during the progressive development of a species) in a number of species. Booth concluded that the orange colour in langur species 'may illicit</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> attention, protection and caregiving by adults'. The caregiving is at a critical point in the baby's life. I believe Booth to be correct but is there a biochemical trigger elicited in others by the appearance of the bright orange infant?</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The orange colour would have arisen some time ago by a mutation that was favourable to survival. Natural selection would favour this brief colour change. The extra attention accorded the new arrival would have given a survival advantage. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below are two images, of different infants, highlighting the attention that newborn babies get from other females in the troop. Other females will carry the baby to allow the young mother some respite from the constant burden. I have even seen 4 langurs with a baby confer when faced with a wide jump. The baby was passed to one of the group who must has been rated the best long jumper. The extra attention drops off as the infant changes colour.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fsesEaDiWhg/X4N3hcd4GOI/AAAAAAAAfwc/SCMPz7rrrhInlWDxkd4Jjjh1L7ynNJbnQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/admiration.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fsesEaDiWhg/X4N3hcd4GOI/AAAAAAAAfwc/SCMPz7rrrhInlWDxkd4Jjjh1L7ynNJbnQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/admiration.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PcE5e2JNYdg/X4N3vLgjbaI/AAAAAAAAfwg/D4LzYIYwH7gK4Z0G3QmvwLwmMCONE7iUACLcBGAsYHQ/s1920/AD6I0926.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1652" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PcE5e2JNYdg/X4N3vLgjbaI/AAAAAAAAfwg/D4LzYIYwH7gK4Z0G3QmvwLwmMCONE7iUACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I0926.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XLF9o70Kivs/X4N30JWPWxI/AAAAAAAAfwo/WGkYF2c0VN0UpcyIIQCjx5g0_W5KBIX0wCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I4197.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="705" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XLF9o70Kivs/X4N30JWPWxI/AAAAAAAAfwo/WGkYF2c0VN0UpcyIIQCjx5g0_W5KBIX0wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I4197.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The mother is in the foreground and while she feeds the other two share minding duties</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-evEhPTwqIkA/X4N-_lfD2BI/AAAAAAAAfxA/Ta-k5ablpWs6yDLd-V3XzoZyhTKn1lcXACLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/AD6I7763.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-evEhPTwqIkA/X4N-_lfD2BI/AAAAAAAAfxA/Ta-k5ablpWs6yDLd-V3XzoZyhTKn1lcXACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7763.jpg" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Even with the help of others the mother must keep up with the troop and jumps and feeds normally with the infant holding on tightly. It boils down to the fact that the infant's life depends on the integrity of its grip on the mothers belly fur. This is crucial even hours after the birth.</div></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below are several situations illustrated where the infant has to have a good grip on life. When plummeting from a high tree the mother will angle her body to take the impact of the branches but mostly during the jump both of her arms are readied for impact.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-htKbWsOh48U/X4OzUwO1iDI/AAAAAAAAfxQ/xkjkLXjPojIB919vXGsmILugae_dafAKACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I5404.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="731" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-htKbWsOh48U/X4OzUwO1iDI/AAAAAAAAfxQ/xkjkLXjPojIB919vXGsmILugae_dafAKACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I5404.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jv7hqP6-1iM/X4Oza6L-cjI/AAAAAAAAfxU/pSvG67G38TIriT7VQvXL-tbSv11WeIVMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6607.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="784" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jv7hqP6-1iM/X4Oza6L-cjI/AAAAAAAAfxU/pSvG67G38TIriT7VQvXL-tbSv11WeIVMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6607.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mother launches off the tall Sterculia tree. She will land in the foliage below right</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GrTNuTg05Ig/X4OzgUM3w1I/AAAAAAAAfxY/u4oFWgI4oKYm_DXQhXqHY3Byb0myVqznwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7633-proc.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GrTNuTg05Ig/X4OzgUM3w1I/AAAAAAAAfxY/u4oFWgI4oKYm_DXQhXqHY3Byb0myVqznwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7633-proc.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">One arm is supporting at the beginning of the jump.......</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JIFLHG1aSU4/X4O0AyzfGEI/AAAAAAAAfxk/wMLWWvIRct0m-ZI_Riot3YDN7ucNnZ9RwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9871.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="807" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JIFLHG1aSU4/X4O0AyzfGEI/AAAAAAAAfxk/wMLWWvIRct0m-ZI_Riot3YDN7ucNnZ9RwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9871.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">........but both arms are needed for landing</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8NBPnO79iw4/X4O4ctDM3UI/AAAAAAAAfxw/xxjoer8Jw_gWkznuhTBE7JLIANUry2F7gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I8271.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8NBPnO79iw4/X4O4ctDM3UI/AAAAAAAAfxw/xxjoer8Jw_gWkznuhTBE7JLIANUry2F7gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8271.jpg" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">As mentioned, breast feeding is an important source of nutrients for the growing infant whose metabolic system will take some time to get used to a vegetarian diet. As the infant gets older the mother will give it some pre-chewed plant material with maternal associated enzymes. </span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FR_ZfqJQbCo/X4QhUoE1fkI/AAAAAAAAfyM/VZwOHAFhf6ci_8t32AKCvaQ8I42vBlI8gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I3694.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FR_ZfqJQbCo/X4QhUoE1fkI/AAAAAAAAfyM/VZwOHAFhf6ci_8t32AKCvaQ8I42vBlI8gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I3694.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZeQtW7Wki5Q/X4QhU6SifZI/AAAAAAAAfyQ/KzFGN226V7MePR9Viol13FY0ZJkKQh_zwCLcBGAsYHQ/s939/AD6I3736.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="939" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZeQtW7Wki5Q/X4QhU6SifZI/AAAAAAAAfyQ/KzFGN226V7MePR9Viol13FY0ZJkKQh_zwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I3736.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AiQ8QT9ctSk/X4QhXhOVGII/AAAAAAAAfyU/8aKzqfXP6ZAzHJ4pwh08wftJmaL4FmlagCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I4497.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AiQ8QT9ctSk/X4QhXhOVGII/AAAAAAAAfyU/8aKzqfXP6ZAzHJ4pwh08wftJmaL4FmlagCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I4497.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NcRmADkTssM/X4QhbpetJSI/AAAAAAAAfyY/Co6iZDaZ9Y84YeSM-JqDLMKF7XmQl5PHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I8441.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NcRmADkTssM/X4QhbpetJSI/AAAAAAAAfyY/Co6iZDaZ9Y84YeSM-JqDLMKF7XmQl5PHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8441.jpg" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jTzV2s_cNus/X4UHYU4UNcI/AAAAAAAAf1M/nyZUyvCqGGsJN_iGLiKjulFQZwNFZV37QCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6752.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jTzV2s_cNus/X4UHYU4UNcI/AAAAAAAAf1M/nyZUyvCqGGsJN_iGLiKjulFQZwNFZV37QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6752.jpg" /></a></div></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The female Dusky Langurs invest a lot of time and energy in keeping their infant secure and well fed. The strong affection between the pair is obvious and a delight to witness (illustrated below). </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oqodNi-jOh8/X4QijMY87uI/AAAAAAAAfys/VFXfKuo5iuINZStuylJGnUKHGKKcx3V_ACLcBGAsYHQ/s916/AD6I3417.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="916" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oqodNi-jOh8/X4QijMY87uI/AAAAAAAAfys/VFXfKuo5iuINZStuylJGnUKHGKKcx3V_ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I3417.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u-XhsRDG9VY/X4QilAGWmXI/AAAAAAAAfyw/N65xyZHAEXISYXI9O0uTIc9rOnQkiRNYACLcBGAsYHQ/s1004/AD6I4626.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1004" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u-XhsRDG9VY/X4QilAGWmXI/AAAAAAAAfyw/N65xyZHAEXISYXI9O0uTIc9rOnQkiRNYACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I4626.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Cp1x2xqkRJg/X4QinLHaMsI/AAAAAAAAfy0/W_0PYqIHolE1cdM5qsopFVq-t0TDN85AACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7106.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Cp1x2xqkRJg/X4QinLHaMsI/AAAAAAAAfy0/W_0PYqIHolE1cdM5qsopFVq-t0TDN85AACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7106.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rYFLXePjW8c/X4Qiqszlz9I/AAAAAAAAfy4/TREBkdphaZAxOn9vCzySa-p5b5-NNrAyACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7307.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="863" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rYFLXePjW8c/X4Qiqszlz9I/AAAAAAAAfy4/TREBkdphaZAxOn9vCzySa-p5b5-NNrAyACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7307.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cqXNm0Uy9eE/X4Qiqq2IsDI/AAAAAAAAfy8/tuAv1fZty7IxI-uIY9O71RIuDixiqXaxwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7348.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="885" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cqXNm0Uy9eE/X4Qiqq2IsDI/AAAAAAAAfy8/tuAv1fZty7IxI-uIY9O71RIuDixiqXaxwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7348.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The breast-fed infant seems to think eating leaves is somewhat humorous</span>.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the period of observation of the troop in the adjacent forest there have been three babies born. With the last one I have been able to follow the colour change that happens in this species. These are shown in the subsequent pictures.</span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5JnQgGMheJ8/X4T_UrmDeRI/AAAAAAAAfzU/pvfZs5p3fowNZ35EJf7_8Qls6gtXCK3sgCLcBGAsYHQ/s973/A.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5JnQgGMheJ8/X4T_UrmDeRI/AAAAAAAAfzU/pvfZs5p3fowNZ35EJf7_8Qls6gtXCK3sgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/A.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>5 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q12Oxe6iKOw/X4T_UmTXaWI/AAAAAAAAfzc/ZhLEYw7jEaMPJx4CunhZbbtxP7mABHZiACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/B.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="754" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q12Oxe6iKOw/X4T_UmTXaWI/AAAAAAAAfzc/ZhLEYw7jEaMPJx4CunhZbbtxP7mABHZiACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/B.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">9 days old</span></b><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g94S2_rDPCk/X4T_UortzQI/AAAAAAAAfzY/3MR8FAUqZCcsJpZBnGIF2Dsa_P8rJVMVgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/C.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g94S2_rDPCk/X4T_UortzQI/AAAAAAAAfzY/3MR8FAUqZCcsJpZBnGIF2Dsa_P8rJVMVgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/C.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>23 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j1lFy0CIi88/X4T_Vl7jpZI/AAAAAAAAfzg/ieBcC0FEMlcF3n4q7Wm4Tdvtrueq4r1bgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/D.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j1lFy0CIi88/X4T_Vl7jpZI/AAAAAAAAfzg/ieBcC0FEMlcF3n4q7Wm4Tdvtrueq4r1bgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/D.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>33 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Owm6QkX2Zro/X4T_V7NiewI/AAAAAAAAfzk/i4EVoVBDz1oub_d21ch0o93JAKzRUwkFgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/E.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Owm6QkX2Zro/X4T_V7NiewI/AAAAAAAAfzk/i4EVoVBDz1oub_d21ch0o93JAKzRUwkFgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/E.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>43 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0v6UTjXiGyM/X4T_WFulsCI/AAAAAAAAfzo/r7ywrLsoa20sfe47Zl7h9FbOFzNy4iZmQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1013/F.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1013" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0v6UTjXiGyM/X4T_WFulsCI/AAAAAAAAfzo/r7ywrLsoa20sfe47Zl7h9FbOFzNy4iZmQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/F.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>55 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wDwfIxbItzs/X4UEH-j1FFI/AAAAAAAAf0Y/Syqb-1h3svQTT3EI-vjHA3iOx9YfMlkrwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/G.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wDwfIxbItzs/X4UEH-j1FFI/AAAAAAAAf0Y/Syqb-1h3svQTT3EI-vjHA3iOx9YfMlkrwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/G.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>58 days old </b>(That is his Dad, the alpha male, whose head he is sitting on)<b>.</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RiozHflp3WE/X4UEM2Yk_cI/AAAAAAAAf0c/vGPc-VmzDGEhl-NHnQztaEz9_n1kyZxXACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/H.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RiozHflp3WE/X4UEM2Yk_cI/AAAAAAAAf0c/vGPc-VmzDGEhl-NHnQztaEz9_n1kyZxXACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/H.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>70 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CYLeBskdbx0/X4UE3AMsunI/AAAAAAAAf0o/j6n9QvrDOLAbGHtqD8MxkbmTlXKSzAl8ACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/I.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CYLeBskdbx0/X4UE3AMsunI/AAAAAAAAf0o/j6n9QvrDOLAbGHtqD8MxkbmTlXKSzAl8ACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/I.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>78 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TVUgC9N81IY/X4UFthXeOxI/AAAAAAAAf1A/3Eu4w9k4FDIG6zE9GOGkL7nLFWiYYGlPQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1334/J.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1265" data-original-width="1334" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TVUgC9N81IY/X4UFthXeOxI/AAAAAAAAf1A/3Eu4w9k4FDIG6zE9GOGkL7nLFWiYYGlPQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/J.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>87 days old</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jk2tsNFR_Vo/X4_Nx9fckGI/AAAAAAAAf9A/ltWZXYQyUA0caJAfOXy7g-DEV8HlpGtDQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6502-900.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="715" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jk2tsNFR_Vo/X4_Nx9fckGI/AAAAAAAAf9A/ltWZXYQyUA0caJAfOXy7g-DEV8HlpGtDQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6502-900.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">93 days old</span></b><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gHTgF9sQdoY/X4_N5Ep1nTI/AAAAAAAAf9E/omMchpapmzUYds3-gb0YASrQviPmnwNqACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7720-900.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gHTgF9sQdoY/X4_N5Ep1nTI/AAAAAAAAf9E/omMchpapmzUYds3-gb0YASrQviPmnwNqACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7720-900.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">95 days old</span></b><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">I was astounded to see the juvenile present itself on a high branch with the mother in sight. I was more surprised when he/she did a perfect dive to trees 30 feet below. I did note that Mum conducted the next dive, however.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBWyFh_CxNs/X4_N88OBEWI/AAAAAAAAf9I/pYAgEJL05QksvqrWaFYVra8aPUQCu-ZtACLcBGAsYHQ/s1350/AD6I9127-900.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBWyFh_CxNs/X4_N88OBEWI/AAAAAAAAf9I/pYAgEJL05QksvqrWaFYVra8aPUQCu-ZtACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9127-900.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">97 days old</span></b><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IHbKHfyU7SY/X6FZtoLQ2EI/AAAAAAAAgAQ/EgEV5Ji_upogl3lEghE2khm0nKGZekdTQCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/B97P9018-800.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IHbKHfyU7SY/X6FZtoLQ2EI/AAAAAAAAgAQ/EgEV5Ji_upogl3lEghE2khm0nKGZekdTQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/B97P9018-800.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>107 days old</b></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RN1oTv102Ho/X7y7j9STvhI/AAAAAAAAgTA/qQnswwBjH7Yy5Ndt_6UFK4cthScq3u5YwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/B97P3982.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="710" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RN1oTv102Ho/X7y7j9STvhI/AAAAAAAAgTA/qQnswwBjH7Yy5Ndt_6UFK4cthScq3u5YwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/B97P3982.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>120 days old..no orange anymore</b></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">LIVING NEXT TO THE WORST PREDATOR</span></b></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">My location is in the Diamond Villa apartments in Tanjung Bungah on Penang Island in North Eastern Malaysia. There are several national parks on Penang Island and where we are near the shores of the Strait of Malacca we are essentially surrounded by trees albeit thin in places. The langur troop, which numbers around 20-25 forage in the trees around the periphery of the apartment buildings. Some weeks you will not see them for several days when they are up the hill at the back but they will eventually do their circuit. They have designated sleeping trees and a tall tree between the swimming pool and the road is used at least once a week. I look out for the Mums and babies to track their progress and I see the alpha male interacting with his harem at times. They are a non-aggressive species and will tolerate the reasonably close presence of man. I have seen them sitting on the fence and shifting momentarily into nearby trees when joggers pass.</span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bktwZaQH7bs/X4VXjOH6FSI/AAAAAAAAf1k/vocyGfW8MSQoa_VGDG7WLo4YOaw1BUkwgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bktwZaQH7bs/X4VXjOH6FSI/AAAAAAAAf1k/vocyGfW8MSQoa_VGDG7WLo4YOaw1BUkwgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/a.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The forest running down the west side of the apartment block.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0fYw-7kRPzA/X4VXOJ2plrI/AAAAAAAAf1Y/gjLE1NE-IpEAvJYaPQR95WzzXkHin7-vQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0fYw-7kRPzA/X4VXOJ2plrI/AAAAAAAAf1Y/gjLE1NE-IpEAvJYaPQR95WzzXkHin7-vQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/b.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The trees at the end of the swimming pool form the northern boundary of the langur's domain</span>.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Most of the time the langur troop are foraging in the forest but they sometimes sit on the fence and roadside light fixtures or cavort on the top of the water tank. They seem to like using the ladder on the side of the tank and leap from there into adjacent bushes often displaying excellent parkour techniques</span><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"> by leaping at the concrete wall, running along it briefly and then launching themselves into the bushes. Langurs will also lick the exposed parts of the concrete to obtain minerals.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uCwIsoJei3Q/X4VYO3BWIXI/AAAAAAAAf1w/poCis-0e4MENZRwQPdhd584y2rw8eWxKACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/C.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uCwIsoJei3Q/X4VYO3BWIXI/AAAAAAAAf1w/poCis-0e4MENZRwQPdhd584y2rw8eWxKACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/C.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Expert at wall-running or parkour.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vbsYbHsz1us/X4VYO7VYrEI/AAAAAAAAf1s/iwf52Z_0mVwlR4vuVbHN36BvZrfLRzOvwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/D.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vbsYbHsz1us/X4VYO7VYrEI/AAAAAAAAf1s/iwf52Z_0mVwlR4vuVbHN36BvZrfLRzOvwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/D.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o436kpcapN8/X4VYVEB_cCI/AAAAAAAAf10/fUon_6CLa6k49WdPz4ONMVLiEzA39f_pgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/D1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="699" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o436kpcapN8/X4VYVEB_cCI/AAAAAAAAf10/fUon_6CLa6k49WdPz4ONMVLiEzA39f_pgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/D1.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hkOC_5vP5hE/X4VYVYirO4I/AAAAAAAAf14/r4KPWKNaIOIu6itBupWKcX18GVuSr4DogCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/D2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hkOC_5vP5hE/X4VYVYirO4I/AAAAAAAAf14/r4KPWKNaIOIu6itBupWKcX18GVuSr4DogCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/D2.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PvBW_F8Dyu4/X4VYVRTj9mI/AAAAAAAAf18/W6zhirjWKyQG8-rpdsQirTskzll8T1i9gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/E.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="769" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PvBW_F8Dyu4/X4VYVRTj9mI/AAAAAAAAf18/W6zhirjWKyQG8-rpdsQirTskzll8T1i9gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/E.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C8uZrZJXcyM/X4VYWudkCTI/AAAAAAAAf2A/GZCRZqHvvUkMKKSH2-t0Qb8EJPc-lLH-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1280/F.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="947" data-original-width="1280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C8uZrZJXcyM/X4VYWudkCTI/AAAAAAAAf2A/GZCRZqHvvUkMKKSH2-t0Qb8EJPc-lLH-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/F.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Licking the exposed concrete</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The only other man-made objects the langurs come in contact with are the mirrors at corners in the internal road, the footpath lights and the fence, which is like a primate rapid rail system when they want to get somewhere in a hurry.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9QKnPNZ0jaY/X4VjB7OtzKI/AAAAAAAAf2s/ia-mrmtogSYPO0Tk3iSW8lHsKfE5ChdRwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/G.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9QKnPNZ0jaY/X4VjB7OtzKI/AAAAAAAAf2s/ia-mrmtogSYPO0Tk3iSW8lHsKfE5ChdRwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/G.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GubKHArP8DU/X4VjBniUNMI/AAAAAAAAf2k/7dzM8a1NomsXhjVKk5PHGz3xC50kOmHWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/H.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="861" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GubKHArP8DU/X4VjBniUNMI/AAAAAAAAf2k/7dzM8a1NomsXhjVKk5PHGz3xC50kOmHWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/H.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o4oehAsHnAY/X4VjBoMoVgI/AAAAAAAAf2o/SC00Qd0H0Ngy7GznuBslwIIqVfVdY12VACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/I.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o4oehAsHnAY/X4VjBoMoVgI/AAAAAAAAf2o/SC00Qd0H0Ngy7GznuBslwIIqVfVdY12VACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/I.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UqiZ66xGwD0/X4VjC4IHDeI/AAAAAAAAf2w/F257CffY_ZwpocztAMACSXldfmk92RTNwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1007/J.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1007" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UqiZ66xGwD0/X4VjC4IHDeI/AAAAAAAAf2w/F257CffY_ZwpocztAMACSXldfmk92RTNwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/J.jpg" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Elsewhere the power or telephone wires provide a convenient over-bridge.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DtYTSTWRSXw/X4Vj-xsGlfI/AAAAAAAAf3E/mkcgN7niwFYygJC_ndshhh4x0M4mXlhhQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/K.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DtYTSTWRSXw/X4Vj-xsGlfI/AAAAAAAAf3E/mkcgN7niwFYygJC_ndshhh4x0M4mXlhhQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/K.jpg" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is generally a peaceful coexistence between human and langurs in the estate but the greater problem is summed up in the following image.........</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BAqViL1_wKY/X4V-YNluK7I/AAAAAAAAf3c/_ez7ML7s31YhVFliRME6XFhr5U0yTlUcgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/L.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BAqViL1_wKY/X4V-YNluK7I/AAAAAAAAf3c/_ez7ML7s31YhVFliRME6XFhr5U0yTlUcgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/L.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">......................high-rise apartment buildings have encroached on the langur's natural habitat.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>BY FAR THE WORST PREDATOR OF ENDANGERED SPECIES, SUCH AS THE DUSKY LANGUR, IS MAN.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>It must be remembered that 90% of the Dusky Langurs live in Malaysia.....it is a Malaysian primate and it should be carefully managed in the places it lives.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>WHAT IS BEING DONE?</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Malaysia generally has a poor record for conservation and nurturing native species. Regulation is in place to protect a number of species but there is poor policing of the law. Often it is on the shoulders of dedicated individuals to do something positive. I have met a number of them. So it is the case with Dusky Langurs, at least in Penang state where the white knight (or more correctly ...lady) is a young local currently doing her PhD on the distribution and habits of Dusky Langurs. Jo Leen Yap has driven the establishment of the Langur Project Penang (LPP), whereby she takes the plight of this primate to the public, especially the very young children. It is educating them that will show results and a change of mindset for the future. As well as her fieldwork, Jo Leen gives talks, shares video-links and is involved in many public discussions. The conservation field needs 50 Jo Leen Yaps. She has raised money for an overbridge so that langurs crossing roads to other food trees don't run the risk of being hit by cars and trucks. Why I don't think this initiative does anything of significance to solve the problem of the halving of Dusky Langur numbers in Malaysia in the last 30 years, it does provide ....PUBLICITY.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The other problem that Jo Leen has addressed is the illegal trade in this species. The babies are too cute for their own good and misguided members of the public think they will be better mothers than the infants own mother. So it is baby clothes and fast-food for you little orange one. I would let any young human female have the babies to show off to their friends if they are prepared to breast-feed them every 90 minutes for a year. In truth the babies will die a horrible death under such misguided human husbandry. It is illegal to have them as pets but again enforcement is lacking. Whenever Jo Leen becomes aware of these illegal pets she will alert the authorities.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Her work is best summed up by the Habitat foundation, as follows:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tUbv9x_8gVc/X4WS-5ro5qI/AAAAAAAAf3w/npuzOGYxg64XYEb8iyLaLCuW6Ph46QZUACLcBGAsYHQ/s760/THF_web_LPP_760-x-530.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="760" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tUbv9x_8gVc/X4WS-5ro5qI/AAAAAAAAf3w/npuzOGYxg64XYEb8iyLaLCuW6Ph46QZUACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/THF_web_LPP_760-x-530.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oGM2Gl24UO0/X4WSZfPUUDI/AAAAAAAAf3o/V-yMFCcqNnkOwCb7b-WXnXBlcworYfREwCLcBGAsYHQ/s225/download.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="224" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oGM2Gl24UO0/X4WSZfPUUDI/AAAAAAAAf3o/V-yMFCcqNnkOwCb7b-WXnXBlcworYfREwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/download.jpg" /></a></div></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><b><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>MALAYSIA; PRESERVE <u>YOUR</u> DUSKY LANGURS</b></span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><b>This is not a good report card</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l9ZX4qZKa1A/X4pyoZzt0HI/AAAAAAAAf7I/iG7XId7JpPwPrIrWO5sGyhVJ6Ci6ff5MQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1224/Screenshot%2B2020-07-11%2Bat%2B7.58.20%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1224" data-original-width="867" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l9ZX4qZKa1A/X4pyoZzt0HI/AAAAAAAAf7I/iG7XId7JpPwPrIrWO5sGyhVJ6Ci6ff5MQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Screenshot%2B2020-07-11%2Bat%2B7.58.20%2BPM.png" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-47412972466552350532020-10-14T18:48:00.000-07:002020-10-14T18:48:23.426-07:00DUSKY LANGURS (part one)<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">DUSKY LANGURS (Malaysia's monkey)</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: x-large;">(part one)</span></b></span></div><p></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>INTRODUCTION</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">I have seen Dusky Langurs a number of times during the years I spent in Singapore and Malaysia. I marvelled at how cute they looked and was enchanted by the carrot-coloured babies. In late 2019 we changed location and rented an apartment at Diamond Villa in Tanjung Bungah on Penang Island. Not only were the views marvellous but there was a troop of Dusky Langurs in the adjacent forest. During the Covid-19 lockdown in 2020 photographing them became a project.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rZI2YXkiHPA/X33Dqi1WItI/AAAAAAAAfmo/hmyMBxaLL3EUEufRWs2XJW0NxskU75cRQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1500/4-28a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rZI2YXkiHPA/X33Dqi1WItI/AAAAAAAAfmo/hmyMBxaLL3EUEufRWs2XJW0NxskU75cRQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/4-28a.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The first orange baby that was sighted in the forest next to our apartment<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>DISTRIBUTION AND PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langurs (<i>Trachypithecus obscurus</i>) are mostly located on Peninsular Malaysia with some spillover into Thailand and Myanmar. The species is also known as the Dusky Leaf Monkey, Spectacled Langur or Lutong. They have recently been designated as 'endangered' on the IUCN red list due to habitat loss and wildlife trafficking. They have lost 70% of habitat over 36 years to human activity, resulting in greater than 50% population decline. Widely hunted for food and the pet trade; the population continues to decline.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fd5YTymP6dY/X35lXkZOcvI/AAAAAAAAfm4/J211mGnKNpky4_chZjF78xjbdAJrfKLDgCLcBGAsYHQ/s992/Map_of_Southeast_Asia.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="992" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fd5YTymP6dY/X35lXkZOcvI/AAAAAAAAfm4/J211mGnKNpky4_chZjF78xjbdAJrfKLDgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Map_of_Southeast_Asia.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langurs are mostly in Peninsular Malaysia plus some in Southern Thailand and Myanmar<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Locally Dusky Langurs are found in tropical rainforests with Dipterocarp trees as well as coastal forests, botanical gardens, national parks and urban areas.They mostly live in troops consisting of an alpha male, multiple females, juveniles and infants. On average there is any number between 6 and 20 in the troop. Both males and females disperse when they are between 3 and 4 years old. The alpha male rules the troop and only he mates with sexually mature females. Copulation is quick, taking 5 to 10 seconds. The alpha male is the father of all the babies in the troop and if he is displaced the new alpha male is likely to kill offspring of his predecessor. This type of violence is very uncharacteristic of the species.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jNtNegEnbkQ/X35vP8Dr9UI/AAAAAAAAfnQ/2-4rGm6l97Mq61m0RkGBb4-iSjXwDNw4gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6341.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jNtNegEnbkQ/X35vP8Dr9UI/AAAAAAAAfnQ/2-4rGm6l97Mq61m0RkGBb4-iSjXwDNw4gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6341.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Seven members of the troop feeding in an Acacia tree</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ASelj5C0Ao/X350KVkd5BI/AAAAAAAAfn4/HMJ81H7R8jkwxLWjIUJQccSSUPeOT7gAwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I5102.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ASelj5C0Ao/X350KVkd5BI/AAAAAAAAfn4/HMJ81H7R8jkwxLWjIUJQccSSUPeOT7gAwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I5102.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langur eating leaves, their main diet.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The word 'langur' originated from a Hindu word meaning 'long-tailed. Their tail ranges in length from 50-85cm, longer than its body. The tails are not prehensile but are used for balancing when leaping or climbing trees. The head to body length in the male Dusky Langurs is 67cm (26.5 inches). The females are slightly smaller and lighter. The species has a unique appearance with its dark grey body fur with white-coloured fur patches surrounding its eyes and mouth. The adults also have buffy white hair crowns. They have a three chambered stomachs, opposable thumbs and like other Old World monkeys.......they have sitting pads. Their lifespan varies between 20-30 years, depending on their habitat.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The tail was used in the three images below for different purposes; (i) Used as an anchor while leaning forwards and (ii) To stabilise against a strong wind coming from the far side. The tail was curled in the direction of the wind. In the third image the tail is in different positions during the jump; up at the start and down when landing<span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ewbpo_8HdnA/X3_fFJxc0iI/AAAAAAAAfpw/v4h6FSG-I3whR53aLFR6ycuUj2FvXtBlgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/AD6I9177.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="1334" data-original-width="2000" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ewbpo_8HdnA/X3_fFJxc0iI/AAAAAAAAfpw/v4h6FSG-I3whR53aLFR6ycuUj2FvXtBlgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9177.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NzNhM7RxiW8/X3_fFNxR9KI/AAAAAAAAfps/9wSv1_b8DTA-S3ACa-tB0YwEnyR2q8zMgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9206.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NzNhM7RxiW8/X3_fFNxR9KI/AAAAAAAAfps/9wSv1_b8DTA-S3ACa-tB0YwEnyR2q8zMgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9206.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jl0NAN9Ib00/X358xFJ4ZXI/AAAAAAAAfoU/RrdtrQ3hxZkEG8kk86XOskUg_4HpCz3bwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I2559.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jl0NAN9Ib00/X358xFJ4ZXI/AAAAAAAAfoU/RrdtrQ3hxZkEG8kk86XOskUg_4HpCz3bwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I2559.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-50kzX5jmuZc/X358sM2ugFI/AAAAAAAAfoQ/_j2uD4xxDeUxjSM_bmYFP1xIZ8KnzLbXwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1333/AD6I1979.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1117" data-original-width="1333" height="1083" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-50kzX5jmuZc/X358sM2ugFI/AAAAAAAAfoQ/_j2uD4xxDeUxjSM_bmYFP1xIZ8KnzLbXwCLcBGAsYHQ/w1333-h1083/AD6I1979.jpg" width="1333" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A close-up of the face detail showing white fur a skin<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u9c8rmyB5MI/X355soPQroI/AAAAAAAAfoE/ekEtFxNI8sgMcph7ONub9lTZV_c5H3fHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s997/AD6I1641.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="997" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u9c8rmyB5MI/X355soPQroI/AAAAAAAAfoE/ekEtFxNI8sgMcph7ONub9lTZV_c5H3fHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1641.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The white head fur in the mature adult<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t_5IJWpF0yM/X3582JxMTlI/AAAAAAAAfoY/-4x4upZgtjgwLDqFwEbsT4Lx-35VBI0hQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1141/AD6I8886.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="754" data-original-width="1141" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t_5IJWpF0yM/X3582JxMTlI/AAAAAAAAfoY/-4x4upZgtjgwLDqFwEbsT4Lx-35VBI0hQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8886.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The sitting pads on the derriere<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">DIET</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Dusky Langurs are diurnal and eat fruit, seeds, shoots and flowers.They have teeth adapted to their folivorous diet. They can consume up to 2kg of food every day while weighing only 5-9kg. Their stomachs are adapted to their cellulose-rich diet in that their stomach system has triple sacs where fermentation takes place with cellulose-degrading bacteria and other detoxification processes. Research on Penang Island in Malaysia shows that there are over 120 food plants the species feeds on. It is my observation that most of their intra-territory movement is directed to where there is ripe fruit. The consumption of multiple fruits makes them a major seed disperser in rainforests. Illustrated below are a variety of fruits and seeds that make up the diet in the Diamond Villa troop. These include; <i>Sterculia parviflora, Angsana, Acacia auriculiformis, Syzygium grande</i> (Jambu Air Laut) and <i>Artocarpus elasaticus</i> (Terap nasi)...just to name a few.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nMOGE-KqUY4/X36tU_a9cnI/AAAAAAAAfoo/k59GlSAyNAIGOKRQU3dB0ssxdLeobK_TQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I0217.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nMOGE-KqUY4/X36tU_a9cnI/AAAAAAAAfoo/k59GlSAyNAIGOKRQU3dB0ssxdLeobK_TQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I0217.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_AlTAra4uVs/X36tYJVnU6I/AAAAAAAAfos/2lJ-dhAHQkoHEojM5l0L2QZushbdkmwiwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I1362.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_AlTAra4uVs/X36tYJVnU6I/AAAAAAAAfos/2lJ-dhAHQkoHEojM5l0L2QZushbdkmwiwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1362.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GfYtqn2oinY/X36tgF_Te1I/AAAAAAAAfow/i2aMEO7KNRYaobQAq5Cmt3Gg5qKKvpX8gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I1886.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GfYtqn2oinY/X36tgF_Te1I/AAAAAAAAfow/i2aMEO7KNRYaobQAq5Cmt3Gg5qKKvpX8gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1886.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2sURCpQfpCA/X36tj54EdiI/AAAAAAAAfo0/r_aFa3SGaRIu8ONze0P39mA3jdaQsUeuACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I3449.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2sURCpQfpCA/X36tj54EdiI/AAAAAAAAfo0/r_aFa3SGaRIu8ONze0P39mA3jdaQsUeuACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I3449.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Je-mt-YhlTM/X36tn3idyTI/AAAAAAAAfpA/htm6map8lgoztrz_8LaSQCLG6Vn3rgn8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/DPP07DF031E112754.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Je-mt-YhlTM/X36tn3idyTI/AAAAAAAAfpA/htm6map8lgoztrz_8LaSQCLG6Vn3rgn8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/DPP07DF031E112754.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eSA69lAj99Y/X36tvKqWcUI/AAAAAAAAfpE/YFFQ2uP_iXMIPC9fLr4igcE0yXwzuTsuACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6380.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eSA69lAj99Y/X36tvKqWcUI/AAAAAAAAfpE/YFFQ2uP_iXMIPC9fLr4igcE0yXwzuTsuACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6380.jpg" /></a></div>.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dkC1tBz_tBo/X36ulJy3fLI/AAAAAAAAfpY/TCvAJxgdz8IKOs2lH8bq6Bj_6zlny0EPwCLcBGAsYHQ/s990/AD6I9632-1500.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="990" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dkC1tBz_tBo/X36ulJy3fLI/AAAAAAAAfpY/TCvAJxgdz8IKOs2lH8bq6Bj_6zlny0EPwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9632-1500.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ggcC73nEpoQ/X36ufqL2AOI/AAAAAAAAfpU/zIJiI8DYatEz0GnDPwkcEi9bK_2qXxYXwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6921.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ggcC73nEpoQ/X36ufqL2AOI/AAAAAAAAfpU/zIJiI8DYatEz0GnDPwkcEi9bK_2qXxYXwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6921.jpg" /></a></div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rotwIPzNqzw/X3_iW5cdKwI/AAAAAAAAfqA/aT06U4SU88YOWTEYURl_R7TqMzrT66i1gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7062.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><i><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rotwIPzNqzw/X3_iW5cdKwI/AAAAAAAAfqA/aT06U4SU88YOWTEYURl_R7TqMzrT66i1gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7062.jpg" /></i></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Artocarpus elasticus</i> (Terap nasi).......there are many of these trees in the adjacent forest that fruit in June<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>GETTING ABOUT</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The troop members will spend 25% of their time feeding and about the same time moving from tree to tree. They spend nearly 50% of their time resting (and digesting). During this time there has to be quite a lot of gas emission. Resting usually occurs in the middle of the day when it is hottest. The young Langurs are light and streamlined but the older adults are rather rotund as they are essentially fermentation barrels, but are nevertheless very athletic. In their environment jumping is the quickest way to get anywhere. They have a brief look at the situation then launch themselves, sometimes in the best daredevil mode. They have great confidence in their abilities</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jx60JOxrCPY/X3_k8vkJBGI/AAAAAAAAfqQ/uMFs1LjXqUsW3S-VdB8KsYvLPk1IE8ynACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I1826.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jx60JOxrCPY/X3_k8vkJBGI/AAAAAAAAfqQ/uMFs1LjXqUsW3S-VdB8KsYvLPk1IE8ynACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1826.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J06WxPFwQa8/X3_k8TdoSnI/AAAAAAAAfqM/-j5g6sDJPwoxjmLs_WqVt0GSP_nRyD87QCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6474-2300.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J06WxPFwQa8/X3_k8TdoSnI/AAAAAAAAfqM/-j5g6sDJPwoxjmLs_WqVt0GSP_nRyD87QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6474-2300.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-61kfdvj6_WY/X3_lC-TH_wI/AAAAAAAAfqU/-BQhHXGZqqkWFj2Nee6hiVep53UV-niOACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-61kfdvj6_WY/X3_lC-TH_wI/AAAAAAAAfqU/-BQhHXGZqqkWFj2Nee6hiVep53UV-niOACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/a.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lAzO8aE___g/X3_lGZNFTUI/AAAAAAAAfqY/kI4KKFTL0Jg08RqkcC0iSshpJcWRDlYHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7716.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lAzO8aE___g/X3_lGZNFTUI/AAAAAAAAfqY/kI4KKFTL0Jg08RqkcC0iSshpJcWRDlYHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7716.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NjCQd0k9m90/X3_lK8ngOuI/AAAAAAAAfqk/FovyXjdV_uAyBo9O4h3hhcr-TcAA98tswCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/DPP07E00C080E3635.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NjCQd0k9m90/X3_lK8ngOuI/AAAAAAAAfqk/FovyXjdV_uAyBo9O4h3hhcr-TcAA98tswCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/DPP07E00C080E3635.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8jkdy5IvlrY/X3_lKzguaXI/AAAAAAAAfqc/T111Qz3uFVg6f6f3-a_jayOV-pXapswewCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/e.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8jkdy5IvlrY/X3_lKzguaXI/AAAAAAAAfqc/T111Qz3uFVg6f6f3-a_jayOV-pXapswewCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/e.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZnLA-CbzRPU/X3_lK6GFaZI/AAAAAAAAfqg/GRUsqtwo2YU_FN1KKIa1nBQ2D_92ha60wCLcBGAsYHQ/s882/g.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="882" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZnLA-CbzRPU/X3_lK6GFaZI/AAAAAAAAfqg/GRUsqtwo2YU_FN1KKIa1nBQ2D_92ha60wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/g.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E5Uwdyt5_No/X3_0F4rHgzI/AAAAAAAAfrE/FgopkLWE6AsiNaKCT3TWskP_-VyZn5K9gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9858.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E5Uwdyt5_No/X3_0F4rHgzI/AAAAAAAAfrE/FgopkLWE6AsiNaKCT3TWskP_-VyZn5K9gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9858.jpg" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Most of the Dusky Langur locomotion is hind-limb dominated but in trees all four limbs are used equally.They can climb trees effortlessly and have a great sense of balance.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VPmmhQL2SDU/X3_0S_QHdII/AAAAAAAAfrM/4DNpNZz9XC8RPxVVIncMPDxKLbhL7UnUQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9281.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VPmmhQL2SDU/X3_0S_QHdII/AAAAAAAAfrM/4DNpNZz9XC8RPxVVIncMPDxKLbhL7UnUQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9281.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I3OvsJvqUDM/X3_0VoNuXTI/AAAAAAAAfrU/KdjAlmH8MA0ploZUMeFXhbIh2KBXZsVeACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I3930.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I3OvsJvqUDM/X3_0VoNuXTI/AAAAAAAAfrU/KdjAlmH8MA0ploZUMeFXhbIh2KBXZsVeACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I3930.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SGBdSbZd2BY/X3_0Yy3y3CI/AAAAAAAAfrY/CGnryDCRYJMvkwOcAO_BU2ET3miNOxv2gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I8691.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="626" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SGBdSbZd2BY/X3_0Yy3y3CI/AAAAAAAAfrY/CGnryDCRYJMvkwOcAO_BU2ET3miNOxv2gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8691.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>SOCIALIZATION</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Dusky Langurs will indulge in grooming and can be seen embracing and kissing. They will chase each other and play games and seem to be smiling on these occasions. They will have arguments amongst themselves but are generally a docile species that have evolved a face-to-face strategy for conflict resolution. Dusky Langurs possess a repertoire of vocalisations, postures and tactile behaviour which they use to communicate with each other. Vocalisations of males are typically more robust than that of female langurs, although the calls are similar.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Male sentries sit high in the treetops to keep watch for predators. They will emit a 'whoo' call to warn the troop members of potential danger, followed by a two-part honk call known as 'chengkong'. The call is so distinctive locals often call the species 'chengkongs'.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-woEWZVS0DSk/X4AVpawjrUI/AAAAAAAAfrs/4NAQljNViVYv87lAfg9VQ84QtO36VnEvgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9400.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-woEWZVS0DSk/X4AVpawjrUI/AAAAAAAAfrs/4NAQljNViVYv87lAfg9VQ84QtO36VnEvgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9400.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-byZn6tCBU6s/X4AVtQNfNPI/AAAAAAAAfrw/h8wND2YtUMMsHvZPSbMTBx-E4QNc2Jy6gCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I0618.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-byZn6tCBU6s/X4AVtQNfNPI/AAAAAAAAfrw/h8wND2YtUMMsHvZPSbMTBx-E4QNc2Jy6gCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I0618.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3io1SbQ1Z0k/X4AVv6Fi0yI/AAAAAAAAfr0/FwaZj0IcV2wj1dAIm36p2N8fIZ9Dl-DZACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7582.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3io1SbQ1Z0k/X4AVv6Fi0yI/AAAAAAAAfr0/FwaZj0IcV2wj1dAIm36p2N8fIZ9Dl-DZACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7582.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--swsz4DCe2I/X4AV2EgSvGI/AAAAAAAAfr4/Deegxu2UTTodoHL_aF8yH4I4jtpnOekOwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7843.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="827" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--swsz4DCe2I/X4AV2EgSvGI/AAAAAAAAfr4/Deegxu2UTTodoHL_aF8yH4I4jtpnOekOwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7843.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-STMbqsyjgbI/X4AV4lYxZiI/AAAAAAAAfr8/saO4B6o7DwQ_lpPgwJlObWV2JD1uGSQZwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I8906.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="730" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-STMbqsyjgbI/X4AV4lYxZiI/AAAAAAAAfr8/saO4B6o7DwQ_lpPgwJlObWV2JD1uGSQZwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8906.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZcR3gfb4_RA/X4AV64LSnaI/AAAAAAAAfsE/QrxoGRLDEEUIZzRXPehQJM-NHxcU68UpACLcBGAsYHQ/s946/AD6I7540.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZcR3gfb4_RA/X4AV64LSnaI/AAAAAAAAfsE/QrxoGRLDEEUIZzRXPehQJM-NHxcU68UpACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7540.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_Bg1RmiA8M8/X4ZhIf3bzbI/AAAAAAAAf4Y/sKU4mpUzDrI56uO3pb-420AdjW43QusLACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I1855a.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_Bg1RmiA8M8/X4ZhIf3bzbI/AAAAAAAAf4Y/sKU4mpUzDrI56uO3pb-420AdjW43QusLACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I1855a.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The alpha male surrounded by female admirers and one of his offspring<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>SHARING THE FOREST</b></div></span><span style="font-family: arial;">In line with its non-aggressive nature Dusky Langurs co-exist peacefully with the other species they share the forest with; Long-tailed Macaques, Plantain Squirrels, Sunda Colugos, Black Giant Squirrels, Silvery Lutongs They have been observed to interbreed with this latter species on the mainland). There are no Silvery Lutongs or Colugos in the domain of the Diamond Villa troop. Langurs have been observed to be mutually grooming with Long-tailed Macaques. Several close contacts have been observed with Black Giant Squirrels as they often feed on the same trees. On one occasion the Langur seemed to deliberately corner the large squirrel who made a hasty exit.</span></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9CEVE8Ktkio/X4ZgMxqLm-I/AAAAAAAAf4E/w0UqU09NxL4WLKQvs6NQfMow7aeNBfSOgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/B97P2887.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9CEVE8Ktkio/X4ZgMxqLm-I/AAAAAAAAf4E/w0UqU09NxL4WLKQvs6NQfMow7aeNBfSOgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/B97P2887.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Long-tailed Macaques</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBb2SkmktM4/X4DoTorDaRI/AAAAAAAAfsY/jdIn0-AKRN0fJp2VT_jxsMXac9zJbXovQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I5804.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BBb2SkmktM4/X4DoTorDaRI/AAAAAAAAfsY/jdIn0-AKRN0fJp2VT_jxsMXac9zJbXovQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I5804.tif" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Plantain Squirrel</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sgpPLJWrLrM/X4DoWhSMYlI/AAAAAAAAfsc/i-8WvJSdPVocCSy49En9jewsP2HD-NjbgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7273.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sgpPLJWrLrM/X4DoWhSMYlI/AAAAAAAAfsc/i-8WvJSdPVocCSy49En9jewsP2HD-NjbgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7273.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black Giant Squirrel</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tFvyp3OX_kE/X4Doasd56FI/AAAAAAAAfsg/ELBfCT08TWAhfQhA4rjAKuGU8y3FVcoPACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9420.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tFvyp3OX_kE/X4Doasd56FI/AAAAAAAAfsg/ELBfCT08TWAhfQhA4rjAKuGU8y3FVcoPACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9420.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black Giant Squirrel portrait</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-05mlhKFWDcg/X4DogZRGDeI/AAAAAAAAfsk/8SPSqDqvbHAsuIk9sW3hVPlMC-IcsELlQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/fffff.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-05mlhKFWDcg/X4DogZRGDeI/AAAAAAAAfsk/8SPSqDqvbHAsuIk9sW3hVPlMC-IcsELlQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/fffff.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Interaction between Dusky Langur and Black Giant Squirrel on an Acacia tree<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L8GU9ywlbCM/X4DokDXX6vI/AAAAAAAAfss/ABsRRcSIkk0-bFJ6kSvK7KWAFJdIlmqTACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/into%2Bthe%2Bblue.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L8GU9ywlbCM/X4DokDXX6vI/AAAAAAAAfss/ABsRRcSIkk0-bFJ6kSvK7KWAFJdIlmqTACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/into%2Bthe%2Bblue.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Long-tailed Macaque</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A6dALQgznwQ/X4Dop_uEl7I/AAAAAAAAfsw/jIvgHIRvlWYcx7DlfoDCQhrhJYJC_qGlQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/B97P3142.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A6dALQgznwQ/X4Dop_uEl7I/AAAAAAAAfsw/jIvgHIRvlWYcx7DlfoDCQhrhJYJC_qGlQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/B97P3142.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Silvery Lutong (Silvered Langur)</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EkaraVmgnmw/X4DpLvjevTI/AAAAAAAAftE/tPP4w0h_4WItS-VmBmfGNSY9Nfc05C9ZACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/B97P3003.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EkaraVmgnmw/X4DpLvjevTI/AAAAAAAAftE/tPP4w0h_4WItS-VmBmfGNSY9Nfc05C9ZACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/B97P3003.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Silvery Lutong/Dusky Langur hybrid (left) grooming a Dusky Langur</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">The hybrid between and Dusky Langur and a Silvery Lutong has partial white eye surrounds, incomplete white around the mouth when compared with a Dusky Langur but it has the spiked crown of fur on the head which is typical of the Silvery Lutong.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There are interactions with various bird species, notably the Racket-tailed Drongos. This blackbird-sized bird with two long-trailing tail feathers is a forest insect feeder and a great mimic of ambient sounds. Forest birds are known to hunt singly or in multi-species waves where the cooperative movement across a wide front stirs up forest insects which is a benefit to all. When Dusky Langurs are moving the resultant disturbance of insects is also on a broad front. The drongos take full advantage of this and are often in very close proximity to the primates. Multiple drongos can be at 'the front' and often get very excited with their wide repertoire of calls. In return for this service the drongos warn the Langurs of the presence of predators. For the Langurs it is like having a personal surveillance drone.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NA2_WuxFd1c/X4D-AD-f41I/AAAAAAAAftg/yFf98lGHJ_kkZXWE5N6aCi2brXHyXRUtACLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I6229%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="761" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NA2_WuxFd1c/X4D-AD-f41I/AAAAAAAAftg/yFf98lGHJ_kkZXWE5N6aCi2brXHyXRUtACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I6229%2B2.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6FGkwHzrKSw/X4D-KA6cs7I/AAAAAAAAftk/qopUQJ_TxigBFqAsiNdSJjgKlU_iMG3IwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I7492.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6FGkwHzrKSw/X4D-KA6cs7I/AAAAAAAAftk/qopUQJ_TxigBFqAsiNdSJjgKlU_iMG3IwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7492.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gQPhvKBxDNs/X4D-N224_XI/AAAAAAAAfto/BI83e3xRms0VLRICtarR1KZQipUcvtUmACLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/AD6I7436.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gQPhvKBxDNs/X4D-N224_XI/AAAAAAAAfto/BI83e3xRms0VLRICtarR1KZQipUcvtUmACLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I7436.jpg" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Black-naped Orioles are also seen gathering near the moving Langur troop but the association is not as profound as with the Drongos.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZerHxewjTPA/X4D_LzNvoiI/AAAAAAAAft4/givvALGt6x4s6m1gExwdMH2iZNdDqLmwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I0241.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZerHxewjTPA/X4D_LzNvoiI/AAAAAAAAft4/givvALGt6x4s6m1gExwdMH2iZNdDqLmwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I0241.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Black-naped Oriole feeding</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">As with any upside there is a downside. There are several potential predators the Langurs avoid or deal with. These include Snakes (Reticulated Pythons and Wagler's Pit Viper), Monitor Lizards and large Raptors (White-bellied Sea Eagle, Changeable Hawk Eagle and Crested Serpent Eagle.....all of which have been seen in the adjacent forest). By far the biggest threat is man, which will be addressed in part 2. All local eagles will take Plantain Squirrels, rats and snakes but I have yet to see them take smaller monkeys although they are capable of it.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IBxr_SkfBgA/X4E4jiWzIdI/AAAAAAAAfuk/1LUAlnylNkoqC7MI5eu0WBOYYGiB5hk-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/wag2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="695" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IBxr_SkfBgA/X4E4jiWzIdI/AAAAAAAAfuk/1LUAlnylNkoqC7MI5eu0WBOYYGiB5hk-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/wag2.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Wagler's Pit Viper</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KZK5krRRygY/X4EA3GuEyzI/AAAAAAAAfuE/ImUBEQgq0YEwbbQZEpnWV1Uc6WI10I3UQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/Bjorn_Lardner_-_B_reticulatus_2_Pulau_Buton_SE_Sulawesi_Indonesia_-_USGS_permitted_to_use.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KZK5krRRygY/X4EA3GuEyzI/AAAAAAAAfuE/ImUBEQgq0YEwbbQZEpnWV1Uc6WI10I3UQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/Bjorn_Lardner_-_B_reticulatus_2_Pulau_Buton_SE_Sulawesi_Indonesia_-_USGS_permitted_to_use.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reticulated Python</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OqWtbFLnvFU/X4EA9yAvT4I/AAAAAAAAfuI/Ot4R_JN-eDo1CmTb_HGwy7vLAyqYTouJgCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9423-v.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OqWtbFLnvFU/X4EA9yAvT4I/AAAAAAAAfuI/Ot4R_JN-eDo1CmTb_HGwy7vLAyqYTouJgCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9423-v.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Clouded Monitor Lizard</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CUzPCaB2Wt0/X4EBDfOexWI/AAAAAAAAfuM/gC8JMLo1u602Xn3MSTWnqgdpQmRZTVcrwCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I2965-1620.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CUzPCaB2Wt0/X4EBDfOexWI/AAAAAAAAfuM/gC8JMLo1u602Xn3MSTWnqgdpQmRZTVcrwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I2965-1620.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">White-bellied Sea Eagle</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Dusky Langurs will defend their territory against snakes and have been observed to shake or break branches when a python is in the vicinity. Likewise, with monitor lizards they show excitement and jump around the intruder to warn others. </span></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tj7yf8Q4rU0/X4ZyipUDHEI/AAAAAAAAf5A/knoZVl_3uoQ31Mxbv0ZG-hKnby8Hag-aQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1204/AD6I5247-BGS.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tj7yf8Q4rU0/X4ZyipUDHEI/AAAAAAAAf5A/knoZVl_3uoQ31Mxbv0ZG-hKnby8Hag-aQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I5247-BGS.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The comparative size of a Black Giant Squirrel and an adult Dusky Langur<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">SLEEPING</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">My observation and that of longer-term residents on the estate indicates that every three or four nights the langurs will move along the northern tree line around 6pm and spend the night in two adjacent trees near the road entrance of the estate. It can be assumed that there are 3-4 other sleeping trees in the territory of this troop.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qmoPHkQh8B0/X4Z57VWcJmI/AAAAAAAAf5M/9JKDL9FMeswvvL3RMfLRvsrb6nJin9NHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s667/AD6I8030.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="667" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qmoPHkQh8B0/X4Z57VWcJmI/AAAAAAAAf5M/9JKDL9FMeswvvL3RMfLRvsrb6nJin9NHwCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I8030.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Late in the evening a female settles in one of the sleeping trees to breast-feed her infant.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WZjWzPD74qk/X4Z6cOlV9MI/AAAAAAAAf5U/Wnkg9fYIggMgkQpSENrzYmnPU1uBz7TlQCLcBGAsYHQ/s900/AD6I9194.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WZjWzPD74qk/X4Z6cOlV9MI/AAAAAAAAf5U/Wnkg9fYIggMgkQpSENrzYmnPU1uBz7TlQCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/AD6I9194.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early activity at dawn in one of the sleeping trees overlooking the Strait of Malacca.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> End of p</span></b><b style="color: #b45f06; font-family: arial; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;">art one</b></div>Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-87327965010436696802019-08-11T18:50:00.000-07:002020-10-13T02:02:48.724-07:00The Yardbirds (surrounding yourself with nature)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My wife and
I moved to Penang from Singapore in August 2011. We purchased a new house in
the Tanjung Seri Pinang development in 2008. The house was a semi-detached, three-story
house that was a blank canvas as far as the small space that surrounded the house
on three sides. <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mZN3DXl7AV0/XU9NG4C0RyI/AAAAAAAAXro/5EV_PWdm3b0WSaawMZdk6AXNizHtJU5EQCLcBGAs/s1600/Map%2BSeri%2BTanjung%2BPinang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="944" data-original-width="1600" height="376" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mZN3DXl7AV0/XU9NG4C0RyI/AAAAAAAAXro/5EV_PWdm3b0WSaawMZdk6AXNizHtJU5EQCLcBGAs/s640/Map%2BSeri%2BTanjung%2BPinang.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Seri Tanjung Pinang development on the right side of the land adjacent to the Straits of Malacca</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Lopw5bJGwF4/XU9LuaqDCWI/AAAAAAAAXrU/ilHpQKXm8dID2BKD7AhXOdVV_Kr14FbxACK4BGAYYCw/s1600/2008.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Lopw5bJGwF4/XU9LuaqDCWI/AAAAAAAAXrU/ilHpQKXm8dID2BKD7AhXOdVV_Kr14FbxACK4BGAYYCw/s640/2008.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Our house under construction in 2008. There is not much garden space. The Straits of Malacca is in the background</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WWONOL1NZ28/XU9MTjEr4OI/AAAAAAAAXrc/xBzROH0SY8Y1vs-R4fUXkugv9jmqI0lcwCLcBGAs/s1600/Covered%2Bsitting%2Barea%2Bthird%2Bfloor.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WWONOL1NZ28/XU9MTjEr4OI/AAAAAAAAXrc/xBzROH0SY8Y1vs-R4fUXkugv9jmqI0lcwCLcBGAs/s640/Covered%2Bsitting%2Barea%2Bthird%2Bfloor.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Second floor. Cover added plus Astroturf and a garden</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CGSUbccOQok/XU9Mba9UEII/AAAAAAAAXrg/fe7D2HyljoombwlB-GOTaolc2AwRdmVQACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC01782.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CGSUbccOQok/XU9Mba9UEII/AAAAAAAAXrg/fe7D2HyljoombwlB-GOTaolc2AwRdmVQACLcBGAs/s640/DSC01782.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lawn plus garden at the side of the house</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Nr7IHx9Ef6o/XU_V3ojeCII/AAAAAAAAX18/C60ML-odEjko_RFp3jGOztaMHjRxARRjwCLcBGAs/s1600/Backyard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Nr7IHx9Ef6o/XU_V3ojeCII/AAAAAAAAX18/C60ML-odEjko_RFp3jGOztaMHjRxARRjwCLcBGAs/s640/Backyard.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Back garden area. lots of hibiscus and bottlebrush trees.</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XAxY2RNbD_8/XVEg5ODKlFI/AAAAAAAAX3Q/l6CwbKO3Rr02hmczex66-YyYA6qi4hWPgCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/DSC03223.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XAxY2RNbD_8/XVEg5ODKlFI/AAAAAAAAX3Q/l6CwbKO3Rr02hmczex66-YyYA6qi4hWPgCK4BGAYYCw/s640/DSC03223.jpg" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Higher view of the back garden</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We also had
an irrigated flower garden on the second floor. Several published articles
listed flowering plants that attract birds. The list includes; Heliconias,
torch ginger. Yellow Saraca, Bottlebrushes, Golden Penda. Pink Powderpuff,
Firecracker plant, Hibiscus, Ixora plus others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We planted Heliconia, Yellow Saraca, Ixora. Bottlebrushes and Pink Powderpuff plants.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A ceramic
bird-bath was added in recent years to attract our feathered friends.</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HELICONIA</span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2IkLdFWKBq4/XU9a0sdSBCI/AAAAAAAAXsU/E6mjN1TJzzkcRA_QyCWSRB_t0H-q4NSOACLcBGAs/s1600/nurserylive-heliconia-plant.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2IkLdFWKBq4/XU9a0sdSBCI/AAAAAAAAXsU/E6mjN1TJzzkcRA_QyCWSRB_t0H-q4NSOACLcBGAs/s640/nurserylive-heliconia-plant.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n-heyM18RGU/XU9bEgUK1iI/AAAAAAAAXsk/eu6HrD91krs78n4nOLSwG5czM9fHL-SEACLcBGAs/s1600/pg-water-heliconia-yellow-800x800.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n-heyM18RGU/XU9bEgUK1iI/AAAAAAAAXsk/eu6HrD91krs78n4nOLSwG5czM9fHL-SEACLcBGAs/s640/pg-water-heliconia-yellow-800x800.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HIBISCUS</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7m4tiRn6Fbw/XU9aU7ZfikI/AAAAAAAAXr0/KjaKV73pWu0HRedhg69vpcp-cCvEmRdVQCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE04020E2A05-1200.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="924" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7m4tiRn6Fbw/XU9aU7ZfikI/AAAAAAAAXr0/KjaKV73pWu0HRedhg69vpcp-cCvEmRdVQCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE04020E2A05-1200.jpg" width="492" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IdfKhVQRrVY/XU9a6SMp5nI/AAAAAAAAXsY/Ga3hbij0LckHsqVuPxrW-8P5CFliXiG-QCLcBGAs/s1600/nurserylive-hibiscus-any-color-plant9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IdfKhVQRrVY/XU9a6SMp5nI/AAAAAAAAXsY/Ga3hbij0LckHsqVuPxrW-8P5CFliXiG-QCLcBGAs/s640/nurserylive-hibiscus-any-color-plant9.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PINK POWDERPUFF</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vI8ADGqyM7I/XU9a_imiVaI/AAAAAAAAXsc/tnOt3XM1EQ01bhhinlAvs-XZUdBzMgD6ACLcBGAs/s1600/Calliandra-surinamensisPink-Powderpuff5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vI8ADGqyM7I/XU9a_imiVaI/AAAAAAAAXsc/tnOt3XM1EQ01bhhinlAvs-XZUdBzMgD6ACLcBGAs/s640/Calliandra-surinamensisPink-Powderpuff5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BOTTLEBRUSH ( favourite with Sunbirds and bulbuls)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IXORA</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ex1zVABYF9E/XU91ExfGEzI/AAAAAAAAXy0/rY9qyeY2lFQkEIyD3WzaR45K8ZBJ41rPgCLcBGAs/s1600/Ixora%2Bsp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="847" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ex1zVABYF9E/XU91ExfGEzI/AAAAAAAAXy0/rY9qyeY2lFQkEIyD3WzaR45K8ZBJ41rPgCLcBGAs/s640/Ixora%2Bsp.jpg" width="542" /></a></div>
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<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Birds</b></span></h3>
</div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We have
multiple daily visits from Olive-backed Sunbirds, Common Tailorbirds,
Scarlet-backed Flowerpeckers. Yellow-vented Bulbuls, Black-naped Orioles and more recently Pied
Fantails are omnipresent. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XhWgI1AvatU/XU9cQ3GZOrI/AAAAAAAAXtI/PzeS6Bg2piYAuyo3JDYSDeMWMHovbGLCwCLcBGAs/s1600/126406831.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="999" data-original-width="1333" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XhWgI1AvatU/XU9cQ3GZOrI/AAAAAAAAXtI/PzeS6Bg2piYAuyo3JDYSDeMWMHovbGLCwCLcBGAs/s640/126406831.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Common Tailorbird</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--UCS0SF6Als/XU9cXRBTqNI/AAAAAAAAXtM/I5b9_k5zcQwV4ABmqxNAyxMy9cDrGMCrgCLcBGAs/s1600/Common-Tailorbird.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="650" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--UCS0SF6Als/XU9cXRBTqNI/AAAAAAAAXtM/I5b9_k5zcQwV4ABmqxNAyxMy9cDrGMCrgCLcBGAs/s640/Common-Tailorbird.jpg" width="520" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Common Tailorbird</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3cDoe2Zh32Y/XU-soNMUG1I/AAAAAAAAX1g/iMWeXtPTfvg-V3IH3fVNVJiVrhaUmbpYgCK4BGAYYCw/s640/PEEKAY%2B006V%2Bweb.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="426" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The stitched leaf nest of the Common Tailorbird</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MeESZ2MC7vc/XU9cpH7_wrI/AAAAAAAAXtg/SSIYoNHhIeEqAcDiXdBxshzeA6CFD3H9gCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_0931-TIFF_filtered.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MeESZ2MC7vc/XU9cpH7_wrI/AAAAAAAAXtg/SSIYoNHhIeEqAcDiXdBxshzeA6CFD3H9gCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_0931-TIFF_filtered.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Olive-backed Sunbird (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pznUCAmpew8/XU9dIoaYHZI/AAAAAAAAXuI/T3GHSb8SpJwyHRzNxU90A6UOHX8V6D_8ACLcBGAs/s1600/Olive-backed%2BSunbird%2Bmale.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="683" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pznUCAmpew8/XU9dIoaYHZI/AAAAAAAAXuI/T3GHSb8SpJwyHRzNxU90A6UOHX8V6D_8ACLcBGAs/s640/Olive-backed%2BSunbird%2Bmale.tif" width="426" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KRDpg1rFPu0/XU9cc6VtX4I/AAAAAAAAXtU/mz3319qfHEIMsKe2T2kXO5CaX824aoU8gCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE02040B2E39.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KRDpg1rFPu0/XU9cc6VtX4I/AAAAAAAAXtU/mz3319qfHEIMsKe2T2kXO5CaX824aoU8gCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE02040B2E39.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dx2TqB1l89E/XU9c5-eeXdI/AAAAAAAAXt0/ahlcMFd-cHEEPnuRsgB-9wHVRDy9k8PsACLcBGAs/s1600/yellow-vented%2BBulbul.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1092" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dx2TqB1l89E/XU9c5-eeXdI/AAAAAAAAXt0/ahlcMFd-cHEEPnuRsgB-9wHVRDy9k8PsACLcBGAs/s640/yellow-vented%2BBulbul.jpg" width="464" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Yellow-vented Bulbul</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fQdUTU3RxZQ/XU-Dp5GdixI/AAAAAAAAX00/mcON6GlcUAAoSYtdY9LeFcfoCJMRmBDLwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/B97P9743.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fQdUTU3RxZQ/XU-Dp5GdixI/AAAAAAAAX00/mcON6GlcUAAoSYtdY9LeFcfoCJMRmBDLwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/B97P9743.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NmsRCS0ydss/XU-scyUINBI/AAAAAAAAX1Y/zTFbActablUQRFVZoSbOB6ZjC_jFWHlAgCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/unnamed-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NmsRCS0ydss/XU-scyUINBI/AAAAAAAAX1Y/zTFbActablUQRFVZoSbOB6ZjC_jFWHlAgCK4BGAYYCw/s640/unnamed-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Yellow-vented Bulbul chicks</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EG2HTBJOQPA/XU-sHZquzSI/AAAAAAAAX1I/AKEPfmNlWYEKzWUYhqKdBPqlQ0adOjZYQCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/DPP07DE0603150906%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EG2HTBJOQPA/XU-sHZquzSI/AAAAAAAAX1I/AKEPfmNlWYEKzWUYhqKdBPqlQ0adOjZYQCK4BGAYYCw/s640/DPP07DE0603150906%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black-naped Oriole too near to a Bulbul nest</span></td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ejGwSRqk2QE/XU9s4vAy6LI/AAAAAAAAXyo/8B3-L9K79Ug5nnq2BPPRY5ML4qHQaZaDwCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE0114111924.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ejGwSRqk2QE/XU9s4vAy6LI/AAAAAAAAXyo/8B3-L9K79Ug5nnq2BPPRY5ML4qHQaZaDwCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE0114111924.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black-naped Oriole</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cXt0j1OYNog/XU_pJ4FaQ7I/AAAAAAAAX2M/K3uiU0yS4mopLRRm5wchKg8MWYbVnKASwCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Scarlet_backed_Flowerpecker_adult_female.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cXt0j1OYNog/XU_pJ4FaQ7I/AAAAAAAAX2M/K3uiU0yS4mopLRRm5wchKg8MWYbVnKASwCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Scarlet_backed_Flowerpecker_adult_female.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Female Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PlBWWFtT18E/XU9dBmUDZFI/AAAAAAAAXuA/JqWaF02NqUE-NcKSJxgODyFyZvhq43RCACLcBGAs/s1600/Scarlet-backed%2Bflower-pecker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1070" data-original-width="1600" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PlBWWFtT18E/XU9dBmUDZFI/AAAAAAAAXuA/JqWaF02NqUE-NcKSJxgODyFyZvhq43RCACLcBGAs/s640/Scarlet-backed%2Bflower-pecker.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker (male) . A very small species</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jClmsvTS_GI/XU9soSqJOVI/AAAAAAAAXyg/MDEb43ebe2wOLW4RMmlOzNB7jCrvSPoPACLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Pied_Fantail_adult.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jClmsvTS_GI/XU9soSqJOVI/AAAAAAAAXyg/MDEb43ebe2wOLW4RMmlOzNB7jCrvSPoPACLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Pied_Fantail_adult.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-browed Fantail</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />In the common birds category is the ubiquitous and some may say annoying House Crow. I became more intimately involved with this intelligent species when I rescued a chick that had fallen from a nest with the assistance of a tree butcher (tree pruner in polite terms). The chick survived the night and thrived on a diet of chicken livers. This species has arrived in Penang by riding ships from India where it is endemic. They are highly adaptable and rather bold and live off our garbage. They are also well organised as they group together before roosting at night and likely swap stories and strategies. Our orphan chick had a voracious appetite and stayed with us for almost six months before fully joining crow society. I have seen it up close only once after 2 years. </span></span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D9UhKZFIHgg/XU98dT_KfKI/AAAAAAAAXzY/e9kSE-TgPYQT0wonQWS_sux2HUGGLpwZQCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/House-Crow-Distribution.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D9UhKZFIHgg/XU98dT_KfKI/AAAAAAAAXzY/e9kSE-TgPYQT0wonQWS_sux2HUGGLpwZQCK4BGAYYCw/s640/House-Crow-Distribution.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Qvgq3L08b4Y/XU98h4tz5aI/AAAAAAAAXzg/d7G9nWPR6NM6ot8_LuH2YhaRaBKQEbZZwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/Crow%2Bchick-1400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="488" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Qvgq3L08b4Y/XU98h4tz5aI/AAAAAAAAXzg/d7G9nWPR6NM6ot8_LuH2YhaRaBKQEbZZwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/Crow%2Bchick-1400.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The House Crow chick at 6 weeks old</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9vzfAqQgvD0/XU98mThfWiI/AAAAAAAAXzo/ReHClTAEegQVdyxfsa4ZbEroAquVjkxowCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/IMG_20170925_170357.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9vzfAqQgvD0/XU98mThfWiI/AAAAAAAAXzo/ReHClTAEegQVdyxfsa4ZbEroAquVjkxowCK4BGAYYCw/s640/IMG_20170925_170357.jpg" width="360" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Friendly and very curious</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BqKbcSYrtVs/XU98rZLI5oI/AAAAAAAAXzw/BkuLeTnCfnouct-28wxE-m9zteSkfvndwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/Crow%2B6%2Bweeks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BqKbcSYrtVs/XU98rZLI5oI/AAAAAAAAXzw/BkuLeTnCfnouct-28wxE-m9zteSkfvndwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/Crow%2B6%2Bweeks.jpg" width="496" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At seven weeks old</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />House Crows are often talking noisily to each other or stealing dried twigs to build their crudely constructed nests. The local authorities have tried to eradicate them.......an uneven battle as the crows are much smarter.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The bulbuls have nested in various locations on the
property. The addition of a bird-bath ensured multiple daily visits of Pied
Fantails and the Yellow-vented Bulbuls. The Olive-backed sunbirds do not use
the bird-bath but after the lawn sprinklers have been turned on, they can be
seen wetting themselves on leaves......sometime apparently chattering with
delight as the slide down the wet leaves.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iGEgexLRpl4/XU9ePoeysJI/AAAAAAAAXuY/hKOasvftNb0uTZOJSQS1K1Cyiabo7qkWwCLcBGAs/s1600/Fantail%2Bat%2Bbirdbath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iGEgexLRpl4/XU9ePoeysJI/AAAAAAAAXuY/hKOasvftNb0uTZOJSQS1K1Cyiabo7qkWwCLcBGAs/s640/Fantail%2Bat%2Bbirdbath.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pied Fantail at the birdbath.</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> We have had irregular visits of
Plain-throated and Crimson Sunbirds, Peaceful Doves and one visit by a Whiskered Bulbul. Koels are very
vocal, seasonal visitors as are House Sparrows and Common mynas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JwbtzoWieTY/XU9fsxyVBJI/AAAAAAAAXuo/m8ofO5uzSSwYfG9VO4e-gxdCYOC27K2JwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5067-1400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="934" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JwbtzoWieTY/XU9fsxyVBJI/AAAAAAAAXuo/m8ofO5uzSSwYfG9VO4e-gxdCYOC27K2JwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5067-1400.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Plain-throated Sunbird (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-meNqY-29u3g/XU-DSjymSQI/AAAAAAAAX0o/bXJG0VfsQYAnRtDxvAQ_AGV2so2LXYLvACK4BGAYYCw/s1600/B97P5184-1400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-meNqY-29u3g/XU-DSjymSQI/AAAAAAAAX0o/bXJG0VfsQYAnRtDxvAQ_AGV2so2LXYLvACK4BGAYYCw/s640/B97P5184-1400.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Crimson Sunbird (male)</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Llv32Ty9qPI/XU9fik_h1pI/AAAAAAAAXug/8zjfgY4bjsUDx6OpX1WsDXlWC_X4gEgWwCLcBGAs/s1600/40258391.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1201" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Llv32Ty9qPI/XU9fik_h1pI/AAAAAAAAXug/8zjfgY4bjsUDx6OpX1WsDXlWC_X4gEgWwCLcBGAs/s640/40258391.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-whiskered Bulbul</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jR94C4R8w7E/XU9hKD9tCmI/AAAAAAAAXvg/uBai9Cxz6HU9iAyoEtHy2WzuBydDxPOIgCLcBGAs/s1600/Singapore_Asian_Koel_adult_female.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jR94C4R8w7E/XU9hKD9tCmI/AAAAAAAAXvg/uBai9Cxz6HU9iAyoEtHy2WzuBydDxPOIgCLcBGAs/s640/Singapore_Asian_Koel_adult_female.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Female Koel</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OxjI6FU2dNI/XU9f9QwmPXI/AAAAAAAAXu0/LGuUO1Ee6LEFL8PyTM_xXheWmS77N3pNQCLcBGAs/s1600/Koel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OxjI6FU2dNI/XU9f9QwmPXI/AAAAAAAAXu0/LGuUO1Ee6LEFL8PyTM_xXheWmS77N3pNQCLcBGAs/s640/Koel.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Male Koel</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YYpj3j1dIzk/XU9gGhxuoCI/AAAAAAAAXu4/p1S6LRVtsfIJc46Ou1dlWLOVCvkd1n37gCLcBGAs/s1600/House%2BSparrow%2Bs52-12-123_V.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YYpj3j1dIzk/XU9gGhxuoCI/AAAAAAAAXu4/p1S6LRVtsfIJc46Ou1dlWLOVCvkd1n37gCLcBGAs/s640/House%2BSparrow%2Bs52-12-123_V.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Male House Sparrow</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JqRGR2fPfqw/XU9gKEut66I/AAAAAAAAXu8/aHA7drgn9woL08tg96L4-YDwEmW5DZ7UQCLcBGAs/s1600/House_Sparrow_l07-53-088_l_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="1024" height="512" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JqRGR2fPfqw/XU9gKEut66I/AAAAAAAAXu8/aHA7drgn9woL08tg96L4-YDwEmW5DZ7UQCLcBGAs/s640/House_Sparrow_l07-53-088_l_1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Female House Sparrow</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QfCxETo-0mU/XU9gRfi3kcI/AAAAAAAAXvE/7MC0QI8Nu2IYkpzDHwZar7sNBigbUJ2NgCLcBGAs/s1600/Geopelia_striata_1_crop_-_Chinese_Garden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QfCxETo-0mU/XU9gRfi3kcI/AAAAAAAAXvE/7MC0QI8Nu2IYkpzDHwZar7sNBigbUJ2NgCLcBGAs/s640/Geopelia_striata_1_crop_-_Chinese_Garden.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Peaceful Dove</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jI9fccSVTiE/XU9gWKbWGMI/AAAAAAAAXvI/Qfd0AxzH2iALeMCbVMWfTz-FJOtybgp4wCLcBGAs/s1600/Pitcher%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bmound%2B28-05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jI9fccSVTiE/XU9gWKbWGMI/AAAAAAAAXvI/Qfd0AxzH2iALeMCbVMWfTz-FJOtybgp4wCLcBGAs/s640/Pitcher%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bmound%2B28-05.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Common Myna</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A pair of
trees at the front of the property produces red berries once or twice a year. This
attracts Yellow-vented Bulbuls, Black-naped Orioles and Asian Glossy Starlings.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Greater
Coucals have been in the neighbourhood for years and make raids on Bulbul nests
in the vicinity or on the property. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0Q83BekgVoM/XU9hb6wUznI/AAAAAAAAXvo/SM1MbONS2mIubPTP3t7HfuHGg_5UBPQBACLcBGAs/s1600/7%2BDPP07DD0C15103910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0Q83BekgVoM/XU9hb6wUznI/AAAAAAAAXvo/SM1MbONS2mIubPTP3t7HfuHGg_5UBPQBACLcBGAs/s640/7%2BDPP07DD0C15103910.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Male Asian Glossy Starling</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--Y5aP-hZ0n8/XU9htRONi9I/AAAAAAAAXv4/GkVEgKSClcEmMl5DuIhlBpIseobyjnx9wCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DF0803130809.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1012" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--Y5aP-hZ0n8/XU9htRONi9I/AAAAAAAAXv4/GkVEgKSClcEmMl5DuIhlBpIseobyjnx9wCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DF0803130809.jpg" width="430" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Female Asian Glossy Starling</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-txaWd6N7Cts/XU9hmDAEZrI/AAAAAAAAXvw/Y-OXsSrdDlMoRRVGqnDhwgacEJP0Q9KDQCLcBGAs/s1600/Black-naped%2BOriole.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-txaWd6N7Cts/XU9hmDAEZrI/AAAAAAAAXvw/Y-OXsSrdDlMoRRVGqnDhwgacEJP0Q9KDQCLcBGAs/s640/Black-naped%2BOriole.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black-naped Oriel on fruiting tree</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ysfv-IkKl-k/XU9iAnUKYtI/AAAAAAAAXwM/5mn9hPtN6bYyY5QuPCXdSuWDQZYR5R2SwCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Penang_Yellow_vented_Bulbul_adult.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ysfv-IkKl-k/XU9iAnUKYtI/AAAAAAAAXwM/5mn9hPtN6bYyY5QuPCXdSuWDQZYR5R2SwCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Penang_Yellow_vented_Bulbul_adult.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Yellow-vented Bulbul eating berries</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9gMgGilx6M/XU9hifhvzVI/AAAAAAAAXvs/ucoBdsmXdYwmpzMgxkNnd73aNZ2aPMMTQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1063" data-original-width="1600" height="424" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9gMgGilx6M/XU9hifhvzVI/AAAAAAAAXvs/ucoBdsmXdYwmpzMgxkNnd73aNZ2aPMMTQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3400.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Greater Coucal</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Irregular
visits by White-throated Kingfishers and a White-breasted Waterhen have been
observed.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xrdhhwPcdDE/XU9mybv7aAI/AAAAAAAAXws/ePZ3FH1mrLoQkdlHSo-3FgPSjibtZmyVQCLcBGAs/s1600/KF%2Band%2Bgnat-1400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="1400" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xrdhhwPcdDE/XU9mybv7aAI/AAAAAAAAXws/ePZ3FH1mrLoQkdlHSo-3FgPSjibtZmyVQCLcBGAs/s640/KF%2Band%2Bgnat-1400.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-throated Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sXg2reAwuTo/XU9m3Nr1whI/AAAAAAAAXww/L1GlkHxVouwdNxgD5-M_5934N1a0tHZ3QCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Penang_White_breasted_waterhen_adult.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1250" data-original-width="1600" height="498" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sXg2reAwuTo/XU9m3Nr1whI/AAAAAAAAXww/L1GlkHxVouwdNxgD5-M_5934N1a0tHZ3QCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Penang_White_breasted_waterhen_adult.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-breasted Waterhen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Heard more than seen around the neighbourhood are Large-tailed Nightjars. They are night birds and their distinctive calls can be heard on occasions when in the vicinity or on the property.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-srDEJpRscoU/XVCCPqUrJ8I/AAAAAAAAX2c/P2ipBJRa8tI6y8kQGon4Hgxe_FWs03tQACK4BGAYYCw/s1600/Large-tailed%2BNightjar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-srDEJpRscoU/XVCCPqUrJ8I/AAAAAAAAX2c/P2ipBJRa8tI6y8kQGon4Hgxe_FWs03tQACK4BGAYYCw/s640/Large-tailed%2BNightjar.jpg" width="540" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Large-tailed Nightjar</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Some
flowers, especially the Ixora attracts butterflies and we have regular visits by
Painted Jezebels, Cruisers, Red Helens, Great Mormons and Malay Lacewings. Occasionally the spectacular Common
Birdwing butterflies pass through. </span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1SpnazheSLI/XU9nnDLcJ0I/AAAAAAAAXxE/SXGw_U6PnjYhrjv-25TDUvT6cX5gJdpxwCLcBGAs/s1600/Painted%2BJezebel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1SpnazheSLI/XU9nnDLcJ0I/AAAAAAAAXxE/SXGw_U6PnjYhrjv-25TDUvT6cX5gJdpxwCLcBGAs/s640/Painted%2BJezebel.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Painted Jezebel</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rhjjQa7pJSk/XVCCrCR_z8I/AAAAAAAAX2o/-t09Q55beUkLxM1U8OHkoS_oZXsqGp48wCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/Malay%2BLacewing%2Bbutterfly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rhjjQa7pJSk/XVCCrCR_z8I/AAAAAAAAX2o/-t09Q55beUkLxM1U8OHkoS_oZXsqGp48wCK4BGAYYCw/s640/Malay%2BLacewing%2Bbutterfly.jpg" width="416" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Malay Lacewing on Ixora</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U5sAyI2uvKY/XU9nMjvMJcI/AAAAAAAAXw4/Tj3FKDucUaUu7T7E1nfacO2yPsheulMEwCLcBGAs/s1600/b-1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1036" data-original-width="1600" height="414" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U5sAyI2uvKY/XU9nMjvMJcI/AAAAAAAAXw4/Tj3FKDucUaUu7T7E1nfacO2yPsheulMEwCLcBGAs/s640/b-1900.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Great Mormon</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C4reNZp9lpM/XU9nQF2KhFI/AAAAAAAAXw8/VQa2AnS_qsQJ0G3DcSHAY33pHBSUiEQYwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P0814.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C4reNZp9lpM/XU9nQF2KhFI/AAAAAAAAXw8/VQa2AnS_qsQJ0G3DcSHAY33pHBSUiEQYwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P0814.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red Helen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QHHu6r0kJsI/XU9nefo1ImI/AAAAAAAAXxA/I0z3MoJtvYoiFn_yGF-WrIG1LI4gry9BwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_1678.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="970" data-original-width="1400" height="442" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QHHu6r0kJsI/XU9nefo1ImI/AAAAAAAAXxA/I0z3MoJtvYoiFn_yGF-WrIG1LI4gry9BwCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_1678.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Cruiser</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xsdsPbPWQ8E/XU9oWS63KuI/AAAAAAAAXxg/y5SPAqCa_vg5G6jhJaVvMYB5PzgeKM2qwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/CommonB-MayChan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xsdsPbPWQ8E/XU9oWS63KuI/AAAAAAAAXxg/y5SPAqCa_vg5G6jhJaVvMYB5PzgeKM2qwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/CommonB-MayChan.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Common Birdwing</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A large moth identified as <i>Lyssa zampa</i>
made a brief appearance Their wingspans can grow up to six inches. They appeared
in large numbers in 2014 and stopped a night-time soccer match near Kuala
Lumpur. The moths are attracted to the lights of a city (and football grounds)
but the reasons for these periodic influxes are unknown. The larva feed on <i>Endospermum</i>
and other members of the rubber tree family (<i>Euphorbiaceae</i>).</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hTg_ug7I9NA/XU9ozGLf_cI/AAAAAAAAXxo/NaywhOfrvKEiXn-muag7m_OOjPNX3AMDgCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP_0011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="715" data-original-width="1024" height="446" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hTg_ug7I9NA/XU9ozGLf_cI/AAAAAAAAXxo/NaywhOfrvKEiXn-muag7m_OOjPNX3AMDgCLcBGAs/s640/DPP_0011.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Lyssa Zampa</i> Moth</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We originally had a water feature which seemed to attract Water Monitors of differing sizes, as well a noisy frogs. The feature was removed but we still get visits form these lizards. It is a sobering thought that the carnivorous Komodo Dragons below to this family of reptiles.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZRz_JV9ZCDg/XU9pkELUsbI/AAAAAAAAXxw/sfwm5W-CGrIKDj3-ySXy8HhAx252vD6WwCLcBGAs/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZRz_JV9ZCDg/XU9pkELUsbI/AAAAAAAAXxw/sfwm5W-CGrIKDj3-ySXy8HhAx252vD6WwCLcBGAs/s640/3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Water Manitor</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We used to get regular visits from Tree Shrews that would chase each other along the dividing wall but these visits have become less frequent. House shrews are also on the estate and occasionally enter the house in a harmless fashion but are nevertheless removed.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iAKr4ECpfQg/XU9rKosK31I/AAAAAAAAXyA/VXQWM3PCJiYZl8ozxETmGEEC0MihmAQ0wCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DF0A09063A58.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iAKr4ECpfQg/XU9rKosK31I/AAAAAAAAXyA/VXQWM3PCJiYZl8ozxETmGEEC0MihmAQ0wCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DF0A09063A58.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tree Shrew</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Various species of bats are frequent guests at night....as indicated by the eaten fruit detritus and the faecal wall decorations. One very small species was a regular visitor several years back and enjoyed the same meal around the same time and at the same perch each night.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VmDqG8kVLWk/XU-BTD6tyXI/AAAAAAAAX0Q/VWovuLClBToYDzrJDC4ItzpCl8__4MTuwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/DPP07E00C0A063016.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VmDqG8kVLWk/XU-BTD6tyXI/AAAAAAAAX0Q/VWovuLClBToYDzrJDC4ItzpCl8__4MTuwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/DPP07E00C0A063016.jpg" width="438" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Common Fruit Bat with Sea Almond fruit</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Other flowering plants have been added to the garden for sheer enjoyment; Frangipani provides the perfume and several orchid, attached to trees provide the optical delight.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pnpL7qAj7B4/XU-DCqtW52I/AAAAAAAAX0c/OSz36I9IgHImwYzGt1Aj1l-7CzxfTVLkgCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/DPP07DE0416093650.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pnpL7qAj7B4/XU-DCqtW52I/AAAAAAAAX0c/OSz36I9IgHImwYzGt1Aj1l-7CzxfTVLkgCK4BGAYYCw/s640/DPP07DE0416093650.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Yellow Allamanda flowers</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Or2RjvCpzO0/XU9rCRgSYSI/AAAAAAAAXx8/jNAQIM6_gFkL5gwPB0K9t4x4-da6KM4dwCLcBGAs/s1600/AZ7D7096.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="1024" height="444" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Or2RjvCpzO0/XU9rCRgSYSI/AAAAAAAAXx8/jNAQIM6_gFkL5gwPB0K9t4x4-da6KM4dwCLcBGAs/s640/AZ7D7096.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Frangipani flowers</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After 11 years of ownership we have decided to downsize and the property is in the process of being sold. It was fun.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-64262969619041111762019-04-29T00:56:00.001-07:002019-04-29T00:58:28.208-07:00A special relationship<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
following is a photo essay detailing stages in the life-cycle of a male
White-throated Kingfisher. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When I
first moved to Penang I met a pair of White-throated Kingfishers at a special
site. This species is relatively common in Asia but they are usually very shy.
There were three pairs in the area I was in but only one would let me get
anywhere near. For seven seasons the male had three partners and they were all
accepting of my presence. I was able to photograph all aspects of their lives;
mating, hunting and raising the chicks. This year my kingfishers are not
there...which is not surprising since their life expectancy is 6 years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-83901221018342820052019-04-25T22:32:00.000-07:002019-04-25T22:32:16.008-07:00Bad choices and bad neighbours<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Air Hitam Dalam
is a designated Educational Forest at Sungai Dua on mainland Penang located on the the edge
of the Perai River. This park is a rather scruffy remnant of trees and
mangroves that punches above its weight in terms of species observed there. One
of the reasons for the diversity of species is that it is on a migration route
and many interesting species drop in on their North/South travel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E9SXtgSFWmY/XMANm6-zp8I/AAAAAAAAWZw/R5-qUicRR7YXK65mG6Y7altKI-rCN28QACLcBGAs/s1600/Screenshot%2B2019-04-24%2Bat%2B2.20.02%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1593" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E9SXtgSFWmY/XMANm6-zp8I/AAAAAAAAWZw/R5-qUicRR7YXK65mG6Y7altKI-rCN28QACLcBGAs/s640/Screenshot%2B2019-04-24%2Bat%2B2.20.02%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The location of Air Hitam Dalam (red spot)</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A bund, running
north/south essentially runs parallel to the river while the rising sun comes
through the trees from the east.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3-Z3r3ZZBbw/XL_JBuvn8jI/AAAAAAAAWUM/Sa7l3_ZPMEkkYkOvWGlIqCiPCvXGLaKfACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02510-mod-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3-Z3r3ZZBbw/XL_JBuvn8jI/AAAAAAAAWUM/Sa7l3_ZPMEkkYkOvWGlIqCiPCvXGLaKfACLcBGAs/s640/DSC02510-mod-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The bund at Air Hitam Dalam</span></td></tr>
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ACUbli-UuQU/XL_JHNSjA_I/AAAAAAAAWUQ/ZVPEnY7SIBAHUxA0yBigrBifbGMyOrJGgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02507-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1048" data-original-width="1600" height="418" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ACUbli-UuQU/XL_JHNSjA_I/AAAAAAAAWUQ/ZVPEnY7SIBAHUxA0yBigrBifbGMyOrJGgCLcBGAs/s640/DSC02507-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are
resident kingfishers; Collared, White-throated and Stork-billed as well as seasonal
Common and Ruddy Kingfishers. There are several groups of monkeys including
Long-tailed Macaques and a strange but small group of Dusky Langurs together with a Silvered Langur or two and these two species interbreed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NAY7HZHlcoo/XL_JoO-swGI/AAAAAAAAWUg/K93Yv9HOLbsSu7zt45gdsmjp1psEatx1gCLcBGAs/s1600/Collared%2BKingfisher%2B28-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="934" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NAY7HZHlcoo/XL_JoO-swGI/AAAAAAAAWUg/K93Yv9HOLbsSu7zt45gdsmjp1psEatx1gCLcBGAs/s640/Collared%2BKingfisher%2B28-3.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Collared Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f-NXON0Dn_g/XL_Jz9oBEOI/AAAAAAAAWUo/1JSQMJ4ig5sZROM83LGmzmHa-nJzDPqQACLcBGAs/s1600/82.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f-NXON0Dn_g/XL_Jz9oBEOI/AAAAAAAAWUo/1JSQMJ4ig5sZROM83LGmzmHa-nJzDPqQACLcBGAs/s640/82.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ruddy Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZHgTu5HHwco/XL_Jlo8vKUI/AAAAAAAAWUc/h1IoGzpp1XwowFPnJQQO9JN7lPnsN5PlQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2548-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZHgTu5HHwco/XL_Jlo8vKUI/AAAAAAAAWUc/h1IoGzpp1XwowFPnJQQO9JN7lPnsN5PlQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2548-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Stork-billed Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FGSsDWrKce0/XL_KMkDDBLI/AAAAAAAAWU4/w5WlSsT9nuYLRjy5pbzl5W95mig-zPb_wCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2887.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1124" data-original-width="1600" height="448" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FGSsDWrKce0/XL_KMkDDBLI/AAAAAAAAWU4/w5WlSsT9nuYLRjy5pbzl5W95mig-zPb_wCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2887.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Young Long-tailed Macaques</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z9f8LD8J8qc/XL_KX0xEFNI/AAAAAAAAWU8/gWHhHjbcaCYyhU3fIlqNQ0ziGYB2M9nzgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2918.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1184" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z9f8LD8J8qc/XL_KX0xEFNI/AAAAAAAAWU8/gWHhHjbcaCYyhU3fIlqNQ0ziGYB2M9nzgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2918.jpg" width="472" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dusky Langur</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Colourful
species include; Blue-winged Pittas, Mangrove-Blue Flycatchers, Lineated Barbets, Flameback Woodpeckers, Yellow-rumped Flycatchers and the occasional
Blue-throated Bee-eaters. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QfW2lSb_PhU/XL_KmBXkuqI/AAAAAAAAWVE/51vzFF86ZXcDwZt5Ze9fdP5-USZRFmAggCLcBGAs/s1600/72.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QfW2lSb_PhU/XL_KmBXkuqI/AAAAAAAAWVE/51vzFF86ZXcDwZt5Ze9fdP5-USZRFmAggCLcBGAs/s640/72.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blue-winged Pitta</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3CGo8BZW8E4/XL_Kqr6YsZI/AAAAAAAAWVM/MzHViXhS0QMwJwCEcLF5voyIvajaNrzVwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P0571.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3CGo8BZW8E4/XL_Kqr6YsZI/AAAAAAAAWVM/MzHViXhS0QMwJwCEcLF5voyIvajaNrzVwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P0571.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Flameback Woodpeckers (male and female)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fu3pcbMSqls/XL_Kt53A0BI/AAAAAAAAWVQ/jFxslwrtROwvskF1RBcC4tNBQvkkyD5wgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P0685.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fu3pcbMSqls/XL_Kt53A0BI/AAAAAAAAWVQ/jFxslwrtROwvskF1RBcC4tNBQvkkyD5wgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P0685.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blue-throated Bee-eater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zuvN2s0DI2s/XMAccyXGWNI/AAAAAAAAWac/hAeYam8DHEI2Dk1ongqg6HNE881dnrFUQCLcBGAs/s1600/70.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zuvN2s0DI2s/XMAccyXGWNI/AAAAAAAAWac/hAeYam8DHEI2Dk1ongqg6HNE881dnrFUQCLcBGAs/s640/70.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Coppersmith Barbet</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CwxbJkjZ8Hw/XL_Ky4MiExI/AAAAAAAAWVU/W8CYR6wYrUMICp5lwnYuay13IIb0B6-agCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1824.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CwxbJkjZ8Hw/XL_Ky4MiExI/AAAAAAAAWVU/W8CYR6wYrUMICp5lwnYuay13IIb0B6-agCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1824.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lineated Barbet</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eQhKG0-v-WA/XMAcpYk99II/AAAAAAAAWak/PonKWtjbH0wmT4qV6IjLtO7sGLF5SxLUgCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Black_naped_Oriole_adult_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eQhKG0-v-WA/XMAcpYk99II/AAAAAAAAWak/PonKWtjbH0wmT4qV6IjLtO7sGLF5SxLUgCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Black_naped_Oriole_adult_3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black-naped Oriole</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rapC0IqhIFg/XMAciFhbbDI/AAAAAAAAWag/uT5ukqYstMkCKeEraXZEeKwVXafXT4ZpQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P0115-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rapC0IqhIFg/XMAciFhbbDI/AAAAAAAAWag/uT5ukqYstMkCKeEraXZEeKwVXafXT4ZpQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P0115-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mangrove Blue Flycatcher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Xj29w_zqYVE/XMActNF0kOI/AAAAAAAAWao/mr2Ummgd6v4jFh1R8LdP35IjozmOpsC9wCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Yellow_rumped_Flycatcher_adult_male_breeding%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Xj29w_zqYVE/XMActNF0kOI/AAAAAAAAWao/mr2Ummgd6v4jFh1R8LdP35IjozmOpsC9wCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Yellow_rumped_Flycatcher_adult_male_breeding%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Yellow-rumped Flycatcher (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Yellow-vented Bulbuls and Yellow-bellied Prinias
welcome the morning sun while Asian Open-billed storks leave their night-time
roosts and head for the rice fields. Raptors are represented by Brahminy Kites,
Black Kites and Crested Serpent eagles. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BVgt1K-LV70/XL_LP6HXMxI/AAAAAAAAWVw/HzH7gzkosWIpPvYTwlx5Sj4_KiCLJ9dHACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1841.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BVgt1K-LV70/XL_LP6HXMxI/AAAAAAAAWVw/HzH7gzkosWIpPvYTwlx5Sj4_KiCLJ9dHACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1841.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Roosting Asian Open-billed storks</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WH7hfi-32ec/XL_K3dbtbuI/AAAAAAAAWVc/OqfftY9c_WU51nE5RJHQjXuNofL6LyLfgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P8054.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WH7hfi-32ec/XL_K3dbtbuI/AAAAAAAAWVc/OqfftY9c_WU51nE5RJHQjXuNofL6LyLfgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P8054.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Asian Openbills</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CukR-YRXqd0/XL_g598GRFI/AAAAAAAAWZk/iyhiquMAHyQqHvCV6OUGEffcqEnxhH2gwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1834.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CukR-YRXqd0/XL_g598GRFI/AAAAAAAAWZk/iyhiquMAHyQqHvCV6OUGEffcqEnxhH2gwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1834.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Yellow-bellied Prinia</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N6RIyx8e3tk/XL_LXjhv0tI/AAAAAAAAWV0/lxtLMuhggoMz2Bczf9PdhRKRzRoSnjdywCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P8480-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N6RIyx8e3tk/XL_LXjhv0tI/AAAAAAAAWV0/lxtLMuhggoMz2Bczf9PdhRKRzRoSnjdywCLcBGAs/s640/B97P8480-2.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brahminy Kite (above) with a Black Kite</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-__czVdTJ9Fg/XMAZ8n6GIgI/AAAAAAAAWaQ/sLf5LptMxawjq-2rSpRXCF8SYqTdR3goACLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DC08100E0049.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-__czVdTJ9Fg/XMAZ8n6GIgI/AAAAAAAAWaQ/sLf5LptMxawjq-2rSpRXCF8SYqTdR3goACLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DC08100E0049.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Crested Serpent Eagle</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Migrants include Indian Cuckoos, Brown
Shrikes and Asian Paradise Flycatchers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l_h3yiqtTJo/XL_L8KzP00I/AAAAAAAAWV8/ggRoVwqdkNcQ_2M9p7slGX3X_ujKytDwACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3950.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l_h3yiqtTJo/XL_L8KzP00I/AAAAAAAAWV8/ggRoVwqdkNcQ_2M9p7slGX3X_ujKytDwACLcBGAs/s640/B97P3950.jpg" width="426" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brown Shrike</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LVn2CRN9JSw/XL_MAoy3pOI/AAAAAAAAWWA/iRqsDx-TnlsfUMXOt5ugFcgclLuuuEToACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1264.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LVn2CRN9JSw/XL_MAoy3pOI/AAAAAAAAWWA/iRqsDx-TnlsfUMXOt5ugFcgclLuuuEToACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1264.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Indian Cuckoo</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have recorded three species of owls
over the years; Barn Owls, Buffy Fish Owls and Spotted Wood owls. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-K6tPfOvoUhY/XL_MNp_u4iI/AAAAAAAAWWI/fpfkfU-rw6w3otjyGD88K_U4ZfNsMVkAACLcBGAs/s1600/62.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1304" data-original-width="869" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-K6tPfOvoUhY/XL_MNp_u4iI/AAAAAAAAWWI/fpfkfU-rw6w3otjyGD88K_U4ZfNsMVkAACLcBGAs/s640/62.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Barn Owl</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yWQXXI_YXNE/XMAOXY2hG7I/AAAAAAAAWZ4/1XAr1u_dzyUGNa-U2vFqGrzg-EZkjdMSwCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_1509_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1522" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yWQXXI_YXNE/XMAOXY2hG7I/AAAAAAAAWZ4/1XAr1u_dzyUGNa-U2vFqGrzg-EZkjdMSwCLcBGAs/s640/DSC_1509_2.jpg" width="448" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Buffy Fish Owl</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_DQBfQnWk1g/XL_MXSbjXRI/AAAAAAAAWWQ/zNdPSLcQsB01K4-QUm6ukQPGLvoanS0TQCLcBGAs/s1600/Owl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_DQBfQnWk1g/XL_MXSbjXRI/AAAAAAAAWWQ/zNdPSLcQsB01K4-QUm6ukQPGLvoanS0TQCLcBGAs/s640/Owl.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spotted Wood Owl</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />This story is
about the pair of Spotted Wood Owls that have been seen for the last 5 breeding
seasons. This is the story of the 2019 season.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Below is the fact
sheet and world distribution of Spotted Wood Owls.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cn9jjUxAehI/XMKTS4y6HlI/AAAAAAAAWd4/eyJk0pmh9Bc7qpb-URc7F1dVUoGNenvpwCLcBGAs/s1600/Screenshot%2B2019-04-23%2Bat%2B2.58.50%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="961" height="416" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cn9jjUxAehI/XMKTS4y6HlI/AAAAAAAAWd4/eyJk0pmh9Bc7qpb-URc7F1dVUoGNenvpwCLcBGAs/s640/Screenshot%2B2019-04-23%2Bat%2B2.58.50%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8LW8sq38lLw/XL_Mkn0Eu3I/AAAAAAAAWWY/LuJjuMSEiBo1SvpPtZl4K6k_jbT2aUaqACLcBGAs/s1600/spotted_wood_owl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="520" height="590" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8LW8sq38lLw/XL_Mkn0Eu3I/AAAAAAAAWWY/LuJjuMSEiBo1SvpPtZl4K6k_jbT2aUaqACLcBGAs/s640/spotted_wood_owl.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Distribution of Spotted Wood Owls</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />In previous
seasons the pair of owls could be seen sitting high up in a large tree. I
wondered a number of times where their nest hole could be. Nobody else seemed
to know either. I made weekly trips to the forest early in 2019. I had seen a
potential hole that was well illuminated by the morning sun. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dxfFjPieGvI/XL_NFnXiqQI/AAAAAAAAWWg/7ZSk2VRke9Y8YqNgqN8bBE3PINjsvJ1-QCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1026.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dxfFjPieGvI/XL_NFnXiqQI/AAAAAAAAWWg/7ZSk2VRke9Y8YqNgqN8bBE3PINjsvJ1-QCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1026.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tree cavity</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">From a photographic perspective the potential nest hole (centre of the image below) was well illuminated in the early morning but with a limited window. I used 700mm of lens mounted on a sturdy tripod. The limited view gave little warning of potential action around the hole.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HYWpPeZs84M/XMAYhCgan0I/AAAAAAAAWaE/BHUQOAWIjO0lt_hQ4fByHUGdQWkT1rW3gCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02479-1620.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HYWpPeZs84M/XMAYhCgan0I/AAAAAAAAWaE/BHUQOAWIjO0lt_hQ4fByHUGdQWkT1rW3gCLcBGAs/s640/DSC02479-1620.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On one visit in
March I saw a large bird at the hole looking agitated. I initially
thought it was a Crested Serpent Eagle until it was identified as a spotted wood
owl. I saw the reason for its agitation....it was trying to shift a large
Clouded Monitor Lizard from its nest cavity. As soon as the lizard exposed
itself it was repeatedly attacked by the owls in a coordinated manner. I
assumed the lizard was raiding the owls eggs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vRvzvarftEE/XL_NdSAf3sI/AAAAAAAAWWs/zjj0myfNWJk4VEDJjMltkfXINvJwr02YwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1023-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vRvzvarftEE/XL_NdSAf3sI/AAAAAAAAWWs/zjj0myfNWJk4VEDJjMltkfXINvJwr02YwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1023-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The following three images showing a strafing attack consist of one sequence at 1/10 second intervals. My shooting window through the tree cover was not very large. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VODxYuoYYvM/XL_N9InqcQI/AAAAAAAAWW4/6Rox-gmbfIAykLx339APkqJcvmaSsvwTACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1038-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1600" height="600" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VODxYuoYYvM/XL_N9InqcQI/AAAAAAAAWW4/6Rox-gmbfIAykLx339APkqJcvmaSsvwTACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1038-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sz8PucUqrZg/XL_OCZMXt_I/AAAAAAAAWW8/ayw24FLKlQojTJCLrAz37mZLhmQztvqbQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1039.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1100" data-original-width="1600" height="438" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sz8PucUqrZg/XL_OCZMXt_I/AAAAAAAAWW8/ayw24FLKlQojTJCLrAz37mZLhmQztvqbQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1039.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JferTbgPEFI/XL_OEO0ePTI/AAAAAAAAWXA/O0-UOZ8d7WsdBV16fcma3AIAelSX3u0WACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1040.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JferTbgPEFI/XL_OEO0ePTI/AAAAAAAAWXA/O0-UOZ8d7WsdBV16fcma3AIAelSX3u0WACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1040.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The culprit is now clearly seen.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b94JA3EozI4/XL_OLOWoKTI/AAAAAAAAWXE/Bfs5UYiyWvMRxAEDf4x574dXMF79THK-gCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1129-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b94JA3EozI4/XL_OLOWoKTI/AAAAAAAAWXE/Bfs5UYiyWvMRxAEDf4x574dXMF79THK-gCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1129-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A second flyby.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l8OV9cXlRLw/XL_Y1uVwfSI/AAAAAAAAWYU/S9cVKKKZczQm52YWtLZz_cQ8obB--k2hACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1046%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l8OV9cXlRLw/XL_Y1uVwfSI/AAAAAAAAWYU/S9cVKKKZczQm52YWtLZz_cQ8obB--k2hACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1046%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_xXU4aUbvYA/XL_Y5cBQguI/AAAAAAAAWYY/EyAH3A357HgjT3n_i1p7JbagJs5sFZ5kACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1047%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_xXU4aUbvYA/XL_Y5cBQguI/AAAAAAAAWYY/EyAH3A357HgjT3n_i1p7JbagJs5sFZ5kACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1047%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The main mission
of my next visit the following week was to see if the owls had recovered from the robbery and had
resumed normal nesting activities. For the next three weekly visits the female owl was present
in the nest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GtZmORiX82s/XL_RZLg9fRI/AAAAAAAAWXc/pJ9FNj8_-MYr7D8DFUv9wH9As6Mn70geQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4385.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GtZmORiX82s/XL_RZLg9fRI/AAAAAAAAWXc/pJ9FNj8_-MYr7D8DFUv9wH9As6Mn70geQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4385.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3-nI2PkRUb4/XL_RMo50enI/AAAAAAAAWXY/RmsQaCkHb6ASu9GnF5oUTB3RcFRNZs6UACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1269.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1571" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3-nI2PkRUb4/XL_RMo50enI/AAAAAAAAWXY/RmsQaCkHb6ASu9GnF5oUTB3RcFRNZs6UACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1269.jpg" width="628" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">On the next visit the female was not in the nest but I located her in the tree above the nesting cavity. I was hoping to get a shot of her arriving at the nest.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Over 30 days
had elapsed since the previous lizard raid.....just enough time for chicks to emerge if
eggs were laid soon after the attack. I was a bit surprised after half an hour
to see the lizard tail emerge again from the cavity which immediately activated
both owls to attack. The attacks were well coordinated, and the lizard was
driven off. I thought I could see another tail tip still protruding from the
cavity, indicating that there was two raiders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Q1OZ407IeUI/XL_Sj_WU9jI/AAAAAAAAWXs/rD__4sSk-zYV745sLa3uyWrpahDGYRO3QCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2094-spec-2000-sq.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1365" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Q1OZ407IeUI/XL_Sj_WU9jI/AAAAAAAAWXs/rD__4sSk-zYV745sLa3uyWrpahDGYRO3QCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2094-spec-2000-sq.jpg" width="546" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The initial attack</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aIFsDat-wWA/XL_TBcLn9PI/AAAAAAAAWX0/g7sBCFhkjQ8o6yAUQJsV96fw--VPx6oUgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMAGE%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="1400" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aIFsDat-wWA/XL_TBcLn9PI/AAAAAAAAWX0/g7sBCFhkjQ8o6yAUQJsV96fw--VPx6oUgCLcBGAs/s640/IMAGE%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A double Owl attack</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tE_Wg8ETymw/XL_W58yqFAI/AAAAAAAAWYA/gX32upG5DQUPdynHrU6F-C0DE2EQgay-QCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1247" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tE_Wg8ETymw/XL_W58yqFAI/AAAAAAAAWYA/gX32upG5DQUPdynHrU6F-C0DE2EQgay-QCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2123.jpg" width="498" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The lizard decides to leave</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U40NUjEF3QQ/XL_XHYKvrRI/AAAAAAAAWYE/HoFZsV0NsLkTAQMb1D0wZWR6Llm1JeSXgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2119-1400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="1400" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U40NUjEF3QQ/XL_XHYKvrRI/AAAAAAAAWYE/HoFZsV0NsLkTAQMb1D0wZWR6Llm1JeSXgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2119-1400.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">....and exposes itself to another attack</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Monitor
Lizards are large lizards in the genus Varanus. They are native to Africa, Asia
and Oceania, but are also found in the Americas as an invasive species. A total
of 79 species are currently recognized, the Komodo Dragon being the largest. Monitor lizards have long necks,
powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. They are seen wrestling in disputes over food, females or territory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VwAO4fntfr8/XL_Ze9dTV4I/AAAAAAAAWYk/aobuFnRzIWUFGyu0udAfcgxHwratS1NDwCLcBGAs/s1600/Monitor%2Bclose%2B28-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VwAO4fntfr8/XL_Ze9dTV4I/AAAAAAAAWYk/aobuFnRzIWUFGyu0udAfcgxHwratS1NDwCLcBGAs/s640/Monitor%2Bclose%2B28-3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Malaysian Water Monitor</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pw-3BETay5Q/XL_ZpWdvb2I/AAAAAAAAWYo/7Ps9gZkbji8dPNum4guepASrvRX2xfw1ACLcBGAs/s1600/Selung_4075.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="620" data-original-width="1600" height="248" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pw-3BETay5Q/XL_ZpWdvb2I/AAAAAAAAWYo/7Ps9gZkbji8dPNum4guepASrvRX2xfw1ACLcBGAs/s640/Selung_4075.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Malaysian Water Monitor</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u9SZk3tj9AA/XL_ZxjSb5iI/AAAAAAAAWYs/5h-MVbrjjX0sIcM7T2gg296RvWdBk1OcQCLcBGAs/s1600/Screenshot%2B2018-11-21%2Bat%2B6.47.22%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1092" data-original-width="1498" height="466" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u9SZk3tj9AA/XL_ZxjSb5iI/AAAAAAAAWYs/5h-MVbrjjX0sIcM7T2gg296RvWdBk1OcQCLcBGAs/s640/Screenshot%2B2018-11-21%2Bat%2B6.47.22%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Wrestling bouts are not uncommon</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mPUavClJ6O4/XL_Z0JmMwZI/AAAAAAAAWYw/iL2-9H6bZkMzuE2DaGN-KyIGhKu0rT_ZwCLcBGAs/s1600/Malayan%2BWater%2BMonitor%2BB%2B20-08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mPUavClJ6O4/XL_Z0JmMwZI/AAAAAAAAWYw/iL2-9H6bZkMzuE2DaGN-KyIGhKu0rT_ZwCLcBGAs/s640/Malayan%2BWater%2BMonitor%2BB%2B20-08.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clouded Monitor lizards are adept at climbing trees</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are two
species of monitor lizards commonly seen in Malaysia.....Water Monitors and
Clouded Monitors. The former, as their name suggests is seen in rivers and in
and around seasides. Clouded Monitors are good tree climbers and generally slightly smaller than their aquatic cousins. The nostrils of the water Monitors are located slightly closer to the snout. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A week later there
was no owl on the nest, but I located the female further up the tree. She made
no attempt to return to the cavity. I then noticed something further down the tree
that indicated how the lizards located the owl nest even when recognising they sense with a forked tongue. Two lizards were in and around another cavity. Thus the pair of Clouded
Monitors had a ‘home-base’ in the same tree as the owl nest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ry0GeC64GpI/XL_fs_7xd3I/AAAAAAAAWZU/8LiJLFeNHe4L69dAvLl4fqdxpRADws6KgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3066.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1060" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ry0GeC64GpI/XL_fs_7xd3I/AAAAAAAAWZU/8LiJLFeNHe4L69dAvLl4fqdxpRADws6KgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3066.jpg" width="424" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A week later there was one lizard seen initially in the hole and later was observed sunning itself on the side of the tree.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jHER-gmeIDY/XL_e5mPUKGI/AAAAAAAAWZE/FjLSG4a0KKc4bwWkLsXbRPD0TK0neNMBACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4231.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jHER-gmeIDY/XL_e5mPUKGI/AAAAAAAAWZE/FjLSG4a0KKc4bwWkLsXbRPD0TK0neNMBACLcBGAs/s640/B97P4231.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5NdCS5h8HPI/XL_e-eANxmI/AAAAAAAAWZI/3bL9F7TBCncCx_knwu9DxehphbUhcbdigCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4258.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5NdCS5h8HPI/XL_e-eANxmI/AAAAAAAAWZI/3bL9F7TBCncCx_knwu9DxehphbUhcbdigCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4258.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RInz9jSnbCo/XL_gILiMx4I/AAAAAAAAWZc/3pcT2lfq8EgYoJO9xYjhhAPrQERiOpx7wCLcBGAs/s1600/Nest%2Bholes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="1600" height="420" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RInz9jSnbCo/XL_gILiMx4I/AAAAAAAAWZc/3pcT2lfq8EgYoJO9xYjhhAPrQERiOpx7wCLcBGAs/s640/Nest%2Bholes.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The respective locations of the two nest cavities; Red arrow = owl nest, yellow arrow = monitor home.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A week later
there were no sign of the owls or lizards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My summation of
the whole event was that the owls started nesting normally but chose an ‘apartment’
in the wrong ‘high-rise building’. The owls were not going to have the same
scenario again so moved somewhere else. It is a pity because we may not see
them back in the same location again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br /></div>
Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-49161564674140613132019-03-08T01:41:00.000-08:002019-03-08T01:41:17.849-08:00What are the odds<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Natural history photographers strive for
that cutting-edge image that is unique and shows a phenomenon from the natural
world most of us never see. Such an image sets that brief moment in time ... forever. To get such a unique image many elements have to come together at the same time. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">I want to
illustrate how difficult this image consolidation is. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">I will use two images, interestingly taken about 50
metres but several years apart. One of the things I look for when walking and
observing is potential nesting holes and clear perches. If these become active the chances of
getting a good action shot increases but it must be remembered the welfare of
the bird is always paramount and they should never be put at risk.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the first
image it is the time of the year when cavity-nesters looks for a suitable tree
hole to raise a family, their principle mission in life. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>The players in Image 1</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-K9Nz_61tes0/XHTK_LDnc7I/AAAAAAAAU0s/BgwbQegLnrAhKNMNoCSg4Am3tgjxAsRzACLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE0509142657.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-K9Nz_61tes0/XHTK_LDnc7I/AAAAAAAAU0s/BgwbQegLnrAhKNMNoCSg4Am3tgjxAsRzACLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE0509142657.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Laced Woodpecker</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f2Ef-jaaPV0/XHTMPeP46BI/AAAAAAAAU00/HfSuX-kYiJodUfWR05zgXJmjjNNrGEMgwCLcBGAs/s1600/e75b9daf225f9cffe5888ac787bbdf78.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1500" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f2Ef-jaaPV0/XHTMPeP46BI/AAAAAAAAU00/HfSuX-kYiJodUfWR05zgXJmjjNNrGEMgwCLcBGAs/s640/e75b9daf225f9cffe5888ac787bbdf78.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lineated Barbet</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I had noted several
cavities at Air Hitam Dalam, a conserved nature park on mainland Penang and usually check them when I am
there. On this occasion two different species, both cavity nesters, a Lineated
Barbet and a Laced Woodpecker arrived at the same hole to check it as a
potential nursery. What were the odds of capturing this moment?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">IMAGE 1</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D_ZGitZAnN0/XHSq3KWCMzI/AAAAAAAAUzk/WVkkISr4dcAE--_m9WQYZafk5bhAboBvQCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DF0205110657.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D_ZGitZAnN0/XHSq3KWCMzI/AAAAAAAAUzk/WVkkISr4dcAE--_m9WQYZafk5bhAboBvQCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DF0205110657.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The precise moment when two searches for accommodation coincide.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For the second
image I had noted a cavity that faced the morning sun and could be easily seen
from the track on the nearby bund. I had walked past it 20 times at least and
checked it with binoculars and had seen no action. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dom90XsIDFQ/XHSrfq20YXI/AAAAAAAAUzs/IhFRJ0ckwzEAFWKtb9APi0647FMOo8D8gCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1026.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dom90XsIDFQ/XHSrfq20YXI/AAAAAAAAUzs/IhFRJ0ckwzEAFWKtb9APi0647FMOo8D8gCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1026.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In mid to late February 2019 my persistence paid off.
What is seen in the next image is a nest cavity claimed by a pair of Spotted Wood Owls. A Monitor
lizard has invaded and is possibly raiding the owls eggs when the distraught parents
(both took turns) are trying to dislodge the reptile. The owl has not landed
but the instant is shown where the outstretched talons hit the lizard.</span></div>
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<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The Second Image</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5uHaYxt8lWs/XHSrwPYbPJI/AAAAAAAAUz0/r4kBO9LSzk0__r-g9PCj3lotLMzHLQk0wCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1038-2000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1501" data-original-width="1600" height="600" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5uHaYxt8lWs/XHSrwPYbPJI/AAAAAAAAUz0/r4kBO9LSzk0__r-g9PCj3lotLMzHLQk0wCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1038-2000.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">An adult Spotted Wood Owl attacks the monitor lizard that is robbing its nest</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b>The next two images are taken 1/10 and 2/10s of a second, respectively after the image above. This illustrates the short time window to is needed to capture a moment.</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_PJemx7qxsQ/XHdt0qKpqQI/AAAAAAAAU6Q/ECEVMO_zkZkRRXKkec8KjIjfL6jB7v80wCEwYBhgL/s1600/B97P1039.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1100" data-original-width="1600" height="438" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_PJemx7qxsQ/XHdt0qKpqQI/AAAAAAAAU6Q/ECEVMO_zkZkRRXKkec8KjIjfL6jB7v80wCEwYBhgL/s640/B97P1039.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BC1TOV3fQRQ/XHdt5L5uFCI/AAAAAAAAU6Q/zZneEsIbyBYUPIRe9_zLfee9gYyzqTHmgCEwYBhgL/s1600/B97P1040.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BC1TOV3fQRQ/XHdt5L5uFCI/AAAAAAAAU6Q/zZneEsIbyBYUPIRe9_zLfee9gYyzqTHmgCEwYBhgL/s640/B97P1040.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: x-large; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: x-large; text-align: center;">
<b> Spotted Wood Owls</b></div>
</span><br />
<div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Spotted Wood-owls
(<i>Strix seloputo</i>) belong to the genus
<i>Strix</i> that includes relatively large owls which frequent forested habitats. There
are three sub-species.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This species is 45-47cm in height with the male weighing just over 1 kilo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The adult has
brown upper parts with reddish-brown lower back. Head and upper neck are darker,
almost black. Numerous lack-edged white spots cover the dorsal area, extending
to the fore-crown. The upper wing-coverts are brown barred white, whereas
scapulars are white with dark brown stripes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On the
under-parts, the chin is buff. The throat is white with brown-edged feathers.
Neck sides are barred white. The remaining underparts are white with
reddish-brown tinge on the breast, all heavily barred dark. On the head, the
ear-tufts are absent. The facial disk is plain rusty. The bill is
greenish-black. The eyes are dark brown. The tarsi are feathered white with
dark barring. The toes are grey. Both sexes are similar.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HzUDCZMEs5Q/XHdR0odgeYI/AAAAAAAAU5c/GtVqwpeapAUmnVXrgM3MK8jUKL-rRH_QQCEwYBhgL/s1600/chouette-pagodes-iw5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HzUDCZMEs5Q/XHdR0odgeYI/AAAAAAAAU5c/GtVqwpeapAUmnVXrgM3MK8jUKL-rRH_QQCEwYBhgL/s640/chouette-pagodes-iw5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Spotted
Wood-owl frequents the edges of evergreen forests and logged forests,
plantations, wooded parks, orchards and open forest. It can be seen in
rice-fields, cultivated areas and sometimes mangroves and open deforested
areas. The species occur below 800 metres, but sometimes up to 1000 metres of
elevation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The species
feeds mainly on small rodents, small birds and large insects. It may
occasionally catch snakes and bats. It usually hunts from a perch, 2-3 metres
above the ground. It uses the most basic hunting style ‘sit-and-wait’. Once the
prey is detected, it drops or glides from the perch and attacks the prey on the
ground. The prey is killed with talons and a bite to the back of the skull.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The breeding season
takes place between January and June in the Malay Peninsular. Young fledglings
are visible from March to August. The Spotted Wood-owl nests in tree-hollows
between 2 and 18 metres above the ground. The female lays two white eggs,
directly on the floor of the nest without any lining.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PadqhpZ3WX8/XHdTe9IqzLI/AAAAAAAAU5s/PEzrH9XVy1YnTO9Gp922f3oJqGk3Nh0vQCLcBGAs/s1600/spotted_wood_owl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="520" height="590" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PadqhpZ3WX8/XHdTe9IqzLI/AAAAAAAAU5s/PEzrH9XVy1YnTO9Gp922f3oJqGk3Nh0vQCLcBGAs/s640/spotted_wood_owl.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The distribution of Spotted Wood Owls</span></td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b>Monitor Lizards</b></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Monitor Lizards
(<i>Varinidae</i>)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are large,
muscular predators with strong jaws, sharp teeth and a long, forked tongue,
which they use to taste the air when searching for prey. Many swim well, and
nearly all can climb trees. Worldwide there are currently 79 species, which
includes the Komodo Dragon, the largest lizard in the world. There are many
monitors in the adjacent Sungai Jarak River which is adjacent to Air Hitam Dalam..</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BkilU-4gE0M/XHdRomdM0gI/AAAAAAAAU5Q/rd2Yq-3i5P0yr1zsMf1mTJB8o7YNG_eNQCLcBGAs/s1600/Monitor%2Bclose%2B28-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BkilU-4gE0M/XHdRomdM0gI/AAAAAAAAU5Q/rd2Yq-3i5P0yr1zsMf1mTJB8o7YNG_eNQCLcBGAs/s640/Monitor%2Bclose%2B28-3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b><span style="font-size: large;">Features of the featured images</span></b></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Both of the featured images possibly had odds of thousands to 1 to align all the elements together<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have divided the required factors into four
sub-sections illustrating what I believe is required to get a good action or behavioural image. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">It is summarised
by I.L.E.T... which are; Image, Light, Equipment, and Timing.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>A. IMAGE</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1. Sharp.....the
essential elements should be in focus (correct speed, aperture and focusing)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. Good
light....the image must be lit well<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3. Good
composition...no cut-off appendages and a good flow to the image.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4. No
distractions (no clutter around the main subject, holes in the background or
too many objects not in focus)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5. The main
subject needs to be doing something (showing behaviour)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6. The picture
should tell a story</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>B. LIGHT</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A good image
must be lit in the best possible way with strong lighting allowing for high speeds that are necessary to freeze action. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sun from in front and at a low angle<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. Clear view of
subject without branches etc in the way<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3. Background
should be non-distracting. Blue sky is very good, white clouds are awful.
Vegetation in the background should be well out of focus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>C, EQUIPMENT</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1. A 600-800mm
lens is essential....to shoot through holes in the foliage (the owls nest cavity is in the middle of the picture below taken with a 50mm lens). There are restricted positions that give a good view of the cavity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ngssnLv18RU/XHS-vUN2NII/AAAAAAAAU0g/RzlxAO_y0tAmPzuumPThhm2opZrXBrjmwCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02479-1620.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ngssnLv18RU/XHS-vUN2NII/AAAAAAAAU0g/RzlxAO_y0tAmPzuumPThhm2opZrXBrjmwCLcBGAs/s640/DSC02479-1620.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. With a heavy
lens a sturdy tripod is also needed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3. The camera should
allow speeds set at least to ISO 2000. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4. Action shots
require speeds of at least 1/3200<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5. Aperture
should be set around f8 to give sufficient depth of field without compromising
speed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6. Rapid
shooting should reliably give 10-15 frames a second because some action is over in less than a second</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>TIMING</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is the
magic component where you, being prepared, and your subject, about to do
something interesting, intersect in time and space. This can be quite serendipitous.
You can minimize serendipity if you know something is going to happen at a
certain place and wait there......like Wildebeest crossing the Mara River,
where you may wait weeks but they only cross at certain points. The BBC staked
out all the known crossings to get good video recordings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In neither of
the featured images did I know anything would happen at the particular time and
I wasn’t prepared to wait for weeks so each relied on 'prepared serendipity'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the Barbet/Woodpecker image the two birds were only in the same alignment for 1/10<sup>th</sup>
second....the surrounding foliage and branches could not be eliminated entirely <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as there was only a narrow exposure window.
The chances of these two exploring the same crevice at the precise same time when
everything else was in place ( ie. the prepared photographer and the sun position) are likely to be thousands to one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the
Owl/lizard image. I had never seen any action around this hole but I was ready
to shoot within a split second of getting a clear sight. I first saw what I
thought was a Crested Serpent Eagle near the hole......it was in fact a Spotted Wood
Owl, which I had not seen so far in 2019. Initially the owl obscured the hole
and the monitor lizard. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I fired two rapid shots (lasting 2/10<sup>th</sup> second in total) and
the owl was gone. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9bn9d2043Pg/XHdSobOpmYI/AAAAAAAAU5g/PTohfgikzRYFiRpnk77fHjPcEXJ-4i4TACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1022.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9bn9d2043Pg/XHdSobOpmYI/AAAAAAAAU5g/PTohfgikzRYFiRpnk77fHjPcEXJ-4i4TACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1022.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NhL-lxnNhLk/XHStG8leJaI/AAAAAAAAU0A/cAK3vYXVvBUCa44lUe50jmgSrxOldYdmACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1023-1620.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NhL-lxnNhLk/XHStG8leJaI/AAAAAAAAU0A/cAK3vYXVvBUCa44lUe50jmgSrxOldYdmACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1023-1620.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I then saw movement in the crevice and identified it as a
monitor lizard. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ut9GwjeiVPQ/XHS-QRiLspI/AAAAAAAAU0Y/7c9hhR96YM4EM-S0_CNpWrjxss2BNC7cgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1129-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ut9GwjeiVPQ/XHS-QRiLspI/AAAAAAAAU0Y/7c9hhR96YM4EM-S0_CNpWrjxss2BNC7cgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1129-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Both owls were quietly upset with the situation and as soon as
the lizard protruded from the hole one of them would come in on a strafing
attack. They did not land but hit the lizard with their talons. In most of the
attacks the owl flew wide of the enemy...but in all of the 4 attacks my window
of action lasted only 3/10ths of second. The contact with the lizard that is
shown would have lasted perhaps 1/50<sup>th </sup> to 1/100th of a second .....and only
happened once until the sun was overhead and cast an unworkable shadow of the
tree trunk. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another pass with no contact</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qlgTTOiDB0U/XHdtSot88nI/AAAAAAAAU54/_Uk6NFpth-MfOvR1_PaD9Px5FIZQrtqaQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1046%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qlgTTOiDB0U/XHdtSot88nI/AAAAAAAAU54/_Uk6NFpth-MfOvR1_PaD9Px5FIZQrtqaQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1046%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dKgcJG-CUc4/XHdtVTfx3MI/AAAAAAAAU58/9p7jVzn8SSIocM_bbLz8Jp5sKq7QfQ6_gCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1047%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dKgcJG-CUc4/XHdtVTfx3MI/AAAAAAAAU58/9p7jVzn8SSIocM_bbLz8Jp5sKq7QfQ6_gCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1047%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another fly-past with no contact</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-plbxsNQAhKs/XHStw5THKDI/AAAAAAAAU0I/FK1ZeeNSjxYOUOBIEgx7ZBr8Zw6aWB-IQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1048.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1355" data-original-width="1600" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-plbxsNQAhKs/XHStw5THKDI/AAAAAAAAU0I/FK1ZeeNSjxYOUOBIEgx7ZBr8Zw6aWB-IQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1048.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The owls were
not present in 2018 and I had seen them for three seasons before that but
nobody I knew had seen where they nested......so everything was unexpected.
They pair usually roosted in an adjacent tree and they are only there for
around 3-4 months.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The odds of
capturing an image of a Spotted Wood Owl attacking a large monitor lizard with armed talons
would be at odds of thousands to one. The photographer has to
have the equipment, fieldcraft and the luck for these elements to coincide in an image.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d25PzYkAVZw/XHTW1BskoFI/AAAAAAAAU1k/N-IWvq0-TwAF0VevOF_r0lMmUwTRBiWOACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1038-chop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1439" data-original-width="1600" height="574" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d25PzYkAVZw/XHTW1BskoFI/AAAAAAAAU1k/N-IWvq0-TwAF0VevOF_r0lMmUwTRBiWOACLcBGAs/s640/B97P1038-chop.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Close-up of the moment of impact</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The point that I
am making is that a good natural history image has a number of components to
consider and a major consideration should be assessing the rarity value..... what are the odds that </b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b>enabled</b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> this image to be acquired? Books are filled with images of
perching birds or resting animals...the key to add impact is to catch them doing something
interesting that the eye cannot perceive.</b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></b></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">WHEN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF WILDLIFE IMAGES TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE CHANCES OF GETTING SUCH AN IMAGE</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-84083488727410787162019-02-08T03:09:00.000-08:002019-02-08T03:09:01.293-08:00The degradation of nature photography sites in Penang<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When I came
to Penang 7 plus years ago I was given 5 GPS locations of recommended nature
photographic sites. They were at Juru, Batu Kawan, Penanti motocross track,
Byram and Air Hitam Danum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A number of
my nature photography colleagues are interested in recording as many species as
possible. I do this too but my prime interest is in the behaviour of a species, recording action and if possible I spend longer periods with one species.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I dismissed Juru and Batu Kawan fairly quickly. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
went to Juru once and have not returned as there was little material there. I
think I ended up photographing mudskippers. I went to Batu Kawan three times in 2012 and
have not been back. There were some interesting species, including the elusive
Black-capped Kingfisher but already locals from nearby houses were netting fish
in the shallow lagoons in direct competition with Kingfishers.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F_5za8wachY/XFeUzyoLFqI/AAAAAAAAUMA/Kqjbek4Mp9UNhBkGuojkjC2lBTrlyRRawCLcBGAs/s1600/Mudskipper%2Bimpasse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="920" data-original-width="1600" height="368" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F_5za8wachY/XFeUzyoLFqI/AAAAAAAAUMA/Kqjbek4Mp9UNhBkGuojkjC2lBTrlyRRawCLcBGAs/s640/Mudskipper%2Bimpasse.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>In the following headings I will show what was recorded at the location at the start of my association and what it looks like now, in the second part of the description.</b></span><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b>
<br />
<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>Air Hitam Dalam (AHD)</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sjnISRNen4I/XFQc-GXa5nI/AAAAAAAAUEY/RznWwOJz7MwIy8ExnoE2XClTxrai7EZyQCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE041C0F3730x-sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1304" data-original-width="869" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sjnISRNen4I/XFQc-GXa5nI/AAAAAAAAUEY/RznWwOJz7MwIy8ExnoE2XClTxrai7EZyQCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE041C0F3730x-sm.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Barn Owl</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XraQoJSiChQ/XFQ1uRasf0I/AAAAAAAAUG0/f4ZFDfkN9WoPXfDnulCMGR1GQHvRGZkSACEwYBhgL/s1600/Buffy%2B1100.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1109" data-original-width="739" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XraQoJSiChQ/XFQ1uRasf0I/AAAAAAAAUG0/f4ZFDfkN9WoPXfDnulCMGR1GQHvRGZkSACEwYBhgL/s640/Buffy%2B1100.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Buffy Fish Owl</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-y_FXPZQn5ds/XFRNTcQMXeI/AAAAAAAAUIY/PfqdRG9Qs7Y6Ig4xBDZ61M72ECjmrM64wCLcBGAs/s1600/Spotted_Wood_Owl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="746" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-y_FXPZQn5ds/XFRNTcQMXeI/AAAAAAAAUIY/PfqdRG9Qs7Y6Ig4xBDZ61M72ECjmrM64wCLcBGAs/s640/Spotted_Wood_Owl.jpg" width="476" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Spotted Wood Owl</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uP6jPPK7EFQ/XFQ05sqoTUI/AAAAAAAAUGU/viRwOEGhi28ulpdt-CyTn2mK5X4nwZJZgCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DF0205101149.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1003" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uP6jPPK7EFQ/XFQ05sqoTUI/AAAAAAAAUGU/viRwOEGhi28ulpdt-CyTn2mK5X4nwZJZgCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DF0205101149.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plantain Squirrel with nesting material</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ih4LvnRxsQ/XFQ1KupvRTI/AAAAAAAAUGk/GTH5O2li8x8wWRbku55dJzkOR5o-5dXFQCLcBGAs/s1600/74.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_ih4LvnRxsQ/XFQ1KupvRTI/AAAAAAAAUGk/GTH5O2li8x8wWRbku55dJzkOR5o-5dXFQCLcBGAs/s640/74.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lesser Flameback Woodpecker (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KmMCU0epyO4/XFQ1KnuU8OI/AAAAAAAAUGc/dYHtZgOoKfkCwFrrfsn8zwNNJJrAwkkxgCLcBGAs/s1600/82.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KmMCU0epyO4/XFQ1KnuU8OI/AAAAAAAAUGc/dYHtZgOoKfkCwFrrfsn8zwNNJJrAwkkxgCLcBGAs/s640/82.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ruddy Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6g70jCSjuzw/XFQ1Kg-sSxI/AAAAAAAAUGg/FUId5IZbTkAh4pHV-EJR9bsYCnMjVSy4gCLcBGAs/s1600/76.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1173" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6g70jCSjuzw/XFQ1Kg-sSxI/AAAAAAAAUGg/FUId5IZbTkAh4pHV-EJR9bsYCnMjVSy4gCLcBGAs/s640/76.jpg" width="500" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mangrove Blue Flycatcher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KIf0sMLGvec/XF0bY2UFbYI/AAAAAAAAUSo/7jMwbUc2TdY9IzrWD0veXz7ytvmiv8FkACLcBGAs/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1071" data-original-width="1600" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KIf0sMLGvec/XF0bY2UFbYI/AAAAAAAAUSo/7jMwbUc2TdY9IzrWD0veXz7ytvmiv8FkACLcBGAs/s640/5.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9XFdlU29V2I/XFQ2a81IU2I/AAAAAAAAUG8/aOfu4OpYH4oSya-uZkN4Xn8wORoSoxnQgCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Yellow_rumped_Flycatcher_adult_male_breeding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9XFdlU29V2I/XFQ2a81IU2I/AAAAAAAAUG8/aOfu4OpYH4oSya-uZkN4Xn8wORoSoxnQgCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Yellow_rumped_Flycatcher_adult_male_breeding.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yellow-rumped Flycatcher (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hqvj-kxeW-M/XFQc-HxPEzI/AAAAAAAAUEQ/9DC2cYUb7KsfqA0Z73GtXWQ8ioKLHCHtgCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE061A100C28.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hqvj-kxeW-M/XFQc-HxPEzI/AAAAAAAAUEQ/9DC2cYUb7KsfqA0Z73GtXWQ8ioKLHCHtgCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE061A100C28.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blue-winged Pittas</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-avyBpwfupR4/XFbtJ59qrRI/AAAAAAAAULU/2MrkWn19DaUfxSn1Y2NPlGY9cAIpOz2PQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P8989%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-avyBpwfupR4/XFbtJ59qrRI/AAAAAAAAULU/2MrkWn19DaUfxSn1Y2NPlGY9cAIpOz2PQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P8989%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Black and Red Broadbill (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When I first arrived in Penang, AHD was being
refurbished and the elevated walkways and higher walkways were being restored.
The elevated walkway is necessary because the area on the non-riverside of the
bund is swampy. There are not a great number of trees present and unfortunately
in the last 18 months there has been several falls of major trees. One damaged
the elevated walkway, and another smashed the toilet facility at the forest
carpark. Both have been repaired and order restored. I would question the need
for the aerial suspended walkway. It had been closed for some time for
maintenance work and it appears to be used mainly by the monkeys. Generally,
although the reserve has looked like it was decaying several times it has been
repaired and is generally kept in good condition. There appeared to have been
some grandiose plans for AHD in recent years. It was muted that locals would
guide ‘tourists’ through the reserve for a fee. I must admit I have never seen many,
if any, local residents taking any interest in the various species found in the
reserve. There also appeared to be attempts to make it a paying proposition as
booths were built at the two entrances. This would also be an ill-informed plan
as there is not enough to warrant payment despite it being termed an 'Education Centre'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In essence it is a bit of a scruffy remnant
that fights above its weight. AHD is on a migration route and various birds
turn up as they travel north or south. There is a resident Barn Owl and for
several years there was regular visits by a pair of Spotted Wood Owls. There has
been both Mangrove Pittas and Blue-winged Pittas nesting in the vicinity. There
are regular raptors; Crested Serpent Eagles, Brahminy Kites and Black Kites and
the seasonal appearance of the Open-billed Storks. There are a number of Bulbul
Species, Black-naped Orioles and the Mangrove Flycatchers. Coucals and
Green-billed Malkohas are relatively common. As well as Collared Kingfishers,
White-throated Kingfishers and some Stork-billed Kingfishers there have been yearly
visits of Ruddy Kingfishers. There are occasional visits by Oriental Dwarf
Kingfishers. Indian Cuckoos appear at the beginning of the year and in 2018
there was a flurry of photographers seeking Violet Cuckoos. You can hear
Coppersmith Barbets and Lineated barbets as well Common Flameback and Streak-breasted woodpeckers. </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Intermittent visits by Asian Paradise
Flycatchers and Black and Red Broadbills have been noted.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There is a number of Long-tailed Macaques in
the reserve as well as a small number of Dusky Langurs and Silvered Langurs. It
would be interesting to know how this band of primates arrived at this location
as they now appear to be isolated. They have been seen to be interbreeding and
hybrids can be seen.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JvdbyPwFlBM/XFfNBr3RUqI/AAAAAAAAUM0/N0nq_sN1ICsAVTqm2AmSxk30fRBtb17pQCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE0203100959.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JvdbyPwFlBM/XFfNBr3RUqI/AAAAAAAAUM0/N0nq_sN1ICsAVTqm2AmSxk30fRBtb17pQCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE0203100959.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">From my
perspective AHD has been worth visiting once or twice during a month. I have
got some good record shots but not a lot of action. It is a nice place to spend
a morning from sunrise to around 10.30am as the sun rises across the Sungai Tengah river.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9t19nOfPiY0/XFQimcPX1II/AAAAAAAAUF4/K2847SCRwA4i8fgTHDNukO6fKEBghoKVACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC01914-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1600" height="416" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9t19nOfPiY0/XFQimcPX1II/AAAAAAAAUF4/K2847SCRwA4i8fgTHDNukO6fKEBghoKVACLcBGAs/s640/DSC01914-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The toilet was destroyed by a fallen tree....a new toilet has now been erected...further away from the trees.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zkHK0rHmgwE/XFQ0iLlSoiI/AAAAAAAAUGM/2nHExlB0lLMJaPzA2ztiMvQDbGfO9D7cgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC01224-1800.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zkHK0rHmgwE/XFQ0iLlSoiI/AAAAAAAAUGM/2nHExlB0lLMJaPzA2ztiMvQDbGfO9D7cgCLcBGAs/s640/DSC01224-1800.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A large Fig tree fell and destroyed part of the walkway in 2016</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-us7eRk3OxiA/XFQi8dtNeiI/AAAAAAAAUGA/kWOmZm1z_isn9VWcnV0vdEPV7uiD97z5ACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC01907-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-us7eRk3OxiA/XFQi8dtNeiI/AAAAAAAAUGA/kWOmZm1z_isn9VWcnV0vdEPV7uiD97z5ACLcBGAs/s640/DSC01907-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Repaired walkway</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Current status;</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Despite set-backs holding on and well maintained although some issues</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Byram</span></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RkDJ3nliqo8/XFZbJnTZxqI/AAAAAAAAUJE/yquPMt_DfBMwHx106SidZG6ZgNDTqSDGQCLcBGAs/s1600/Screenshot%2B2019-02-03%2Bat%2B11.06.05%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RkDJ3nliqo8/XFZbJnTZxqI/AAAAAAAAUJE/yquPMt_DfBMwHx106SidZG6ZgNDTqSDGQCLcBGAs/s640/Screenshot%2B2019-02-03%2Bat%2B11.06.05%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The diagram above is a general view of the rubbish dump at Byram and where the best locations for nature photograph occurred Represented by the purple and red dot and pink line). Along the purple line the following images were taken before the fence and path were erected around the oxidation ponds. Image possibility along the purple line is severely compromised currently and is like to cease soon. The pink line and red dot represent good locations for kingfishers and otters and are not immediately compromised by the fence or the current dump extension. The canal has been blocked where indicated and the water is now stagnant in the vicinity.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oyaa4Z6DLzk/XFQX-EFYcVI/AAAAAAAAUCs/owHGZQ_pjpgmk1L0YS02tIKceykseXXJgCLcBGAs/s1600/Z2%2B1-1-0-0%2BCrow%2Bmobbing%2Ban%2Beagle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1001" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oyaa4Z6DLzk/XFQX-EFYcVI/AAAAAAAAUCs/owHGZQ_pjpgmk1L0YS02tIKceykseXXJgCLcBGAs/s640/Z2%2B1-1-0-0%2BCrow%2Bmobbing%2Ban%2Beagle.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">House Crow mobbing a Crested Serpent Eagle</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RULhUIq07xg/XFQbGy3fsoI/AAAAAAAAUDs/uBYqJTVZ61Qycg5q3pHa3b3WxQzLpkW9gCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_Penang_Black_winged_Stilt_adult-1500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="999" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RULhUIq07xg/XFQbGy3fsoI/AAAAAAAAUDs/uBYqJTVZ61Qycg5q3pHa3b3WxQzLpkW9gCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_Penang_Black_winged_Stilt_adult-1500.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pied Stilt</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mG9rBPZcJQw/XFQbPhGdNHI/AAAAAAAAUDw/BbR9boEdM9YWyS9abLZbrjb-Jp0-zKstwCLcBGAs/s1600/Wood%2Bsandpiper%2Blanding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1042" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mG9rBPZcJQw/XFQbPhGdNHI/AAAAAAAAUDw/BbR9boEdM9YWyS9abLZbrjb-Jp0-zKstwCLcBGAs/s640/Wood%2Bsandpiper%2Blanding.jpg" width="476" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Wood Sandpiper</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-O3p9aPm5mFY/XFQX9lAD5SI/AAAAAAAAUCk/I2A6r4YvvNsgPAwui-UV_oRxYMaLBaakQCLcBGAs/s1600/25-19-2-2%2Bs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1000" height="490" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-O3p9aPm5mFY/XFQX9lAD5SI/AAAAAAAAUCk/I2A6r4YvvNsgPAwui-UV_oRxYMaLBaakQCLcBGAs/s640/25-19-2-2%2Bs.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Changeable Hawk-eagle with a rat</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JoEbvxOOtoo/XFQX9uOs6HI/AAAAAAAAUCg/vIOs5-LA7rMz5DIhly9ALREFX_uIqyojwCLcBGAs/s1600/BTBE%2Blanding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JoEbvxOOtoo/XFQX9uOs6HI/AAAAAAAAUCg/vIOs5-LA7rMz5DIhly9ALREFX_uIqyojwCLcBGAs/s640/BTBE%2Blanding.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blue-tailed Bee-eater</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K6ZpBrUUumE/XFQbpAaLX_I/AAAAAAAAUD8/aW6EDsNAZ2ErOiBI4q_Fmar_5lSiAoTMACLcBGAs/s1600/Little%2BGrebe%2B03-04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K6ZpBrUUumE/XFQbpAaLX_I/AAAAAAAAUD8/aW6EDsNAZ2ErOiBI4q_Fmar_5lSiAoTMACLcBGAs/s640/Little%2BGrebe%2B03-04.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Little Grebe</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6t5p6ZJjLy4/XFQ3FCalx1I/AAAAAAAAUHI/5-tZ2vOzGTYUCXL-ox5fKwLJXeLqix_qwCLcBGAs/s1600/Otter%2Breccie%2B28-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1019" data-original-width="1600" height="406" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6t5p6ZJjLy4/XFQ3FCalx1I/AAAAAAAAUHI/5-tZ2vOzGTYUCXL-ox5fKwLJXeLqix_qwCLcBGAs/s640/Otter%2Breccie%2B28-3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Smooth-coated Otters</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When I first went to Byram I was very happy
with the set-up and prospects. There was a non-sealed road running essentially south to north
that ran alongside some oxidation ponds that were adjacent to the major rubbish
dump for the state of Penang.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ponds
contained some skeleton trees that provided good perches for the number of
local and migratory species. It was relatively easy to shoot from a car window
with a 500mm or 600mm lens with extenders. Past the oxidation ponds was a group
of trees with mainly swampy ground beneath. A canal runs parallel to the road
and later there is a T-bend with a drainage route out to the open seas briefly
joining another river. There is a mechanical gate that can be raised at low
tide to drain part of the canal to the sea.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The road and canal continue to the north
running parallel to each other. There is a small fishing port less than a mile
along the road.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 2011 and 2102 this was a great place to
visit and many images were collected. It is also on a migration route and one
of the migrant species was the beautiful Blue-tailed Bee-eater and the ubiquitous Brown Shrikes. There were a
number of Crested Serpent Eagles who preyed on local snakes as well as a
nesting pair of Changeable Hawk-eagles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Along the
canal Smooth-coated otter families hunted for fish or sprainted alongside the
canal. Where the canal meets the Sungai Air Hitam there were at least five species of
kingfishers; Collared, White-throated, Stork-billed, Black-capped and
Common.....in season.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 2013 some unspecified and very misguided contractor
decided to make the oxidation pond area into a ‘nature park’. A mesh fence was erected
around the ponds and a concrete path was laid down as well as concrete seats
and a sort of gazebo. For unknown reasons some of the dead trees were removed
from the water. The perches were now mainly gone, and the mesh fence precluded
shooting images from a car. If you walked on the path you would scare off most of the
potential subjects. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I wrote a blog documenting the loss to local
nature photographers in 2013 and tried to get a local newspaper reporter interested in
the ruination of a nature photography site. For some obscure reason an article
was published that extolled the sense of making nature available to locals and
what an asset it was to the local community!!!! I never saw anyone use it and when
I tried to walk the path in the early days after its construction a security guard got
very anxious about what I was doing. It was complete stupidity to think that
locals from Nibong Tebal over 10Km away would romance their partners with the aroma of the
rubbish dump.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Since 2014 I have only been to the area two or
three times a year. The canal and river area were unspoiled and the kingfishers
etc still arrive. In January 2019 the main dumping ground is very close to the
oxidation ponds and some ponds have been filled in. The mesh fence is broken
down in many places and the path is broken and covered in dirt and rubble in
some places. Perversely the broken path and surrounds was still being
maintained by one worker, at least. The canal for some reason has been filled
in at one spot and the water either side has deteriorated markedly. In general, the
deterioration has been gradual but seems headed for a final demise. Some trees
have fallen down by natural forces and the raptors are less but the kingfishers
are still around. What is most annoying that the virtues of the area were
pointed out, but a ridiculous scheme was funded without any possible merit, logic
or sense other than to extract money.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xyrYi9edbw4/XFQY9PZ8jmI/AAAAAAAAUDQ/h1vQhLet-f8rCH10b907ZxzU4BitDZBJgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1098.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1034" data-original-width="1600" height="412" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xyrYi9edbw4/XFQY9PZ8jmI/AAAAAAAAUDQ/h1vQhLet-f8rCH10b907ZxzU4BitDZBJgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1098.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The gate is wrecked the Gazebo unusable and the path covered in dirt (see below) and the main dumping ground gets ever nearer. The ponds are necessary to temper toxic run-off from the dump before the effluent goes into the sea. There have been a number of scientific papers written about the desirable readings.......but it seems to be breaking down!!!!</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xa06OXwBA-4/XFQafdjGUAI/AAAAAAAAUDg/i-d3HzY4atAxE-ksUFe5qGv_fUkNLwRzwCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02370-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1039" data-original-width="1600" height="414" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xa06OXwBA-4/XFQafdjGUAI/AAAAAAAAUDg/i-d3HzY4atAxE-ksUFe5qGv_fUkNLwRzwCLcBGAs/s640/DSC02370-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-P8WfaMVQjOs/XFQaiKNZnbI/AAAAAAAAUDk/BEaC903FPiYQ97ixyCl4EsyYkOUNx0EewCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02373-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-P8WfaMVQjOs/XFQaiKNZnbI/AAAAAAAAUDk/BEaC903FPiYQ97ixyCl4EsyYkOUNx0EewCLcBGAs/s640/DSC02373-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cFooPQwuSIE/XFdfSwhTHHI/AAAAAAAAULk/LnzvsUT4k08LPBjy2VhDEfppTWoDBgPTgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02386-1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="995" data-original-width="1600" height="398" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cFooPQwuSIE/XFdfSwhTHHI/AAAAAAAAULk/LnzvsUT4k08LPBjy2VhDEfppTWoDBgPTgCLcBGAs/s640/DSC02386-1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The path around the 'great attraction' is broken and overgrown</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-j2bRcOJfLLA/XFdfhPVxdnI/AAAAAAAAULo/9nV0IIE0wS4BV8J8IYZw7mV9m-paQ385gCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P1225.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1090" data-original-width="1600" height="436" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-j2bRcOJfLLA/XFdfhPVxdnI/AAAAAAAAULo/9nV0IIE0wS4BV8J8IYZw7mV9m-paQ385gCLcBGAs/s640/B97P1225.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nobody sits on the seats</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It is still a good photographic location around the estuary (pink and red indicated area on the diagram); including 5 species of Kingfisher but they are not easy to get close to.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YhIKjrZgNiw/XFZeWva3k9I/AAAAAAAAUJU/iVbT-A4n0vI5FjeaLWOTjf9eF-0tmdeDwCLcBGAs/s1600/Malaysia_White_throated_kingfisher_adult_15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YhIKjrZgNiw/XFZeWva3k9I/AAAAAAAAUJU/iVbT-A4n0vI5FjeaLWOTjf9eF-0tmdeDwCLcBGAs/s640/Malaysia_White_throated_kingfisher_adult_15.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-throated</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F7uwrI3S3Jo/XFQ3bZ15xfI/AAAAAAAAUHQ/bhtXPQZ2K5kHgs8cU_dDYt6ci-ThulolgCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE0117101320.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-F7uwrI3S3Jo/XFQ3bZ15xfI/AAAAAAAAUHQ/bhtXPQZ2K5kHgs8cU_dDYt6ci-ThulolgCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE0117101320.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black-capped</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZKBdDyWZzdg/XFQX-g0RUTI/AAAAAAAAUDE/CmYGt5HQMYodgi_lnGVuX22CZ7zGlzK_ACEwYBhgL/s1600/a4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1071" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZKBdDyWZzdg/XFQX-g0RUTI/AAAAAAAAUDE/CmYGt5HQMYodgi_lnGVuX22CZ7zGlzK_ACEwYBhgL/s640/a4.jpg" width="456" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Stork-billed</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IpfgJpaSYOY/XFZeS25XgRI/AAAAAAAAUJQ/cbxOeSf4aes3ImZLPfqYndSliagkqocSQCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DC0B02071C09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1308" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IpfgJpaSYOY/XFZeS25XgRI/AAAAAAAAUJQ/cbxOeSf4aes3ImZLPfqYndSliagkqocSQCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DC0B02071C09.jpg" width="558" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Common</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hu0cmx_AUyo/XFQ31GmRWMI/AAAAAAAAUHY/ZacaB0Nlppk1aX0ie-KjOcFGXwXsFfUaACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5991-1620.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1600" height="344" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hu0cmx_AUyo/XFQ31GmRWMI/AAAAAAAAUHY/ZacaB0Nlppk1aX0ie-KjOcFGXwXsFfUaACLcBGAs/s640/B97P5991-1620.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Collared</span></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-weight: 400;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Current status;</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-weight: 400;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Ponds....degrading to extinction, Estuary ......still intact</span></b></span></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Penanti Motocross
track</span></span></b><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I5tqBpsnL8Y/XFa98E36-kI/AAAAAAAAUJ8/ldZZUMeh3b0-Ff3IWtV7-8rJMA2aBOYXQCLcBGAs/s1600/Bike%2Bjump%2BPenanti%2B18-1-close.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="934" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I5tqBpsnL8Y/XFa98E36-kI/AAAAAAAAUJ8/ldZZUMeh3b0-Ff3IWtV7-8rJMA2aBOYXQCLcBGAs/s640/Bike%2Bjump%2BPenanti%2B18-1-close.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--HOtPLd7aJs/XFa95S05oJI/AAAAAAAAUJ4/_kTa788E6JUhmXV_BmSNrdNdnFZlK151gCLcBGAs/s1600/Bike%2Bjump%2BPenanti%2B3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--HOtPLd7aJs/XFa95S05oJI/AAAAAAAAUJ4/_kTa788E6JUhmXV_BmSNrdNdnFZlK151gCLcBGAs/s640/Bike%2Bjump%2BPenanti%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A kingfisher nesting hole is visible on the bank by the corner of the track (2012)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e1U4rNTDgF8/XFeUC9aPY1I/AAAAAAAAUL4/mfzC0cgogLsQTgjy6VdYT2r15cj4BTuxgCLcBGAs/s1600/Nest%2Bdiversity%2BPenanti.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1114" data-original-width="1600" height="444" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e1U4rNTDgF8/XFeUC9aPY1I/AAAAAAAAUL4/mfzC0cgogLsQTgjy6VdYT2r15cj4BTuxgCLcBGAs/s640/Nest%2Bdiversity%2BPenanti.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image from 2012 showing the diversity and a small section of nesting sites</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r0oBDaGN6cI/XFQeiS_nEyI/AAAAAAAAUEs/nyK05pZJscwHjJtXO58m2KryZWYM2vlNwCLcBGAs/s1600/1-1-0-0%2Br.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><img border="0" data-original-height="971" data-original-width="1400" height="442" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r0oBDaGN6cI/XFQeiS_nEyI/AAAAAAAAUEs/nyK05pZJscwHjJtXO58m2KryZWYM2vlNwCLcBGAs/s640/1-1-0-0%2Br.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YK63zePgA0U/XFeafzGR8lI/AAAAAAAAUMM/SWYzBLs_wxcbTQeH9_olYfaXCHiv58g-QCLcBGAs/s1600/10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="1501" height="402" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YK63zePgA0U/XFeafzGR8lI/AAAAAAAAUMM/SWYzBLs_wxcbTQeH9_olYfaXCHiv58g-QCLcBGAs/s640/10.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">GoPro images from above a Chestnut-headed Bee-eater nest</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wyR7HZ1cM9c/XFQemBb_hzI/AAAAAAAAUEw/dVXfSJwpW-glaVgrYnFeIXQqDa1uzgd1ACLcBGAs/s1600/1-1-0-0-kfd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><img border="0" data-original-height="756" data-original-width="1024" height="472" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wyR7HZ1cM9c/XFQemBb_hzI/AAAAAAAAUEw/dVXfSJwpW-glaVgrYnFeIXQqDa1uzgd1ACLcBGAs/s640/1-1-0-0-kfd.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NL-qCvfE54A/XFQeqYeScXI/AAAAAAAAUE4/-g2ksX0xF04OULPIn4AnDS-GwS-HPuqfQCLcBGAs/s1600/1-1-1-0%2Bq%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NL-qCvfE54A/XFQeqYeScXI/AAAAAAAAUE4/-g2ksX0xF04OULPIn4AnDS-GwS-HPuqfQCLcBGAs/s640/1-1-1-0%2Bq%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This was clearly my favourite site. I have
visited this location over 200 times. I exhibit in international photographic
salons and this location produced over 100 images that were accepted internationally
with many medal winners. The location was like an outdoor photographic studio.
At its peak in 2012/2013 30-50 Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters nested there starting
November/December, around 150 Blue-throated Bee-eaters nested there from late February to June. Also, four pairs of White-throated Kingfishers nested in
cavities in the complex. </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Coucals, Bulbuls, Paddyfield Pipits, Green-billed Malkohas,
Blue-winged Pittas, Pied Fantails, Savannah Nightjars, also frequented the area. Wild Boars used to dart across the area in the early morning.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I had several friends who were motocross
riders. They told me there was a number of such tracks in the area and they
were free to use which one was convenient. The track was designed by an enthusiast
who owned supermarkets apparently. The track was remodelled several times in 3-4
years and then declined. The trackside tyre markers were removed and over the
next three years or so the track degenerated. The Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters
declined until there were 3-4 only in 2018 and their attempt at nesting was
futile. The number of Blue-throated also dropped to about 34-40 in 2018. In
2018 my main focus was a solitary pair of White-throated Kingfishers raising two chicks.
I drove past the track in October 2018 and the area was being levelled and
trees uprooted. On investigation in January 2019 I established that half the
area had been flattened while the back half is currently intact. A kingfisher
pair was in residence. Some Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters appeared but did not
stay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As the land was owned privately the owner can
do whatever he/she likes. The area is surrounded by palm oil trees and I have
long suspected this area would become part of the ‘profit forest’. I am grateful that I had
the opportunity to make use of the situation. The owner would never have known
this was a major bird-nesting area and such a wonderful photography site.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OunWe9czVBc/XFQfe280yHI/AAAAAAAAUFk/QPCUlGFCeL4bRVtWkboU-zXrONNSTm6hgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC02357%2B1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OunWe9czVBc/XFQfe280yHI/AAAAAAAAUFk/QPCUlGFCeL4bRVtWkboU-zXrONNSTm6hgCLcBGAs/s640/DSC02357%2B1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Several years back and in the year before half the area was levelled some lazy tree-felling contractor would dump his waste on this site, some of which can be seen below. Turf was also cut here and poachers were frequent visitors.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Current status</b></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>; Severely compromised and likely to be totally gone by the end of 2019.</b></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></span></b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The remaining locations were not part of the original GPS locations I was given but they are still part of the story.</span></span></b><br />
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Jalan Servis</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tree with Coppersmith Barbet nest holes</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The colourful little Coppersmith Barbets are cavity nesters that drill holes in mainly dead or dying tree branches. For several years there was a tree along Jalan Servis, just behind Gleneagles Hospital that looked like a mini condominium for Coppersmith Barbets. The nest was very active in June 2015. I checked in 2016 at about the same time and found the tree had been cut down......’because it looked ugly’ in front of a restaurant. Whether permission was granted to cut it remains unknown.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The stump of the Barbet-nesting tree can be seen at the bottom of the picture</span></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><br />Current status</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">; Gone forever.</span></b></span></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Otters at Seri Tanjung Pinang</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">I live in Seri Tanjung Pinang and for a number of years we sighted families of Smooth-coated Otters that bred under the ‘Lighthouse’ at Straits Quay and had another holt in the rocks adjacent to the promenade. Some days 8-9 otters were sighted. They also frequented a patch of mangroves near Gurney Drive. Since the construction of the offshore island and the destruction of the mangroves the otters are very infrequently seen and never as a family. What is concerning is that no environmental impact studies were taken into account for the island complex and submissions from the Nature Society were ignored.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The mangrove complex can be seen in the centre of the image</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Smooth-coated Otters would raise their young under the 'lighthouse' (on the left)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But along came the reclamation and the machinery.......</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pile-driving equipment, more development and fishermen has resulted in abandonment of the holt which was located in the foreground</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">Current Status</span><span lang="EN-US">; Far less sightings and no family groups.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Blue-tailed Bee-eater nesting site at Kampong Genting</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blue-tailed Bee-eaters nest in and around China and migrate South during the Winter. They can be seen around the coast of Penang in November when heading south and again in March/April when returning north. There have been anecdotal reports of nesting sites in mainland Malaysia but the only confirmed site was in Balik Pulau on Penang Island. Specifically the site was in Kampung Genting. A decade ago the Government decided to construct an education complex in this area and a Vocational College was constructed on the nesting site.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Progress needs to happen and educational establishments are of primary importance but one has to question wether ecological surveys were carried out at the time. The species will survive but this colony clearly had to find alternate places to nest. You can now watch a game of football where new life was once created and nurtured.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To be fair the nesting ground had been lost before I arrived in Penang but I feel it adds to the theme of the blog.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Today the flags of the Malaysian States fly over the area where the Blue-tailed Bee-eaters fed their chicks .</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--EndFragment--><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Current Status; Gone forever</b></span></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-63953740240461409482018-12-31T06:38:00.001-08:002019-01-02T23:59:40.673-08:00Photographing the Australasian Gannets at Muriwai, near Auckland, New Zealand<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A number of
years ago while staying with my grandparents in Hastings in Hawkes Bay, New
Zealand I would walk out along the beach to view the gannets at Cape
Kidnappers. It was a long walk and the beach was only accessible at low to mid-tide.
I was fascinated by this bird with its ability to crash-dive into the water
after fish and its aptitude to show all sorts of displays to the nesting
partner. It is a bird of action and character....a great subject for nature
photography.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I was in Auckland visiting my brother in late November 2018 so I
decided to go to the colony at Muriwai, about 45 minutes drive away to get
photographs of this beautiful seabird. I was there during a week day and at
times had the place to myself although later in the morning there were busloads
of tourists arriving who were more after selfies than having an inherent interest in
the gannets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The shoot<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I drove to
Muriwai on 27<sup>th</sup> November when the colony would be at its peak
breeding time. I arrived at around 7.15am. There is an adjacent carpark
that is reported to be open only at that time. I parked the car and walked
about 500 metres to the site. There are two viewing platforms, an upper one and
a lower one. They are really well placed. From the upper platform excellent
flight shots can be obtained. I had a 28-300 zoom lens on my Canon EOS 1DX for
most of the time. You have to be competent at tracking the incoming birds and a rapid-fire
mode on the camera is ideal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was in my
element and in about 4 hours I shot over 3000 images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Muriwai is on the west coast the sun rising
in the east is directly behind you, which is ideal. The opposite occurs at Cape
Kidnappers and for most of the morning you are looking into the sun. I also had
subdued sunlight which is more desirable that harsh sun as the mainly white
gannets can get very contrasty in photographs. I was getting exposures at f8 from 1/3200<sup>th</sup>
to 1/8000<sup>th</sup> of a second. All my shooting at this point was done
hand-held. Later a blue-sky opened up, which was ideal as a background colour. I
shot for about 4 hours before exhausting my arms and cards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Later I moved to
the lower viewing platform which opened up the opportunity to isolate some of
the birds and record their behaviour. For this I used a Tamron 150-600mm f5-f6.3
lens, which is also ideal for handholding, although I also used it on a Manfrotto
tripod for the close-up shots.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The behaviour to
watch out for is detailed below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Australasian Gannet<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Australian
Gannet <i>(Morus serrator</i>) is Also known as the Australian Gannet or the Maori name, Takapu is a
large seabird of the booby and gannet family Sulidae. There are three world species
that also include the Cape Gannet and the Northern Gannet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Appearance<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The adults are
mostly white, with black flight feathers at the wingtip and lining the trailing
edge of the wing. The central tail feathers are also black, the head is yellow,
with a pale blue-grey bill edged in black, and blue-rimmed eyes. The eyes have
a light grey iris surrounded by a pale blue eye ring, and bare black skin on
the face which merges into the bill in adults, the bill is pearly grey with
dark grey or black edges, and a black groove running down the length of the
upper mandible. The four-toed feet are dark grey and joined by a membrane of
similar colour. There are light green lines running along the ridges of the
toes that continue along up the front of the legs. Young birds have a mottled plumage,
with a dark bill. The birds gradually acquire more white in subsequent seasons
until they reach maturity in five years.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Colonies and Nesting<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nesting takes
place in colonies along the coastlines of New Zealand, Victoria and
Tasmania......mostly on offshore islands. Both countries have some mainland
colonies. The main colonies in offshore islands around New Zealand include; Three
Kings Island, White Island and Gannet Island. There is a large colony on the
mainland at Cape Kidnappers as well as smaller colonies at Muriwai and Farewell
Spit. Almost 90 % of the species breeds around New Zealand. They are
plunge divers and spectacular fishers rocketing into the ocean at high speed.
They eat mainly surface-swimming fish and with few natural enemies the
population appears to be growing. When a group of birds are diving after fish together the gannets risk fatal collisions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Australasian
Gannet is usually silent at sea and loud and vocal in the colony in the day and
sometimes overnight. The call is a harsh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">arrah-arrah</i></b> which is emitted upon
approaching or arriving at the colony or as a threat. The call can be heard
<a href="https://www.hbw.com/ibc/sound/australasian-gannet-morus-serrator/calls-several-birds-while-performing-special-display">here</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Colony location is
related to sea temperature, which in turn dictates the presence of fish. Cape
Kidnappers in Hawkes Bay is thought to have been settled in 1850, with 100
pairs in 1885. 5,186 pairs were reported in 1981. Muriwai near Auckland, comprises
a mainland colony on Okatamiro Point, estimated at 1,385 pairs in 2016, while
nearby Motutara (Pillar Rock) has 187 pairs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Male Gannets
arrive in New Zealand colony sites in July/August each year to prepare the nests. The
colony will disband in May and June the following year with the youngsters
dispersing to the north and west. They will reach southeastern Queensland to
Rottnest Island off Western Australia. Some immature gannets will spend 3 to 4
years in Australian waters before returning to New Zealand. Some will remain in
New Zealand waters.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gannet pairs
will remain together over several seasons, until one member dies....although
divorce has been recorded. The site at Muriwai is indicative of how
they nest on flat or gently sloping ground, on stacks or cliff-tops, 15 to 90 metres
above seas level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The nests are
cup-shaped mounds 10-20cm high, made from seaweed, plants, earth and debris
from the sea. Males usually collect the material and pass it to the female to
construct the nest. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">One chalky-coated egg is laid and is incubated mainly by
the female keeping the egg warm on top of her feet. Incubation lasts for 37-50 days.
If the egg is lost early, it will be replaced but there is only one brood per
year. Newly-hatched chicks are featherless and have black skin. They are
covered by a white down in 2-3 weeks and the first proper feathers appear
between day 43 and 47. The chick will be half-covered by feathers by 9 weeks.
Young chicks are fed regurgitated, semi-digested fish by their parents, who open
their mouths wide for the chick to access the back of their throats. The young
birds fledge 95-109 days after hatching, before heading to a clifftop and
remaining there for between 6 hours and three days before flying. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The longest recording travelling distance was 8,128 km.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The gannets
begin breeding between four and seven years of age and are thought to have a
lifespan of at least 20-30 years. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Muriwai colony was very mixed in terms of the stage of the breeding cycle. Some of the chicks were approaching adult size while incubation of the solitary egg was occurring in adjacent nests. Mating and nest-building was also underway elsewhere. There was also several colonies of White-fronted terns nesting on the periphery of the gannet nesting site. On several occasions a gannet strayed into the terns' territory and it was harassed. There were also several Black-backed gulls in attendance looking for something to pillage. On the edge of the colony gannets were pulling vegetation to use as potential nesting material.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Displaying<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Australasian
gannet is highly territorial when nesting, engaging in antagonistic displays to
mark their ground against neighbours and interlopers. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the bowing display,
the male’s head and beak points down, and its wings are held up away from the
body and folded backwards. He moves his head from side to side before bowing
forward. The male may escalate the fight by lunging at an interloper with a closed or
open bill or proceed to locking bills and wrestling for an extended period.
Fights can be fatal. A bird may engage in an appeasement display to calm an
attacker by lowering its head and tucking its bill into its chest.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mating pairs
engage in a fencing display when the male arrives back at the nest. The two
birds stand breast to breast with wings spread and bills extended vertically.
They fence and scissor with their bills rapidly, calling loudly at the same
time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> The birds usually follow this
display by allopreening. Mated pairs will engage in sky-pointing, where a bird
paces slowly with its neck and bill vertical and its wings partly raised.
Copulation takes place after allopreening, the female shaking her head vigorously
and the male biting her neck and climbing on her back and waving his wings
before joining their cloacae. Afterwards the female preens the male who slides
of his partner and reciprocates preening.</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Diving<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Although I have
seen them dive in the past the gannets were not fishing near to the colony when I was present. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This species has some anatomical features that
enable it to hit the water at 85-100km/hour. They are;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1. the missile-like
shape they adopt <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2. They don’t
have conventional nostrils but slits covered with tissue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3. They have
strategically located internal airbags that are extensions of their lungs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4. They are able
to adapt their sight in a split second from dry vision to that required underwater.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5. Their elegant
necks are long and appear vulnerable to impact but they is hunched up and braced
for impact.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Such
modifications are calculated to allow even greater speeds of entry.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>All the photographs below which show diving attitudes are from library images.</i></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b>A BBC/Attenborough film can be seen</b></span><i> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Cp1n_vPvYY">here.</a></i></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b><span style="color: #0b5394;">and one from National Geographic</span></b> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwPrXOtBoVg">here</a>.</span></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-84180551313878639032018-05-19T22:04:00.002-07:002018-05-19T22:04:57.209-07:00Fledging strategies of Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<!--StartFragment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There is a large colony of nesting
Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters in the confines of a large Buddhist temple complex on
Penang island. The birds have cleverly adapted to a man-made structure and nest
in drainage pipes on extensive retaining walls. There could be well over 100 active
nests in this relatively predator-free environment giving it a condominium-like appearance. The pipes are about a metre
long and the adult birds dig out a nesting chamber in the dirt at the inner end
of the pipes where the eggs are laid and the hatchlings are first fed.. </span><!--EndFragment--></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fJ_-8hwgsgA/WwDrOQ9AKeI/AAAAAAAAP_M/4-SxeY8QL7kHARb55-6-uouYGicDdKO7gCLcBGAs/s1600/0b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="936" data-original-width="1600" height="374" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fJ_-8hwgsgA/WwDrOQ9AKeI/AAAAAAAAP_M/4-SxeY8QL7kHARb55-6-uouYGicDdKO7gCLcBGAs/s640/0b.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aerial view of the temple complex (terracotta colour) and the extensive surrounding forest. The retaining walls are indicated by the arrows</span></td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uKmo72MEhyY/WwDrV-KTWGI/AAAAAAAAP_Q/y8wAbC0DQ3IrxoCW-5OSXKv9U9vUWusmQCLcBGAs/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uKmo72MEhyY/WwDrV-KTWGI/AAAAAAAAP_Q/y8wAbC0DQ3IrxoCW-5OSXKv9U9vUWusmQCLcBGAs/s640/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Part of the retaining walls and drainage holes</span></td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-a9-mXCJe4N8/WwDrahrKClI/AAAAAAAAP_U/M2Z2ckrIN4QFcaW57gskm6N0a2hoPTP7QCLcBGAs/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-a9-mXCJe4N8/WwDrahrKClI/AAAAAAAAP_U/M2Z2ckrIN4QFcaW57gskm6N0a2hoPTP7QCLcBGAs/s640/4.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Choosing the condominium</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After choosing a location there may be the odd altercation with Crested Mynas</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.......hunting is ongoing</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-egIWrdvF6kk/WwD49fbBORI/AAAAAAAAP_0/eHwuChCdWkAUdknR-vqy2cOMvLYYAO9cQCLcBGAs/s1600/8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-egIWrdvF6kk/WwD49fbBORI/AAAAAAAAP_0/eHwuChCdWkAUdknR-vqy2cOMvLYYAO9cQCLcBGAs/s640/8.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">..........and there are gifts for the partner</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NtA0PKZftBY/WwD5IC_OAYI/AAAAAAAAP_8/3R1lfzvJDc8gJYprkjHTMfHluhufusoGwCLcBGAs/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NtA0PKZftBY/WwD5IC_OAYI/AAAAAAAAP_8/3R1lfzvJDc8gJYprkjHTMfHluhufusoGwCLcBGAs/s640/6.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />Up to 5 eggs are laid a day apart. In 20 days
the chicks hatch and the parents will make numerous trips along the pipes to
feed the hungry brood. All goes smoothly as the location has many flying
insects that is their food source, captured by the parents in the air and conveyed
into the chicks.</span><!--EndFragment-->
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-43m6mq731no/WwA_svM4xMI/AAAAAAAAP80/7EIAYtkIMNYg4P7I-FJ4u6dAl35MPcjrACLcBGAs/s1600/10b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1219" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-43m6mq731no/WwA_svM4xMI/AAAAAAAAP80/7EIAYtkIMNYg4P7I-FJ4u6dAl35MPcjrACLcBGAs/s640/10b.jpg" width="520" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Combined images of an incoming adult with cargo</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pua3kxSZoB8/WwA_st9kJXI/AAAAAAAAP8w/rTDg1oQhI5gzXOpgMptjFokFqh-cw3FpACLcBGAs/s1600/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pua3kxSZoB8/WwA_st9kJXI/AAAAAAAAP8w/rTDg1oQhI5gzXOpgMptjFokFqh-cw3FpACLcBGAs/s640/11.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bAHNa19c9lE/WwBDGVAQ1UI/AAAAAAAAP-c/YCV_pVkMpV0NtzQIKvnCNGOTlrgXrlUEwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5503.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bAHNa19c9lE/WwBDGVAQ1UI/AAAAAAAAP-c/YCV_pVkMpV0NtzQIKvnCNGOTlrgXrlUEwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5503.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The adults shuffle along the pipe with their cargo to the growing brood</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The adults will reappear up to two minutes later either head first, having enough room to turn around or tail-first where they complete a gymnastic flip before flying off for more hunting</span></div>
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Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<!--StartFragment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The chicks mature in 28-30 days and are ready to
fledge (leave the nest fly for the first time). The oldest chick will go to the open end of the pipe and will
then intercept all the food coming in via the parents. </span><!--EndFragment--></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">You can tell there is a chick near the entrance because the incoming adults stay on the outside of the nest entrance. The parents will rapidly stuff the ‘doorway’ chick with food…BUT he/she, now adult-sized, is preventing the feeding of the other chicks. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There may
be up to five adults feeding the nest and they have a two-pronged strategy to
clear the obstructing chick. COERCION or EXTRACTION.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">With COERCION
the adults will fly in like they are on a feeding run but will veer off in
front of the chick …giving it a heavy hint. They will then fly in front of the
nest at a distance of 20-30 metres calling the chick. If the chick decides to
fly it will be greeted by the parents and escorted to a nearby tree. It will be
fed there by the parents for some time or in the adjacent area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6kMwfzEt7yU/WwA_0lkjAkI/AAAAAAAAP9M/wabCnPJX3rkOSmBlzrjOtbQgwQxIhrTPgCLcBGAs/s1600/16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6kMwfzEt7yU/WwA_0lkjAkI/AAAAAAAAP9M/wabCnPJX3rkOSmBlzrjOtbQgwQxIhrTPgCLcBGAs/s640/16.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Come fly with me'</span></td></tr>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F-0YNNQgL4s/WwA_0sLdBFI/AAAAAAAAP9Q/0b0agL6AmHAROryvdvgHcclJy4QpeAiawCLcBGAs/s1600/17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-F-0YNNQgL4s/WwA_0sLdBFI/AAAAAAAAP9Q/0b0agL6AmHAROryvdvgHcclJy4QpeAiawCLcBGAs/s640/17.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A chick flies for the first time...coerced from the nest by the parents</span></td></tr>
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hint…. a less subtle method is used…EXTRACTION</span><!--EndFragment-->
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">It will plant its dainty feet under the tunnel
entrance.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fz2nXLRP6dg/WwA_4P06c2I/AAAAAAAAP9Y/WNZZXXpn514jjeRAVbRUgRq0gdESQkpXACLcBGAs/s1600/21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fz2nXLRP6dg/WwA_4P06c2I/AAAAAAAAP9Y/WNZZXXpn514jjeRAVbRUgRq0gdESQkpXACLcBGAs/s640/21.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When the chick goes for the insect prey .......</span><!--EndFragment--><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The adult grasps the chick's beak..........</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xZrfrz1HH4M/WwBBMb_wOOI/AAAAAAAAP-E/-fdTCGt2jzoLJ5aLfYJGNaJrmj5Yxd0EgCLcBGAs/s1600/23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xZrfrz1HH4M/WwBBMb_wOOI/AAAAAAAAP-E/-fdTCGt2jzoLJ5aLfYJGNaJrmj5Yxd0EgCLcBGAs/s640/23.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and pulls back.......</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">extracting the chick like a pulling a tooth.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.....l</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">eaving the chick no alternative but to fly off.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hqQVf2MDqFg/WwBBMHr5peI/AAAAAAAAP98/qAW2a7vLa9I78hanDjhDpa2Pfr26hgiZACLcBGAs/s1600/25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hqQVf2MDqFg/WwBBMHr5peI/AAAAAAAAP98/qAW2a7vLa9I78hanDjhDpa2Pfr26hgiZACLcBGAs/s640/25.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">The next mature chick will them come to the entrance in a short time and the whole procedure is repeated.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The whole event is over in the blink of an eye....to be precise at 10 frames a second and 6 consecutive frames ...there is 0.6 seconds of extraction action.</span></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-221691301213193602018-03-10T21:11:00.000-08:002018-03-10T21:15:42.068-08:00Kek Lok Si Temple: The most ornate Bee-eater colony<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kek Lok Si Temple is a Buddhist temple situated in Air Itam, Penang Island, with its elevated position facing the sea making for impressive viewing. It is the largest Buddhist temple in Malaysia and was built over a period from 1890 to 1930. Two of the most striking features are the Pagoda of Ten Thousand Buddhas and the 36.57 metre tall bronze statue of the Kuan Yin, the Goddess of Mercy.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lz959rAbs58/WqPLUZ31_VI/AAAAAAAAO-g/MqHefW55V6EG6ypkkARTYAIqbyRgE1EAwCLcBGAs/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lz959rAbs58/WqPLUZ31_VI/AAAAAAAAO-g/MqHefW55V6EG6ypkkARTYAIqbyRgE1EAwCLcBGAs/s640/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Around Chinese New Year the entire complex is festooned with a myriad of coloured lights which make very impressive viewing and a 'must-visit' tourist attraction</span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GjiZULUScbk/WqPLVuYNCUI/AAAAAAAAO-s/JEnRrA-QAgYARse9z6GulI7UcccFN_A_wCLcBGAs/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1600" height="416" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GjiZULUScbk/WqPLVuYNCUI/AAAAAAAAO-s/JEnRrA-QAgYARse9z6GulI7UcccFN_A_wCLcBGAs/s640/2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another colourful sight, in and around Penang, is the endemic Chestnut-headed Bee-eater <i>(Merops leschenaulti</i>). There are 5 colourful members of different Bee-eater species found in Malaysia with three of these regularly seen in Penang. </span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p0XkGp47B98/WqPLXdAU2gI/AAAAAAAAO-8/2LUG6zIaE0A6omNFbzT5WMamUY4QUM7vgCLcBGAs/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="934" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p0XkGp47B98/WqPLXdAU2gI/AAAAAAAAO-8/2LUG6zIaE0A6omNFbzT5WMamUY4QUM7vgCLcBGAs/s640/5.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b-FlyhUx4oI/WqSt1btM7wI/AAAAAAAAPEQ/IjtPBOWEhzcE-HjvIxdxlMTk_mAZOgOVACLcBGAs/s1600/4c.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="1600" height="322" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b-FlyhUx4oI/WqSt1btM7wI/AAAAAAAAPEQ/IjtPBOWEhzcE-HjvIxdxlMTk_mAZOgOVACLcBGAs/s640/4c.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Penang Bee-eaters; Blue-throated Bee-eater, Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters and Blue-tailed Bee-eater</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Chestnut-headed Bee-eater is a resident breeder in the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining regions, ranging from India, to Southeast Asia, including Thailand. Northern Malaysia and Indonesia.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oknSB9QTuys/WqPbv8Q4_0I/AAAAAAAAPDc/bAxufAW2ZykFmC57lahmQ3NjRHXQ-eG9ACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-03-10%2Bat%2B9.14.01%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="1053" height="574" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oknSB9QTuys/WqPbv8Q4_0I/AAAAAAAAPDc/bAxufAW2ZykFmC57lahmQ3NjRHXQ-eG9ACLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-03-10%2Bat%2B9.14.01%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">These Bee-eaters breed in sub-tropical open woodland. often near water. They are a gregarious species nesting in small to large colonies in sandy banks.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Like other Bee-eaters they are master fliers and catch all their prey on the wing. They eat insects, especially bees, wasps and hornets as well as butterflies and moths. They will land with their prey, beat it on a branch and toss it in the air to get it in a position to consume.</span></div>
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<br /><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxFjEpfR7lTHYUak_DCoa9ePawBxD_Ht5RY6ZouPVj1NNtLJeRA5n0mt5e2gCBg0S7oYR6Oh6n7Yx1_pjdPfg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In late November the species will form pairs and centre their activities around breeding areas prior to raising their young. Egg laying occurs in January and the breeding season in Malaysia ends in May. If the conditions are right two broods of chicks will be raised.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xM3utJwUtwE/WqPLUuuA8qI/AAAAAAAAO-k/m8170s86DZUL6sMQEYtdgTvCeMHvEByEwCLcBGAs/s1600/10a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="969" data-original-width="1400" height="442" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xM3utJwUtwE/WqPLUuuA8qI/AAAAAAAAO-k/m8170s86DZUL6sMQEYtdgTvCeMHvEByEwCLcBGAs/s640/10a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At certain times in the courtship and egg-laying period the male will bring gifts of insects to the female. Sometimes this precedes mating.</span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HlMQbEuEFkk/WqPMWOJNwxI/AAAAAAAAPAA/wLg1G5XvmBw5EGHcNKhh7uFiSAqbF6OIACLcBGAs/s1600/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="934" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HlMQbEuEFkk/WqPMWOJNwxI/AAAAAAAAPAA/wLg1G5XvmBw5EGHcNKhh7uFiSAqbF6OIACLcBGAs/s640/11.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Nest building is an arduous task that may take a month. They nest in tunnels gouged into sandy banks. This type of construction uses picks and shovels. While their beaks make excellent picks their tiny ballerina feet make poor shovels. To shift loosened dirt they use their beaks as anchors, form a half-pipe with their wings and kick furiously with those dainty feet.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IU2KiWa0sgs/WqPMXFlDZoI/AAAAAAAAPAE/yDCWc6TyR0IyK21Ha70rP5f2RrxgBINDwCLcBGAs/s1600/13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1315" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IU2KiWa0sgs/WqPMXFlDZoI/AAAAAAAAPAE/yDCWc6TyR0IyK21Ha70rP5f2RrxgBINDwCLcBGAs/s640/13.jpg" width="600" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The resultant nest consists of a tunnel, around a metre long that leads in a nest chamber where 4-5 small white eggs are laid. They eggs take around 28 days to hatch.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The chicks are fed in the nest by both parents and often an uncle or aunty. Sometimes chicks from the previous batches join in as providers. Fledging also takes around 28 days and usually as the chick grows the providers seek bigger prey, such as dragonflies.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When the chicks are more mature they will wait near the entrance of the tunnel. The composite image below is a chick's view of an incoming parent.</span><br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w7lreiNQW20/WqPMcKZMO5I/AAAAAAAAPAY/hYxGAwYAtHglPcXHiJOTlBW6i8E1L6ovgCLcBGAs/s1600/16c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="1501" height="402" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w7lreiNQW20/WqPMcKZMO5I/AAAAAAAAPAY/hYxGAwYAtHglPcXHiJOTlBW6i8E1L6ovgCLcBGAs/s640/16c.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Chicks generally have the adult colouring other than green feathers on the front of their heads. </span><br />
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The fledging chick leaves the nest cavity and immediately flies off.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This type of nesting is not without difficulties with predation and pests. However on colony of penang Bee-eaters have made intelligent choices.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Back at Kek Lok Si an arrow on Google map indicates a road that bisects the temple complex. This road provide access the the Goddess of mercy statue and smaller temples.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The image below shows a view looking downhill along the steep access road. The elevated section on the left has an extensive concrete retaining wall system that is punctuated by regularly spaces drainage holes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Closer examination of these, mainly dry, drainage holes reveals their structure as indicated below.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Careful observation also indicates that the decorations for Chinese New Year have colourful additions. It is estimated that there are over 100 Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters around the temple complex. They squeak, relax, preen, romance, glide, tumble, flirt and hunt around the ornate decorations and high into the blue sky and surrounding green woodland.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This smart colony have adapted a man-made structure into a ready-made nesting colony. The PVC pipe diameter just happens to be the right size to accommodate this smaller species of Bee-eater. The pipes are around 1 metre long and there is loose sand/dirt at the inner end of the pipe. All it needs is the addition of a nest chamber and there is ample evidence these are being constructed as loose dirt is kicked out of the entrance.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">In March/April/May there is further evidence that this has been a successful</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> adaption as insects are transported into chicks in the breeding chambers. There is safety in numbers in a colony and less predation and less stress in this permanent construction. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The adaption to drainage pipe tunnel breeding has also been observed in a smaller scale on other parts of Penang Island but none are as large as the Kek Lok Si Temple colony. This adaptive strategy most likely contributes to the very high 80% adult survival rate of this species on Penang Island.</span><br />
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-88646640673199831682017-11-16T23:51:00.000-08:002017-11-18T08:01:12.566-08:00Nature photography around Darwin and Kakadu, Northern Territories, Australia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I am including an account of a nature
photographic trip to Darwin and Kakadu in this blog-site as it is a popular area
for Malaysians to visit.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nature Photography
around Darwin and Kakadu</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The first thing you need to consider when
visiting the northern part of the Northern Territories is that there are two
distinct seasons…the dry season and the wet season with periods in between. The
period from the end of the dry season to the wet season is called ‘the build-up’.
The wet season spans the period of November to April characterized by increased
humidity and followed by monsoonal rains and storms Temperatures range from
25-33 degrees C and humidity can be as high as 80%. The dry season from May to
October is characterized by warm sunny days, temperatures from 21 to 32 degrees
C and humidity levels of 60-65%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Three of us, Nick, Colin and I were in the territory
between the end of October to the first week in November………essentially in the ‘build-up’.
The advantages of this time are that there are far less tourists around but you
take your chances with the rain. The chart below sums up the monthly rainfall
and temperatures.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It is best to do photography early and late in the day. It gets very hot in between and can be unproductive and uncomfortable. So get busy early and chill out around the middle of the day. or do yiour driving then in air-conditioned comfort.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We were diverse in our targets from birds to
reptiles. We could not obtain the services of professional guides but gleaned
useful information from the excellent website of Laurie Ross <a href="http://laurieross.com.au/tag/darwin/">http://laurieross.com.au/tag/darwin/</a>. We had periods of time in Darwin, Jabiru, Katherine and Batchelor based on
Laurie’s written recommendations. We did not stay at Pine Creek but it looked to be more productive than Katherine.</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: large;">Darwin</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We stayed at the Value Inn in central Darwin.
The accommodation is well located and the compact rooms are comfortable. There
is a bit of a scrum for parking and some of the staff could . do with lessons in customer
relations. the postage stamp-sized swimming was unusable with inebriated folk spending most of their time there. From there we investigated the Esplanade, Charles Darwin National Park,
East Point Monsoon Forest Walk, Howard Springs Nature Reserve and Fogg Dam
Conservation Reserve. Of these Howard Springs was somewhat productive but the
best location of the whole trip was Fogg Dam…..I visited there 4 mornings.
(these places are indicated on the map below). Fogg Dam is just under an hours drive from Central Darwin and was developed as part of a failed rice-growing project in the early 1930s. On one visit there we met members of the 'Friends of Fog Dam' and they treated us to a cooked breakfast......such nice people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--N1ZEvNQC5k/WgzvYw6c5zI/AAAAAAAAMtQ/1rcvZDKZWSwatikTTs6hva-aNKxIMorjwCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-11-16%2Bat%2B8.56.53%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--N1ZEvNQC5k/WgzvYw6c5zI/AAAAAAAAMtQ/1rcvZDKZWSwatikTTs6hva-aNKxIMorjwCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-11-16%2Bat%2B8.56.53%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Darwin National Park</b></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This park looked promising but it was hot when we first arrived around 4 pm. Military storage sheds are still in the park as a reminder that Darwin was a target of Japanese bombing in WW2. We did see a mating couple of Forest Kingfishers and a Mistletoe Bird. The latter is quite hard to find and is dependent on mistletoe that is regarded as a pest and destroyed by gardeners.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mistletoe Bird</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Howard Springs</b></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I targeted the Rainbow Pitta at Howard Springs
but instead got some good shots of an amorous Brahminy Kite pair.</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lnXMwVV8LNw/Wg1Pf83zkaI/AAAAAAAAM1k/LnLL1KaFsucqc-LGocVz_0MsDagVNznvQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5480.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lnXMwVV8LNw/Wg1Pf83zkaI/AAAAAAAAM1k/LnLL1KaFsucqc-LGocVz_0MsDagVNznvQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5480.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Monitor Lizard</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D3-FvD8PntY/Wg1PslzBQDI/AAAAAAAAM1o/gX5FQnDovNomHU_xwDlDKxKlpZ-VXM_ZwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5542.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D3-FvD8PntY/Wg1PslzBQDI/AAAAAAAAM1o/gX5FQnDovNomHU_xwDlDKxKlpZ-VXM_ZwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5542.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brahminy Kite</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zw-rPYGjQ9s/Wgzwaew7bWI/AAAAAAAAMtc/rhxOG-CAAhsiNmbSwS6csRFLkHwE2cUXACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5560.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1330" data-original-width="1600" height="530" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zw-rPYGjQ9s/Wgzwaew7bWI/AAAAAAAAMtc/rhxOG-CAAhsiNmbSwS6csRFLkHwE2cUXACLcBGAs/s640/B97P5560.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brahminy Kites</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Fogg Dam</b></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fogg Dam was a great place to see many of the 200 bird species recorded there. There are water pythons and crocodiles too. Walking on the dam road is not recommended as crocodiles can decide to rest
there…..but this location is ideally suited to shooting from a vehicle with the
close proximity to wetlands on one side and grasslands on the other. I even
achieved a full frame shot of a tiny forest kingfisher using the car as a mobile hide. There were a number of Magpie Geese flying around. They were the main target of shooters and the shooting season has started a few weeks prior to our visit and gunfire could be heard not far away</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fogg Dam is rated as one of the top 10 places in Australia for bird-watching.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E7bebG1EavA/Wg5TLiqsJSI/AAAAAAAAM4c/p3_3ZkBqw_0XpMavGNu_m2ApVM6Xf9yiwCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-11-17%2Bat%2B11.07.20%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="906" data-original-width="1600" height="361" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E7bebG1EavA/Wg5TLiqsJSI/AAAAAAAAM4c/p3_3ZkBqw_0XpMavGNu_m2ApVM6Xf9yiwCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-11-17%2Bat%2B11.07.20%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Location of Fogg Dam</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t7ryWzmmylo/Wg1SJBYKVkI/AAAAAAAAM14/V22s3DujYXYr-AeZgUAudidgouqoM7AdwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5614.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t7ryWzmmylo/Wg1SJBYKVkI/AAAAAAAAM14/V22s3DujYXYr-AeZgUAudidgouqoM7AdwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5614.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Full moon before sunrise</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J-_qWv35Uz0/Wg6XkUeZGsI/AAAAAAAAM6I/t78V58ZEoOkMz05QtGtGQSRZp6Ml8nZsgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5631.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J-_qWv35Uz0/Wg6XkUeZGsI/AAAAAAAAM6I/t78V58ZEoOkMz05QtGtGQSRZp6Ml8nZsgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5631.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sunrise</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LRMcRF1QAz0/Wg6GT9fxd5I/AAAAAAAAM5A/IsujRox0hSAPsg3SfU-3Vlk3DRaWkt6PwCLcBGAs/s640/DSC01797-1920.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wetlands at Fogg Dam</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Comb-Crested Jacana</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Comb-Crested Jacana</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Comb-Crested Jacana</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Observation platform</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2o_If6hCm2c/Wgzxll7qAaI/AAAAAAAAMto/k_GllHfa8vANzeVDJQE8UINIfTVUOqZmQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2304.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2o_If6hCm2c/Wgzxll7qAaI/AAAAAAAAMto/k_GllHfa8vANzeVDJQE8UINIfTVUOqZmQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2304.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magpie Geese</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N7mYBW9smek/WgzxlzYeFtI/AAAAAAAAMts/msA2dqmRF686b_iYmI0WE5725uFCZg3nACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2959.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1107" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N7mYBW9smek/WgzxlzYeFtI/AAAAAAAAMts/msA2dqmRF686b_iYmI0WE5725uFCZg3nACLcBGAs/s640/B97P2959.jpg" width="472" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Comb-Crested Jacana (check out those enormous feet)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ekyF9dT1s3U/Wgzx15cVBkI/AAAAAAAAMtw/CH-NRqKl-wU-dLJnt194UqiiAAqee0gxQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5859.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ekyF9dT1s3U/Wgzx15cVBkI/AAAAAAAAMtw/CH-NRqKl-wU-dLJnt194UqiiAAqee0gxQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5859.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brolga</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g144UvK4OsA/WgzyKWjVD0I/AAAAAAAAMuA/eCXSMdYGpAUgWKFIiPRpUzgBmYHLdhwAACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5956.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1239" data-original-width="1600" height="494" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g144UvK4OsA/WgzyKWjVD0I/AAAAAAAAMuA/eCXSMdYGpAUgWKFIiPRpUzgBmYHLdhwAACLcBGAs/s640/B97P5956.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brolga displaying</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6zYoNSMOBQc/WgzyJDlemGI/AAAAAAAAMt8/LlJFflxkelEYbJpVLQw5QNUgdO_O9hj6ACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6320.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1331" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6zYoNSMOBQc/WgzyJDlemGI/AAAAAAAAMt8/LlJFflxkelEYbJpVLQw5QNUgdO_O9hj6ACLcBGAs/s640/B97P6320.jpg" width="566" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-bellied Sea Eagle</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l0YCCfzzY-k/WgzyI7dNQjI/AAAAAAAAMt4/-NAw0NHRibUQZPA6QWFQnDCBj94kq_e1gCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2502.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l0YCCfzzY-k/WgzyI7dNQjI/AAAAAAAAMt4/-NAw0NHRibUQZPA6QWFQnDCBj94kq_e1gCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2502.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Restless Flycatcher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ankjtZ3l4I0/Wgzyg1jloNI/AAAAAAAAMuI/hIfjgYT9PE8BQ1JciqbVXrM3GAsAh6NlgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2576.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ankjtZ3l4I0/Wgzyg1jloNI/AAAAAAAAMuI/hIfjgYT9PE8BQ1JciqbVXrM3GAsAh6NlgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2576.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rainbow Bee-eater</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CgKO28e59mE/WgzyW8s1iGI/AAAAAAAAMuE/3YEeFkxNSqUy7R6ADEHProRQgUgC0Pj_ACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2640.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CgKO28e59mE/WgzyW8s1iGI/AAAAAAAAMuE/3YEeFkxNSqUy7R6ADEHProRQgUgC0Pj_ACLcBGAs/s640/B97P2640.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Australian Darter</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9Pl38dJJkmU/Wg5KWEOHggI/AAAAAAAAM30/FnhgEX_5F-AcbDpGYvgA0QHtFSWcBvGsACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6448.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1290" data-original-width="1600" height="514" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9Pl38dJJkmU/Wg5KWEOHggI/AAAAAAAAM30/FnhgEX_5F-AcbDpGYvgA0QHtFSWcBvGsACLcBGAs/s640/B97P6448.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Australian Darter fishing</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KCRg_02CC8k/Wg5Ka7s4NZI/AAAAAAAAM34/cxp0ZuvnVH4tmUYAMCzE4sXHUN0w1a4cwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6254.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KCRg_02CC8k/Wg5Ka7s4NZI/AAAAAAAAM34/cxp0ZuvnVH4tmUYAMCzE4sXHUN0w1a4cwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6254.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Green Pygmy Goose</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DhVSGxwuP7A/Wg5KdOwfuZI/AAAAAAAAM38/bKdJoEgYpJQmWDsxhvK0Qaw9ybd7iTZHgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6544.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="942" data-original-width="1600" height="376" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DhVSGxwuP7A/Wg5KdOwfuZI/AAAAAAAAM38/bKdJoEgYpJQmWDsxhvK0Qaw9ybd7iTZHgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6544.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Australasian Grebe</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RdFu2UP9Ozs/Wgzyh2HxdaI/AAAAAAAAMuM/A3RQyiK41K4zZ6QMZEnxcb-UJ3pXJqFTgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3049.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RdFu2UP9Ozs/Wgzyh2HxdaI/AAAAAAAAMuM/A3RQyiK41K4zZ6QMZEnxcb-UJ3pXJqFTgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3049.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wandering Whistling Ducks</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iLWfCnlYiyI/WgzykbiZNqI/AAAAAAAAMuQ/B_5khYBY2o8LMF9uHSbB7e2XEdov1ucYgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3224.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iLWfCnlYiyI/WgzykbiZNqI/AAAAAAAAMuQ/B_5khYBY2o8LMF9uHSbB7e2XEdov1ucYgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3224.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Crimson Finch (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7Tn63lk3w8U/Wgzy0z9z9GI/AAAAAAAAMuY/Tr-TGP45LyURmDDo3_dum85geU9uams_wCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3260.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7Tn63lk3w8U/Wgzy0z9z9GI/AAAAAAAAMuY/Tr-TGP45LyURmDDo3_dum85geU9uams_wCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3260.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Crimson Finch (male)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X8qJ-ZVt9AA/WgzzO8tkiYI/AAAAAAAAMug/KzAXQ8_vf_wQcJ9HBHVK28G5bGWk6Q4DACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6040.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1081" data-original-width="1600" height="432" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X8qJ-ZVt9AA/WgzzO8tkiYI/AAAAAAAAMug/KzAXQ8_vf_wQcJ9HBHVK28G5bGWk6Q4DACLcBGAs/s640/B97P6040.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Whistling Kite</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WrIiWahm8Yg/WgzzWmhM7wI/AAAAAAAAMus/nXBzsabZNWUcqDEw8xG8SEGiTOJLyniRACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6124.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1215" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WrIiWahm8Yg/WgzzWmhM7wI/AAAAAAAAMus/nXBzsabZNWUcqDEw8xG8SEGiTOJLyniRACLcBGAs/s640/B97P6124.jpg" width="484" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black Kite</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hMnxE6nCtsE/WgzzVxsdEJI/AAAAAAAAMuo/4bKVlYOOpkYBa8uB6OdqOaMxRzNvDEqFQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6437.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="950" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hMnxE6nCtsE/WgzzVxsdEJI/AAAAAAAAMuo/4bKVlYOOpkYBa8uB6OdqOaMxRzNvDEqFQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6437.jpg" width="404" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-bellied Sea Eagle</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ivin1GtQoNw/WgzzhMR4wpI/AAAAAAAAMuw/kCj68J4gVdMypylxaSpt72N2X9t3QeKCQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1336" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ivin1GtQoNw/WgzzhMR4wpI/AAAAAAAAMuw/kCj68J4gVdMypylxaSpt72N2X9t3QeKCQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6202.jpg" width="570" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Forest Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7P7P8YuA-P8/WgzzlCd_m3I/AAAAAAAAMu0/7OBhj4aZo44QNoaeguCLD7YSg09ax5u2QCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6463.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7P7P8YuA-P8/WgzzlCd_m3I/AAAAAAAAMu0/7OBhj4aZo44QNoaeguCLD7YSg09ax5u2QCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6463.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Emerging Lotus flower</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bvCRa3r8__c/WgzzlM4tHCI/AAAAAAAAMu4/0wbkJVQCgBguMDKuYdKcGPRoAn-lkXhOACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6471.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bvCRa3r8__c/WgzzlM4tHCI/AAAAAAAAMu4/0wbkJVQCgBguMDKuYdKcGPRoAn-lkXhOACLcBGAs/s640/B97P6471.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Intermediate Egret</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n9nRMNEsRU0/Wgzzy6toJDI/AAAAAAAAMu8/1F4dNfdC_b83pn3OmHcxBws4Kybe9JvsQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6519.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n9nRMNEsRU0/Wgzzy6toJDI/AAAAAAAAMu8/1F4dNfdC_b83pn3OmHcxBws4Kybe9JvsQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6519.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wandering Whistling Duck</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5uPkjilK9jU/Wgzz3JKXfpI/AAAAAAAAMvE/vIay3vxG5QcysKdr2zNoWQfGJQ5EcZR1wCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6608.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5uPkjilK9jU/Wgzz3JKXfpI/AAAAAAAAMvE/vIay3vxG5QcysKdr2zNoWQfGJQ5EcZR1wCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6608.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Masked Lapwing</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mezZVkK_qpI/Wg1RvxpMKQI/AAAAAAAAM10/PzjyDNixNXknq5C8j5nmSv3JYy0ZOwalQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3341.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mezZVkK_qpI/Wg1RvxpMKQI/AAAAAAAAM10/PzjyDNixNXknq5C8j5nmSv3JYy0ZOwalQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3341.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Northern Water Dragon</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are warning signs at the entrance to the dam warning folk not to walk on the road on the dam. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It looked harmless enough....mostly.....but there was the odd 'lizard' warming itself.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Kakadu</span></b></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>The Kakadu wetlands were our next target. We stayed at the Crocodile Hotel at Jabiru. A comfortable hotel with courteous staff and reasonably good food. The town of Jabiru was developed by Rio Tinto Zinc in the early 1980s to accommodate workers at the newly opened, and controversial, Ranger uranium mine. The mine is in the process of closing and as part of the contract Rio Tinto must return the whole area to its original state by 2021. The tourist industry of the Northern Territories needs a base in the area. There is accommodation at nearby Cooinda.....which would have to be expanded. Several shops, including the popular bakery have already closed down in Jabiru.</o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>Corrobaree Billabong was another recommended place to view wildlife on the way to Jabiru.</o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are several boat operators offering cruises and self-drive boats at this location. However they were closing for the wet season and the boat hire hours are not friendly to nature photographers.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MKloQ0O6jy4/Wg6Fh4lYGXI/AAAAAAAAM44/1ury9I6M15Irt76OqU6Z4MDD4AqYi8MHQCLcBGAs/s1600/Nick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1119" data-original-width="1600" height="446" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MKloQ0O6jy4/Wg6Fh4lYGXI/AAAAAAAAM44/1ury9I6M15Irt76OqU6Z4MDD4AqYi8MHQCLcBGAs/s640/Nick.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Nick at the boat ramp at Corroboree Billabong</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>The Crocodile Hotel where we stayed at Jabiru is in the shape of a crocodile. </o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UHGlD7zwa8Y/Wg0EsUYA-eI/AAAAAAAAMyU/YAJSzcw419o7YsXZ7U7IZj6AZ5V5j8s9gCLcBGAs/s1600/817-374796.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="667" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UHGlD7zwa8Y/Wg0EsUYA-eI/AAAAAAAAMyU/YAJSzcw419o7YsXZ7U7IZj6AZ5V5j8s9gCLcBGAs/s640/817-374796.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>On the 240km journey dingoes, Agile Wallabies and the occasional upright-running Frill necked Lizard ran across the road. Whistling and Black Kites are in abundance feeding on roadkill or resting in trees.</o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e1KkT6CXD_4/Wg4yip-ZJdI/AAAAAAAAM3M/1DURmxypWCEpFG08vwcAraVr5fve-yy3gCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-11-17%2Bat%2B8.40.26%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="902" data-original-width="605" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e1KkT6CXD_4/Wg4yip-ZJdI/AAAAAAAAM3M/1DURmxypWCEpFG08vwcAraVr5fve-yy3gCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-11-17%2Bat%2B8.40.26%2BAM.png" width="428" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Frill-necked Lizard</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>There are a limited number of attractions accessible form Jabiru...a boat trip on Yellow Waters is a must do, there is sunset viewing at Ubirr and Noarlangie as well as Aboriginal Rock Art. Mamukala Billabong is an excellent place to view birds. It is best to visit Mamukala and Yellow waters at dawn. Somewhat surprisingly there is a Thai restaurant near Ubiir that serves very nice food. There is a colony of Flying Foxes across the road the restaurant.</o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b>Ubirr</b></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Across the road from the Thai restaurant is a colony of Black Flying Foxes that start to get restless in the late afternoon before flying off at dusk. This species is confined to the northern edge of Australia.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2uwV7dQvdmU/Wgz857WmvqI/AAAAAAAAMv8/U0Dgo8zTu2wdMhXj3FfBehYswQYT5IgOgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4122.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2uwV7dQvdmU/Wgz857WmvqI/AAAAAAAAMv8/U0Dgo8zTu2wdMhXj3FfBehYswQYT5IgOgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4122.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black Flying Fox</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2TxpBPP-vM4/Wg40WsDb_zI/AAAAAAAAM3Y/iyWmLgdg1RcMPhN7HKF8LDhATx1kx7gLwCLcBGAs/s1600/Black_Flying_Fox_area.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="684" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2TxpBPP-vM4/Wg40WsDb_zI/AAAAAAAAM3Y/iyWmLgdg1RcMPhN7HKF8LDhATx1kx7gLwCLcBGAs/s320/Black_Flying_Fox_area.png" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Distribution of the Black Flying Foxes</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qU0RfLHwAmE/Wgz7WfjVcbI/AAAAAAAAMvs/DhsnWORdRuEh3Umc1yYKV91WT-bHK4FBgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4138.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qU0RfLHwAmE/Wgz7WfjVcbI/AAAAAAAAMvs/DhsnWORdRuEh3Umc1yYKV91WT-bHK4FBgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4138.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Aboriginal Rock Art</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-epO_Q6gMI7I/Wgz7ip10htI/AAAAAAAAMvw/EAWEDTW_wcgPB-cJLzx0-wcVtecWLYDTwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4151.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1012" data-original-width="1600" height="404" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-epO_Q6gMI7I/Wgz7ip10htI/AAAAAAAAMvw/EAWEDTW_wcgPB-cJLzx0-wcVtecWLYDTwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4151.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ubirr</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>I and read of the spread of Cane Toads into the Northern Territories. Some misguided individuals had introduced cane toads into Queensland in 1935 in the hope of eradicated the cane beetle. The toads were inept at this control but very good a reproducing themselves and have subsequently spread down to New South Wales and threaten areas in Northern Western Australia. Cane toad s are native to South and Mainland Central America. I had not seen much evidence of them until I returned from Ubirr to Jabiru one evening when it was raining and Cane toads were everywhere on the wet road.</o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CpYNN4Sr6L4/WhAvD9KOTJI/AAAAAAAAM6k/nCSZlyLvnuADvfw5rvgACe-QHQ1otyq-gCLcBGAs/s1600/Canetoadfemale.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CpYNN4Sr6L4/WhAvD9KOTJI/AAAAAAAAM6k/nCSZlyLvnuADvfw5rvgACe-QHQ1otyq-gCLcBGAs/s640/Canetoadfemale.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Female Cane Toad</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>The map below shows the distribution of cane toads in 2008 and the projected distribution. A cane toad was found in Broome,WA in 2010.</o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LlK0u0-S9Y0/WhBY_lpUtyI/AAAAAAAAM60/5iHBn5W0qAM-VGOzVhL4vPSNKD6ImrDjgCLcBGAs/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LlK0u0-S9Y0/WhBY_lpUtyI/AAAAAAAAM60/5iHBn5W0qAM-VGOzVhL4vPSNKD6ImrDjgCLcBGAs/s640/maxresdefault.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b>Mamukala</b></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>Some 20 minutes drive from Jabiru is a well-positioned bird hide at Mamukala Billabong. A colourful sunrise adds impact to images here.</o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e8tuJ3VTO2E/Wgz92yCK-TI/AAAAAAAAMwI/uhhP_kL8gqwopDi7rPb9YLzU5iqH-SWTgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4378.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1140" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e8tuJ3VTO2E/Wgz92yCK-TI/AAAAAAAAMwI/uhhP_kL8gqwopDi7rPb9YLzU5iqH-SWTgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4378.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magpie Geese</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VPIO6ZLyT08/Wgz9upYklOI/AAAAAAAAMwE/YtnvUIH--Kgj3nu_LjbBj6A1T8vr3D-vwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4280.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VPIO6ZLyT08/Wgz9upYklOI/AAAAAAAAMwE/YtnvUIH--Kgj3nu_LjbBj6A1T8vr3D-vwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4280.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magpie Geese</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pK6KL_n7RyQ/Wgz-qWD8jhI/AAAAAAAAMwY/2AfhbnQzIXswyv-XhsviGhO5qTfoIfwKwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4537.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pK6KL_n7RyQ/Wgz-qWD8jhI/AAAAAAAAMwY/2AfhbnQzIXswyv-XhsviGhO5qTfoIfwKwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4537.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magpie Goose</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KDBqGuYzX30/Wgz-F3V5wfI/AAAAAAAAMwM/BvcwUxWQvKQbIq4O73syRAKC3WQQAWEFACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4624.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KDBqGuYzX30/Wgz-F3V5wfI/AAAAAAAAMwM/BvcwUxWQvKQbIq4O73syRAKC3WQQAWEFACLcBGAs/s640/B97P4624.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mamukala Billabong at dawn</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1Q8lD70_8uU/Wgz-KPmCP1I/AAAAAAAAMwQ/uSaLn9_05rQL11rpYTadNt4gFme6O6dgQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4642.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1Q8lD70_8uU/Wgz-KPmCP1I/AAAAAAAAMwQ/uSaLn9_05rQL11rpYTadNt4gFme6O6dgQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4642.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Purple Swamphen</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b>Yellow Waters</b></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>A boat trip on Yellow waters (Cooinda) is essential. The boat driver/guide was excellent in his narrative and in positioning the boat.</o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-krNIEoN7hM8/Wg0AAitVwhI/AAAAAAAAMwo/5UPJ-dqbFiU_BxqIBzHlQm6_m7dW5WPWQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3511.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="1600" height="406" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-krNIEoN7hM8/Wg0AAitVwhI/AAAAAAAAMwo/5UPJ-dqbFiU_BxqIBzHlQm6_m7dW5WPWQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3511.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BHeT42fVfe0/Wg0AZXtQmTI/AAAAAAAAMww/JE9INoW9fzEtTp-4vC1fNipOKjeeJwVcgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3556.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BHeT42fVfe0/Wg0AZXtQmTI/AAAAAAAAMww/JE9INoW9fzEtTp-4vC1fNipOKjeeJwVcgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3556.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wandering Whistling Ducks</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vgb8EZq1KsU/Wg0AlNLXDtI/AAAAAAAAMw4/UFm8h1BZgXMgvWTX3Xtf2sW9jcPYkUV5ACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3688.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vgb8EZq1KsU/Wg0AlNLXDtI/AAAAAAAAMw4/UFm8h1BZgXMgvWTX3Xtf2sW9jcPYkUV5ACLcBGAs/s640/B97P3688.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zLf_AjdvDc4/Wg0AdzoCaSI/AAAAAAAAMw0/UDHkEJhxdrgHg5TjgLK16qwjocu4WQbxACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3865.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zLf_AjdvDc4/Wg0AdzoCaSI/AAAAAAAAMw0/UDHkEJhxdrgHg5TjgLK16qwjocu4WQbxACLcBGAs/s640/B97P3865.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Azure Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fbgaWsKvL98/Wg0Aw94NcvI/AAAAAAAAMxE/WX6C34K_6Y0b74vib3YJnarjtEn1efVaQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4032.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fbgaWsKvL98/Wg0Aw94NcvI/AAAAAAAAMxE/WX6C34K_6Y0b74vib3YJnarjtEn1efVaQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4032.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-bellied Sea Eagle</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vV9gG_-UtJs/Wg0ArzqTdpI/AAAAAAAAMw8/vPCC5qht4o8FOdOVgrv-Wz7WQO_RmDvgACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3933.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="978" data-original-width="1600" height="390" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vV9gG_-UtJs/Wg0ArzqTdpI/AAAAAAAAMw8/vPCC5qht4o8FOdOVgrv-Wz7WQO_RmDvgACLcBGAs/s640/B97P3933.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-bellied Sea Eagle flight (composite)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xvhpPT7O_jc/Wg0BPFFm2gI/AAAAAAAAMxQ/UUJrcRh8YDgd4lYMS08Wy7jkt0zxqa5KQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3913.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xvhpPT7O_jc/Wg0BPFFm2gI/AAAAAAAAMxQ/UUJrcRh8YDgd4lYMS08Wy7jkt0zxqa5KQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3913.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-bellied Sea Eagle pair</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LZAYl6jBcqQ/Wg5ObZA3IuI/AAAAAAAAM4M/8id0r3yVtyctEJHh4niNAPp9mm0ELY25QCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P2756.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1208" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LZAYl6jBcqQ/Wg5ObZA3IuI/AAAAAAAAM4M/8id0r3yVtyctEJHh4niNAPp9mm0ELY25QCLcBGAs/s640/B97P2756.jpg" width="514" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pied Imperial Pigeon</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v5_nwxkVrwE/Wg5ONATWOyI/AAAAAAAAM4I/aIZ9ppD0keQLUdtNP_NCX2ZnU_fcKOYvQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3424.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1149" data-original-width="1600" height="458" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v5_nwxkVrwE/Wg5ONATWOyI/AAAAAAAAM4I/aIZ9ppD0keQLUdtNP_NCX2ZnU_fcKOYvQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3424.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brush Cuckoo</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s2H4ozfkRy8/Wg0BaFj-JBI/AAAAAAAAMxY/OFtOZOmG_n4Foze3vvBgFuhuV42NcWGdQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3975.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s2H4ozfkRy8/Wg0BaFj-JBI/AAAAAAAAMxY/OFtOZOmG_n4Foze3vvBgFuhuV42NcWGdQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P3975.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CgFWFKjv08s/Wg0CsSc9Y0I/AAAAAAAAMxs/MQVPNW-uwro9Jw1ejN7OVOdViL0zf0LzACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P3641.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CgFWFKjv08s/Wg0CsSc9Y0I/AAAAAAAAMxs/MQVPNW-uwro9Jw1ejN7OVOdViL0zf0LzACLcBGAs/s640/B97P3641.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Australian Darter</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ax1hPzv2BDY/Wg0C1_KFhII/AAAAAAAAMx0/VkGbGYI6bgoUvtRnQpBKm4pdDVvU9KTDwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4080.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ax1hPzv2BDY/Wg0C1_KFhII/AAAAAAAAMx0/VkGbGYI6bgoUvtRnQpBKm4pdDVvU9KTDwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4080.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cattle Egret with a frog</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T7EjeurZrBs/Wg0DFwkhrWI/AAAAAAAAMx4/LrM7ti_JBa0vQLchUFBN17NFNVvFiDyuACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6734.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T7EjeurZrBs/Wg0DFwkhrWI/AAAAAAAAMx4/LrM7ti_JBa0vQLchUFBN17NFNVvFiDyuACLcBGAs/s640/B97P6734.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black-necked Stork (Jabiru)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-avjuECsxh0c/Wg0DGBKMC_I/AAAAAAAAMx8/joiOfRpk3jw32Bm3DOq7JcSmHl8l1eb_wCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6760.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-avjuECsxh0c/Wg0DGBKMC_I/AAAAAAAAMx8/joiOfRpk3jw32Bm3DOq7JcSmHl8l1eb_wCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6760.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Night Heron</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_RW5xmPivEc/Wg0DL_KfvlI/AAAAAAAAMyA/1QPMLziLGPEREvaKan4JOvRrNdDfjKiTgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6812.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_RW5xmPivEc/Wg0DL_KfvlI/AAAAAAAAMyA/1QPMLziLGPEREvaKan4JOvRrNdDfjKiTgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6812.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Forest Kingfisher</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HJfYx48sggo/Wg0DWN25AKI/AAAAAAAAMyI/nD1YxfSc6ukBTVWXUVBUFq4LH0B1W-jRgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HJfYx48sggo/Wg0DWN25AKI/AAAAAAAAMyI/nD1YxfSc6ukBTVWXUVBUFq4LH0B1W-jRgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6851.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cattle Egret with his minder</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><b>Katherine and Pine Creek.</b></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p>We stayed one night at Katherine and explored the Nitmiluk Gorge and Donkey Camp weir without much luck. We found the Pine Creek Township area next day to be much more productive with various parrots feeding on fallen Mango fruit and a Great Bowerbird frequenting his bower.</o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_kElf09vj1M/Wg0ImlN5JyI/AAAAAAAAMyg/V21YNtqtj8g1SQY3qWq1khnju6dfP_OfACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4816.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_kElf09vj1M/Wg0ImlN5JyI/AAAAAAAAMyg/V21YNtqtj8g1SQY3qWq1khnju6dfP_OfACLcBGAs/s640/B97P4816.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aX9_00n8HqQ/Wg0Ioub_KJI/AAAAAAAAMyk/fxQAVhWveOQJd9-oBdaROESvHgKP9p2rQCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4831.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1020" data-original-width="1600" height="408" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aX9_00n8HqQ/Wg0Ioub_KJI/AAAAAAAAMyk/fxQAVhWveOQJd9-oBdaROESvHgKP9p2rQCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4831.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-winged Parrots</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A--CR_wJcTM/Wg0IrWUodBI/AAAAAAAAMyo/EH1a3IUHMvAWV9695XTV8h7PO0_E8rjbgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4884.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A--CR_wJcTM/Wg0IrWUodBI/AAAAAAAAMyo/EH1a3IUHMvAWV9695XTV8h7PO0_E8rjbgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4884.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-winged Parrot (female)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S5aewizN4bY/Wg0KbKQZh2I/AAAAAAAAMy0/eYB7_E4Jx_wf6KTI6E4lgV-HefpFSRBkQCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE0B10112559.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S5aewizN4bY/Wg0KbKQZh2I/AAAAAAAAMy0/eYB7_E4Jx_wf6KTI6E4lgV-HefpFSRBkQCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE0B10112559.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Great Bowerbird</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lfDSIpobsAM/Wg0Mh7eIuWI/AAAAAAAAMzA/RpD2YzX9pPUm_fxhCnb4T3vdcvXFQCQVwCLcBGAs/s1600/584800_Hooded_Parrot_0003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="617" data-original-width="733" height="538" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lfDSIpobsAM/Wg0Mh7eIuWI/AAAAAAAAMzA/RpD2YzX9pPUm_fxhCnb4T3vdcvXFQCQVwCLcBGAs/s640/584800_Hooded_Parrot_0003.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hooded Parrot</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lAmrRx7gtEo/Wg0NMOM58mI/AAAAAAAAMzI/9ydLKH90TZQYHWN553Y3VwUbtzlTQd5pACLcBGAs/s1600/hooded_parrot_psephotellus_dissimilis_distribution_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="155" data-original-width="220" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lAmrRx7gtEo/Wg0NMOM58mI/AAAAAAAAMzI/9ydLKH90TZQYHWN553Y3VwUbtzlTQd5pACLcBGAs/s1600/hooded_parrot_psephotellus_dissimilis_distribution_map.jpg" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At Pine Creek we also saw the elusive and turbo-charged Hooded Parrot. This species has a very limited distribution as shown. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Batchelor</b><b> and Litchfield Park</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We stayed 2 nights in comfortable cabins at a camping ground in Batchelor, which is a small, leafy town with a nice friendly pub. The proprietor of the camping ground fed the native birds in the morning and evening but generally the whole area seemed somewhat devoid of our feathered friends.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c57HDPcz3PI/Wg0O2oow-DI/AAAAAAAAMzY/gOd71dNP2roMTVJdNc9zBF6zd2v2idougCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P4988.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1600" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c57HDPcz3PI/Wg0O2oow-DI/AAAAAAAAMzY/gOd71dNP2roMTVJdNc9zBF6zd2v2idougCLcBGAs/s640/B97P4988.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rainbow Lorikeets</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Hg4HPnT8BhE/Wg0O2_aPzEI/AAAAAAAAMzc/HrWoB5JvRfwOH0juw72edK4BDEwR6qIqgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5048.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Hg4HPnT8BhE/Wg0O2_aPzEI/AAAAAAAAMzc/HrWoB5JvRfwOH0juw72edK4BDEwR6qIqgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5048.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jQxqbW5Vs3E/Wg0PO54tlYI/AAAAAAAAMzo/TQ88gQceZl85_WdouBiO2OLFJpFNtm0mwCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5170.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jQxqbW5Vs3E/Wg0PO54tlYI/AAAAAAAAMzo/TQ88gQceZl85_WdouBiO2OLFJpFNtm0mwCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5170.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q-PzsIs2k10/Wg1NGCWsLdI/AAAAAAAAM1E/7su3omzUB8wVLPB11B6dj79RMWbZMGKRgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5438.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q-PzsIs2k10/Wg1NGCWsLdI/AAAAAAAAM1E/7su3omzUB8wVLPB11B6dj79RMWbZMGKRgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P5438.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blue-faced Honeyeater (male)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BZ5PS90LhsQ/Wg0PBveiEFI/AAAAAAAAMzg/vHK_p0jD5U4iUSFalQu_1iCFAMvaafNEACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5101.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BZ5PS90LhsQ/Wg0PBveiEFI/AAAAAAAAMzg/vHK_p0jD5U4iUSFalQu_1iCFAMvaafNEACLcBGAs/s640/B97P5101.jpg" width="426" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blue-faced Honeyeater (female)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AVG7nNuC7ZY/Wg0QSiZS5jI/AAAAAAAAMz8/mTp1UToFe705whRdiwMw5FJrq3VXr2OCACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5348.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AVG7nNuC7ZY/Wg0QSiZS5jI/AAAAAAAAMz8/mTp1UToFe705whRdiwMw5FJrq3VXr2OCACLcBGAs/s640/B97P5348.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Galah</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Litchfield National Park</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The main features of Litchfield National Park are the magnetic termite mounds and several waterfalls.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The magnetic termite mounds are the home of <i>Amitermes meridionalis</i> which is a species of termite endemic to Northern Australia and the common name derives from the fact that the wedge-shaped mound is aligned with its main axis running north and south. A field of these mounds looks like a church graveyard.. The mounds may be 13 ft hight and 8ft wide and 12-20 inches through. Te nests are laterally flattened and are oriented so that they receive the warmth of the sun ion the eastern and western sides respectively in the morning and evening. The interior temperature remains relatively stable with high humidity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The magnetic termite mounds are laterally thin when seen from a northerly perspective as compared with the conventional mounds</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sTCbrH4uwHc/Wg0Pao484LI/AAAAAAAAMzw/CD_MK-Y_PLMfl50Kvhbe99RmddElpHZrACLcBGAs/s1600/B97P5286.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1140" data-original-width="1600" height="454" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sTCbrH4uwHc/Wg0Pao484LI/AAAAAAAAMzw/CD_MK-Y_PLMfl50Kvhbe99RmddElpHZrACLcBGAs/s640/B97P5286.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q0SHjGVi7Do/Wg1hTx0KyHI/AAAAAAAAM2g/YAJjANuFaoo4loVl3ECtTo3t9IUQtwo6gCLcBGAs/s1600/termite%2Bmounds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q0SHjGVi7Do/Wg1hTx0KyHI/AAAAAAAAM2g/YAJjANuFaoo4loVl3ECtTo3t9IUQtwo6gCLcBGAs/s640/termite%2Bmounds.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Non-magnetic Termite mounds</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Litchfield National Park is also renowned for its waterfalls and swimming holes. The falls depicted below are Florence Falls. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oDI62ZdWZYI/Wg1MHAdhu1I/AAAAAAAAM08/ZtBa_cT8HYY3yMRm7-yMpg7-aQXvDUN9ACEwYBhgL/s1600/B97P5324.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oDI62ZdWZYI/Wg1MHAdhu1I/AAAAAAAAM08/ZtBa_cT8HYY3yMRm7-yMpg7-aQXvDUN9ACEwYBhgL/s640/B97P5324.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Florence Falls</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WRErY3GFt_Y/Wg1MGB77L6I/AAAAAAAAM04/IT54zU1Q6LEy_RmJqL6DfpfW0PgJt83twCEwYBhgL/s1600/B97P5325.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WRErY3GFt_Y/Wg1MGB77L6I/AAAAAAAAM04/IT54zU1Q6LEy_RmJqL6DfpfW0PgJt83twCEwYBhgL/s640/B97P5325.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Back to Darwin and summary</span></b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The essential places to visit I found are Howard Springs, Fogg Dam, Yellow Waters, Mamakula Billabong and Pine Creek town parks.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Litchfield National Park and Batchelor are OK but a bit devoid of wildlife.The parks around Darwin were a bit dry but for some target species the services of a professional guide are desirable but of course these are an added expense. Again Laurie Ross has an excellent website with GPS locations where various bird species are found.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UQxeLlO-p7M/Wg1NxdZCetI/AAAAAAAAM1Q/diOJXWGZPa8jlws75id7MDR7BY_cgl-qgCLcBGAs/s1600/B97P6956-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1071" data-original-width="1600" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UQxeLlO-p7M/Wg1NxdZCetI/AAAAAAAAM1Q/diOJXWGZPa8jlws75id7MDR7BY_cgl-qgCLcBGAs/s640/B97P6956-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sunset at Cullen Bay</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are two species which would be on my target list next time I visit.....these are Gouldian Finches and Rainbow Pittas. Both of these species are thinly distributed as shown below but centred essentially around Darwin. (Library images used)</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--AMJZueGL2Y/Wg6QpVEG0WI/AAAAAAAAM5o/PEBUtaizgbceprQz_vfmsjTHMnMeEIXvACLcBGAs/s1600/Gouldian-finch1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="753" height="424" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--AMJZueGL2Y/Wg6QpVEG0WI/AAAAAAAAM5o/PEBUtaizgbceprQz_vfmsjTHMnMeEIXvACLcBGAs/s640/Gouldian-finch1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gouldian Finches and their distribution</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zP8kNRa08C4/Wg6TO-Y0H9I/AAAAAAAAM58/N87axaRw6bgRPcO5eMvJCUAk3ebTsMekACLcBGAs/s1600/Gouldian_Finch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="747" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zP8kNRa08C4/Wg6TO-Y0H9I/AAAAAAAAM58/N87axaRw6bgRPcO5eMvJCUAk3ebTsMekACLcBGAs/s640/Gouldian_Finch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fbF6HyoaYLY/Wg6Q3x3LRnI/AAAAAAAAM5s/5EYk_m8jDro8tyOAf0lqB8K9U3-jF7v6wCLcBGAs/s1600/37d7026b76c25541f776d9224309933c--olive-green-black-heads.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="505" data-original-width="736" height="439" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fbF6HyoaYLY/Wg6Q3x3LRnI/AAAAAAAAM5s/5EYk_m8jDro8tyOAf0lqB8K9U3-jF7v6wCLcBGAs/s640/37d7026b76c25541f776d9224309933c--olive-green-black-heads.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rainbow Pitta and Australian distribution</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8iTbRRBA8GQ/Wg6Q_ulJl7I/AAAAAAAAM5w/XW-nDjzVBdgwBtqpIswIa7_NLr1JGpIIACLcBGAs/s1600/6256.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8iTbRRBA8GQ/Wg6Q_ulJl7I/AAAAAAAAM5w/XW-nDjzVBdgwBtqpIswIa7_NLr1JGpIIACLcBGAs/s1600/6256.png" /></a></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-25652556207087237432017-10-11T18:26:00.000-07:002017-10-15T22:11:59.028-07:00Understanding House Crows (Corvus splendens)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species; <i>Corvus
splendens</i><u><o:p></o:p></u></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Malay: Gagak Rumah</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Africa: Kunguru<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">South Africa:
Huiskraai<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Australia: Ceylon
crow, Colombo Crow<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Summary of their distribution can be found here; http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/15463</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>Description:</b> 16 inches (40 cm) in length, the
forehead, crown throat and upper breast are a rich glossy black, whilst the
neck and breast are a lighter grey-brown in colour. The wings, tail and legs
are black<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">House crows are omnivorous scavengers which
enables them to thrive in association with humans. They are no known house crow
populations living independently of humans.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GDxpHwJTZ5Q/WdxTRDZCQfI/AAAAAAAAMfA/O_WplNvNDwYlbkc7lyYDCBw2mKUwdC1hgCLcBGAs/s1600/House_Crow_in_Kolkata.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GDxpHwJTZ5Q/WdxTRDZCQfI/AAAAAAAAMfA/O_WplNvNDwYlbkc7lyYDCBw2mKUwdC1hgCLcBGAs/s640/House_Crow_in_Kolkata.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Diet;</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> House crow feed largely on refuse
around human habitations, small reptiles, insects, small invertebrates, eggs,
nestlings, grain and fruit. They are highly opportunistic and thrive on nearly
anything that is edible. They have also been observed to eat sand after feeding
on carcasses. We live on a coastal estate and a population of crows living
along the waterfront have been seen hovering over the water and bring ashore
live small fish. House Crows live fishing has been reported from Singapore; <a href="http://www.besgroup.org/2006/10/23/a-house-crow-went-fishing/">here</a>. My nature photography colleague obtained similar shots of House crows in Penang coming ashore with live fish in their bills.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #cc0000; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>The following two images were taken by my friend Simon.</i></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t5shirnkUeY/WdxbwapSGyI/AAAAAAAAMgM/-fKh85-CiyYYADCKqK9XR1E9GcP1EdzPQCLcBGAs/s1600/CrowH-toad-LilianSng-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="590" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t5shirnkUeY/WdxbwapSGyI/AAAAAAAAMgM/-fKh85-CiyYYADCKqK9XR1E9GcP1EdzPQCLcBGAs/s640/CrowH-toad-LilianSng-2.jpg" width="580" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">House crow with a toad</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WUtKg_DOOxc/WdxbydDRvDI/AAAAAAAAMgQ/3mqzDEhpHEA2lm5rLw-vg3BAbQntVhe1QCLcBGAs/s1600/house_crow_with_a_dead_nightjar859.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="650" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WUtKg_DOOxc/WdxbydDRvDI/AAAAAAAAMgQ/3mqzDEhpHEA2lm5rLw-vg3BAbQntVhe1QCLcBGAs/s640/house_crow_with_a_dead_nightjar859.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Crow with a dead Nightjar</span></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nesting</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">: Crows lay 3 to 5 eggs in a typical
stick nest and occasionally there are several nests in the same tree. In South
Asia they are parasitized from the Asian Koel. Peak breeding in India as well
as Peninsula Malaysia is from April to July.</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uFsRIjCeUPI/WdxZwuP8XqI/AAAAAAAAMf8/9ruHd0Ttyv4qMFNljmPw7LQtFZtVlbvfACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-10-09%2Bat%2B11.50.59%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="349" data-original-width="537" height="414" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uFsRIjCeUPI/WdxZwuP8XqI/AAAAAAAAMf8/9ruHd0Ttyv4qMFNljmPw7LQtFZtVlbvfACLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-10-09%2Bat%2B11.50.59%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Female House Crow feeding a Koel chick</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Roosting:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> House crows prefer to roost
communally near human habitations and often over busy streets, Studies in
Singapore found the preferred roosting sites were in well-lit areas with a lot
of human activity, close to food sources and in tall trees with dense crowns
that were separated from other trees.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Voice</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">; The voice is a harsh kaaw-kaaw<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Group name</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">: murder, horde, storytelling,
parcel, muster<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Intelligence:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Recent cognitive studies are summarised in the
following article which is accompanied by a video of some experiments; </span><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2590046/Crows-intelligent-CHILDREN-Study-reveals-birds-intelligence-seven-year-old.html">here</a> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">These experiments employ New Caledonian crows which are at the top of the crow
intelligence heap. Other stories of how this species has profound intelligence
are plentiful and legendary. The four groups that have the highest brain to
body size are humans/primates, dolphins and in the avian world; crows and
parrots.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Behavioural biologists have called the crow ‘feathered
primates’ because the birds make and use tools, are able to remember large
numbers of feeding sites and plan their social behaviour according to what other
members of the group do. Scientists in Tubingen located their cognitive ability
to activation of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nidopallium caudolaterale</i>,
a brain region associated with the highest level of cognition in birds. Crows
and primates have different brains, but the cells regulating decision-making
are very similar. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">To summarise what smart crows can do;<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">They
can remember your face<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">They
conspire with one another. Crows have been shown to pass on knowledge to other
crows by language alone.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Memory
Crows passed over a farming town in Chatham, Ontario on a mass route. Being a
farming community the crows did some damage with crops. The mayor of the town
declared war and several crows were shot. For a number of following years the
crows only flew over Chatham at a high altitude and did not stop there.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> They use tools and are adept at problem solving (look at the videos of the New
Caledonian crows)<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">They
plan. Like squirrels they hide food especially from other crows. They use all
sorts of subterfuge to accomplish this.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Adaptive behaviour. Crows pay attention to how the human world works and often use it to
their advantage. Some have been observed cracking walnuts by dropping them from
the exact height that is needed to bust them open. Others use cars to crack
them open and memorise traffic light sequences so it is safer to pick up the food.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Crows generally have a diverse reputation from
being wise and foretelling the future to being pests that are hunted. House
crows are such a common sight in Asia that they could be easily overlooked if
they were not so loud and such poop machines. While they are known as loud and aggressive
birds they carry the illustrious scientific name of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Corvus spendens</i>. House crows raid rubbish bins, food crops and will
enter houses to steal dog food from their bowls. In our housing estate, they
were targeted to be shot to reduce numbers but his is a fool’s errand because
you are dealing with a very intelligent bird. Shooters were targeting crow
populations in the Chinese Gardens in Singapore. The official cars were recognised
by the crows on the second visit and they subsequently the area until the danger was over.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When perceived as a nuisance, human being
humans resort to trapping and shooting as our main strategies to control or
destroy these birds after they have arrived. Whilst satisfying to the zit-faced
gun-toters in the crowd, these knee-jerk methods are ineffective because we simultaneously
insist on neglecting our rubbish……which is the main reason this species loves
us so: we are extraordinarily filthy and wasteful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">House crows are the most successful invasive
species within the Corvus genus of birds. Their native homes are found mainly
in South Asia, including Sri Lanka, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. They have
spread beyond those native regions to more than 20 countries. Although
considered a tropical species, they can be found as far away as the
Netherlands. If found in Australia they are to be reported immediately to the
agricultural authorities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A recent study by Krzeminska <i>et al</i> from Monash
University looked at the DNA samples from house crows from Malaysia and Singapore
and smaller samples from Kenya and South Africa to investigate their origins
and genetic diversity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">DNA samples were collected from crow’s liver
tissue, feathers and blood. The Malaysian samples came from two densely populated
areas, Selangor and Penang. Two markers were analysed; nuclear micro-satellite
and mitochondrial DNA to make some assumptions on genetic diversity. Another aim
was to determine the origins of current crow populations in Malaysia and
Singapore.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xI_71qFU6Nk/WdyBkaaSVGI/AAAAAAAAMhE/Ll8OILCEFSkJK2pzF-89mLnwgNOTj5YaACLcBGAs/s1600/Ports.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1434" data-original-width="1309" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xI_71qFU6Nk/WdyBkaaSVGI/AAAAAAAAMhE/Ll8OILCEFSkJK2pzF-89mLnwgNOTj5YaACLcBGAs/s640/Ports.jpg" width="584" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Samples were taken from Penang, Port Klang and Singapore (as indicated)</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The results affirm that house crows in Selangor,
Malaysia, may have been introduced form Sri Lanka over 100 years ago. There are
records stating that 56 house crows were imported from Sri Lanka to Port Klang
in the 1890s. These crows may have been imported to prevent caterpillar plagues
and/or reduce human waste.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The crows in Penang and Singapore most likely
have been introduced from multiple sources outside of Malaysia. The crows from
Singapore may have originated from Bangladesh or its neighbouring countries.
The study concluded that house crows could have spread from South Asia over the
past 100 years by hitchhiking on ocean-going ships. The house crows of Penang
and Singapore had unexpectedly high levels of genetic diversity which makes
sense as Penang and Singapore are busy Port cities.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>Mobbing behaviour</b></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mobbing is a defence response to a perceived threat form a predatory bird. House crows have few predators but are aggressive birds that are fiercely territorial. A raptor is seen as a potential threat to the crow, its young and the territory. Mobbing usually involves more that one bird in pursuit of targets....usually birds of prey. Mobbing rarely escalates into physical confrontation which could be damaging to the birds involved. Birds or prey have superior weaponry but crows are ruffians who could inflict damage to a bird that hunts for a living.</span><br />
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r8Qa-HoUzuw/WdyCPjkJ_zI/AAAAAAAAMhM/eYflLAFhAyQQKEmeekYIdUtN6Na0mKbKwCLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE03180F1C18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r8Qa-HoUzuw/WdyCPjkJ_zI/AAAAAAAAMhM/eYflLAFhAyQQKEmeekYIdUtN6Na0mKbKwCLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE03180F1C18.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">House Crow mobbing a Crested Serpent Eagle, Byram, Penang</span></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">My
experience with House Crows.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Okay they are not the most photogenic bird and
I have few images in my collection. We have quite a number of our estate at
Seri Tanjung Pinang and local housing committees have decided to shoot them in
conjunction with the Penang Rifle Association. A stupid decision on two counts;
shooting firearms in a housing estate is fraught with dangers and the crows
will always win…….they are smarter than the committees who persecute them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have saved a crow struggling from a tree
while entangled in fishing line. I have rescued a stunned juvenile who may have
been hit by a car. It flew off later that evening. My latest venture started
almost 5 weeks ago when tree pruners were chopping down branches in the street
behind our home. My wife returning from the supermarket reported two baby birds
stunned and injured on the footpath. I recovered both birds and placed them in
a glass tank. One was clearly older than the other and the younger one could
have had a broken wing. The older one survived the night but its sibling died.
I was at a bit of a loss to know what the chick might eat. Being omnivorous
it could be anything. It ate a few strands of minced beef.</span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u14pjSvC5XA/WdxYV__GrNI/AAAAAAAAMfs/suJ-8WuFrTcOvHN66DBv1COAEbOW1gWYwCLcBGAs/s1600/21730997_1486455354803696_6872571263655619530_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u14pjSvC5XA/WdxYV__GrNI/AAAAAAAAMfs/suJ-8WuFrTcOvHN66DBv1COAEbOW1gWYwCLcBGAs/s640/21730997_1486455354803696_6872571263655619530_n.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">…..so I went to the
supermarket for inspiration. There I found chicken livers that were soft....and cheap. I
cut them into small strands and the surviving chick never looked back. It is
like feeding a human baby……….every few hours the demand for food is there. The
chick made good progress…it grew noticeably. At night, I would cover the tank.
The wings started flapping and the youngster became more alert and demanding. The
crow and Coco, our female Toy Poodle, seemed to have their own communication.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VRuD_q2DjQE/WdxV6LyHn1I/AAAAAAAAMfQ/R4fZmsrmI9cx5W1NCZLOSwfg1MDS0bOwACLcBGAs/s1600/Cokey%2Band%2Bthe%2Bcrow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1117" data-original-width="1600" height="446" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VRuD_q2DjQE/WdxV6LyHn1I/AAAAAAAAMfQ/R4fZmsrmI9cx5W1NCZLOSwfg1MDS0bOwACLcBGAs/s640/Cokey%2Band%2Bthe%2Bcrow.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We noticed the chick became very active at dusk
and would try to get out of the tank. I covered it at night for its own
protection but when I left the lid off it would fly briefly to the side of the
tank and perch there the night………now indoors, as there are many cats in the neighborhood.
The chick was now able to get out of the tank in the morning and hop around
outside……..under my supervision. I could not find the chick, on one occasion,
for some time until I found a smug-looking cat sitting 3 feet away from the
chick which was unharmed by the front door.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I estimated the chick was about 2 weeks old
when I found it…..leaving the tank possibly coincided with it fledging…….which
is around 28 days from hatching. It would be vulnerable for the next two weeks
during which period the parents would continue to feed it.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Dr2kRipUoSI/WdyFkxqz7bI/AAAAAAAAMhU/tsfqrP7-I9ILHmomDfTZT-TiK-vWBMqtwCLcBGAs/s1600/AXHXZjZLsJ_House%2BCrow_0095.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="1200" height="362" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Dr2kRipUoSI/WdyFkxqz7bI/AAAAAAAAMhU/tsfqrP7-I9ILHmomDfTZT-TiK-vWBMqtwCLcBGAs/s640/AXHXZjZLsJ_House%2BCrow_0095.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My next goal was to encourage the chick to fly.
Its wings were now well-formed except for a missing primary feather or two on
its right wing. It also seemed to have lost a toe in its encounter with the tree
butchers.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To this end I did not hand feed the chick but placed
food where it could find it on perches. I employed perches of various heights
and an upside-down stool with different rung heights. Learning was rapid and after a few days the chick could fly
20-30 feet. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Crow chick could recognise my voice and my face. since I was the food provider. It did not respond at all to my wife. It would let me pick it up and seemed keen to sit on my arm or shoulder. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">From 4-5 weeks after rescue the
crow was free to fly and forage. It would sometimes fly up on the neighbours
roof and let me know where it was. By some strange instinct it found out where
my study was and seems to know when I am in residence even with wooden venetian
blinds hiding my presence. It called for food 3-4 times a day but appeared to
eat less. On the 27th night it survived a stormy night perched in the open.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q_M1TYpm4j4/WdxZR065IsI/AAAAAAAAMf0/vvJ2EiEfFlcwKjuEbPJPgHTW_-7E5iuVQCLcBGAs/s1600/wet%2Bcrow-1400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="897" data-original-width="1400" height="410" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q_M1TYpm4j4/WdxZR065IsI/AAAAAAAAMf0/vvJ2EiEfFlcwKjuEbPJPgHTW_-7E5iuVQCLcBGAs/s640/wet%2Bcrow-1400.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are many crows along the
promenade of our estate and they sometimes dive-bomb Coco. There is no malice
in this action and it seems there are always some rascals in a group who will
push the boundaries.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> On day 28 post-rescue I estimated this was the time that the crow chicks in the wild would not require their parents feeding them. The fledged chick was roosting nearby during the night, stopped for some breakfast and then disappeared. At around 5pm it came down from the neighbours roof and was really hungry. I took my camera out to take a shot and it landed on the camera. When I went inside to get the liver it landed on my back...telling me how hungry it was directly into my ear.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At approximAtely six weeks since hatching it had become a handsome bird.......with a loud voice at meal-times</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>A video showing the raising of the crow chick can be seen <a href="https://vimeo.com/238272557">HERE</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i style="background-color: white;">I have limited House Crow pictures and have taken some from the internet to illustrate various points</i></span></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-16671011955332199012017-07-25T17:20:00.002-07:002017-07-25T17:22:21.004-07:00Here comes the judge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This article does not have a great relevance to
Malaysian Wildlife but I know a number of Malaysian-based photographers enter
their works in photographic salons under the patronage of PSA or FIAP and
organized in a variety of different countries. I have participated in a number
of these over the years and will give my views on these. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The reason photographers enter images in these
salons is to gain acceptance points for so-called photographic honours that are
awarded by the aforesaid institutions. What are the pro and cons of entering images
in these events.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pros</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">You
can improve your photography by seeing what images are accepted and winning
awards. It is a quick learning process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">You
can flaunt your honours to your friends. Seriously the more you stand-out the
more doors will open, including being invited to judge or to give talks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Cons<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It
is quite expensive to enter these salons. The price per entry of 4 images to
one salon ranges from US$7 to a greedy US$25. To get some of the higher honours
it will cost you thousands of dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You have to have talent but the question to answer is: are you actually buying
your honours?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UTDr-XBz7q8/WXfRSpZpXTI/AAAAAAAALNk/HLvbtD9T3yg5NoS50HMIImU9fNOslMMjgCLcBGAs/s1600/56926bbc22fca909aedfda158158a1b8--scrooge-mcduck-internet-seo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="344" data-original-width="423" height="260" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UTDr-XBz7q8/WXfRSpZpXTI/AAAAAAAALNk/HLvbtD9T3yg5NoS50HMIImU9fNOslMMjgCLcBGAs/s320/56926bbc22fca909aedfda158158a1b8--scrooge-mcduck-internet-seo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Some
of the judging will leave you bewildered and perplexed and possibly dispirited
(more about that later)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A
number of anomalies exist in the increasing verbose rules concerning nature photography delivered by the two
major administration bodies. For instance, you are allowed to shoot animals in
zoos, birds glued to branches, butterflies removed from a fridge but shift one
pixel and lightening will strike you down.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UNTxSdquNq8/WXfXWWgXaaI/AAAAAAAALN8/f1zvAOFBgLs8q0Y5RnOHR7eGC-Axb_zgACLcBGAs/s1600/polar-vortex-butterfly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="277" data-original-width="264" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UNTxSdquNq8/WXfXWWgXaaI/AAAAAAAALN8/f1zvAOFBgLs8q0Y5RnOHR7eGC-Axb_zgACLcBGAs/s1600/polar-vortex-butterfly.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In
recent years a number of salons have been organized by profit-making companies…and
those in some countries have been boosted by a change in honours rules that
require a number of different countries to be included.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_G6ftUV9nwQ/WXfTIbfxZFI/AAAAAAAALN0/9VnTOQ3hpjo01kgHvUe_sLRyO2rml6KqgCLcBGAs/s1600/5856660723_ef2b89a8e6_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_G6ftUV9nwQ/WXfTIbfxZFI/AAAAAAAALN0/9VnTOQ3hpjo01kgHvUe_sLRyO2rml6KqgCLcBGAs/s640/5856660723_ef2b89a8e6_b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Allowing
Zoo and Game farm shooting. This was previously not allowed. It is rather perverse
to see images of Snow Leopards where the photographer has never been to Tibet
to record them in their native habitat. Likewise it is almost impossible to get
a clear shot of a wild wolf…but easy at game farms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w3zLW2PcQBU/WXfSYARs5NI/AAAAAAAALNw/zes4dBk-SbEPG98NRI50QLQ81ag7P3LjgCLcBGAs/s1600/zoo-photography04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w3zLW2PcQBU/WXfSYARs5NI/AAAAAAAALNw/zes4dBk-SbEPG98NRI50QLQ81ag7P3LjgCLcBGAs/s640/zoo-photography04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MREFRDXk36I/WXffz6icE1I/AAAAAAAALOU/3B1HQIzYbOw8rQWleBKoo4P4E83TsXK-wCLcBGAs/s1600/snow-leopard-and-cub.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="960" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MREFRDXk36I/WXffz6icE1I/AAAAAAAALOU/3B1HQIzYbOw8rQWleBKoo4P4E83TsXK-wCLcBGAs/s640/snow-leopard-and-cub.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>Snow Leopards are found naturally in hard to reach places but easy to photograph in game farms</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">While #1 Pro is very valid you can see that
there are more negatives on the balance sheet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Overview<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have been, or am a member of PSA, APS, and
PSNZ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the respective Australian.
American and New Zealand photographic societies. These institutions founded in
the film days are all bleeding members profusely. Young folks are just not interested
and social media is essentially killing off these bodies. They are run by narrow-minded grouchy old folks. I know a number of good young
photographers who have 200-500 ‘friends’ on Facebook and get their satisfaction
from friends telling them how stellar their images are. This is fine….whatever
rings your bell. I might add you are not comparing yourself with others and
will likely not improve your images if you continue down this path.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are of course higher niches for your
nature images. There are several major prestigious competitions each year run
by ANZANG (for images from New Zealand, New Guinea and Australia) and the
British-based wildlife photographer of the year, which used to be run by BBC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hang
the judge<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We all like to grizzle about judge’s decision
either in legal courts, when John McEnroe played tennis or during ice-skating
events. I might add at this point in nature photography in the long run the
best images will pull through but some odd things happen in the meantime.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The main problem with Nature photography judges
is that they are usually good photographers themselves but have little
knowledge about the natural world. It is like asking a skilled cabinet-maker to
do brain surgery because he is good with his hands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The other strange thing is that titles are not
read out at the time of judging. For instance images of Bowerbirds displaying
hardly ever go down well with salon judges…….why?.......simply because they
have no idea what is happening. The same goes for displaying Victoria's Riflebirds. Also if you took a technically good shot of the
rarest bird in the world……..if it was black or brown….it would be rejected.
Why? Because the judge has no idea that this is a rare bird and you are not
allowed to tell him or her. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>Below are images of a Greater, Satin and Golden Bowerbird decorating their respective bowers ....complex behaviour not appreciated by judges.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FcNYCSYftCI/WXfCKBGNw5I/AAAAAAAALME/uJPO__lC_mAv8VF8lc53YVncwoGqahsOACLcBGAs/s1600/DPP07DE0B130F1626.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FcNYCSYftCI/WXfCKBGNw5I/AAAAAAAALME/uJPO__lC_mAv8VF8lc53YVncwoGqahsOACLcBGAs/s640/DPP07DE0B130F1626.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>Above Is a displaying male Victoria's Riflebird which difficult to get but is not appreciated by most judges.</i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I have judged in some large salons and images
come at you very fast and you have about 5 seconds to score them on some
keyboard in a darkened room. It seems at times like an aerial dog (or eagle) fight where challenges come at you from all sides. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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There are usually three judges and the pass mark for the entered images is fixed so an arbitrary percentage (usually around 30%) scores in the acceptance zone.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">What particularly annoys me is when an image
with an excellent record gets inexplicably rejected. It means that one, two or
three judges think totally different from the last 100 or so judges. While I
believe this is likely to happen with various art forms it really should not
happen with a nature image………..in my opinion. Of course, individual judges may
have some bias but this should be equalised by the other 2 judges.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This image was entered in 52 Salons with 4 honours and 5 medals. It was deemed unacceptable in one salon</span></i></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8n6DAIFly4M/WXfFyq0frDI/AAAAAAAALMc/KFaJynoOaNYrP_TQk_f7PO0juJHr_w3YACLcBGAs/s1600/Rainbow%2BBee-eaters%2Bnest%2Bfeeding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8n6DAIFly4M/WXfFyq0frDI/AAAAAAAALMc/KFaJynoOaNYrP_TQk_f7PO0juJHr_w3YACLcBGAs/s640/Rainbow%2BBee-eaters%2Bnest%2Bfeeding.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Rainbow Bee-eaters; In one 3 salon circuit this image scored 22 and was accepted and 14 and was rejected....a huge difference of 8 points. The acceptance score was 18 in each case.</i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Expert
opinion needed<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are unfortunately a number of ploys used
by nature photographers to get ‘the shot’ that contravenes the laws of nature
and sometimes the laws of the land. A good judge will spot these a mile off.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Butterfly
staging. Newly emerged butterflies will remain still for hours while they
prepare themselves for a brief aerial life. Several well-known nature
photographers will take advantage of this by purchasing pupae and doing a
studio set-up when the butterfly emerges. A good clue on butterfly shots is the
disposition of the proboscis……if a butterfly lands on a flower to feed the
proboscis will be unfurled. Actually, most butterflies feed from flowers while
still flying.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-814Q5vPCJ_s/WXfIE8lIaUI/AAAAAAAALMo/G3qWc2pdwrgIvhCBEnahKdnENjxzd5BpgCLcBGAs/s1600/Malay%2BLacewing%2Bbutterfly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="669" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-814Q5vPCJ_s/WXfIE8lIaUI/AAAAAAAALMo/G3qWc2pdwrgIvhCBEnahKdnENjxzd5BpgCLcBGAs/s640/Malay%2BLacewing%2Bbutterfly.jpg" width="418" /></a></div>
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<i>Malay Lacewing....where is the proboscis?</i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bird
gluing. A reprehensible act where chicks being fed in the nest by parents are
arranged in a line along an adjacent branch with the aid of adhesives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jfb0hDMt880/WXfRjjz1Y8I/AAAAAAAALNo/Z-uXNFt8VCUmzPRb53EfqGhoDM9b-TKigCLcBGAs/s1600/anh_fktc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="443" data-original-width="665" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jfb0hDMt880/WXfRjjz1Y8I/AAAAAAAALNo/Z-uXNFt8VCUmzPRb53EfqGhoDM9b-TKigCLcBGAs/s640/anh_fktc.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nest
rearranging. There is documentation of a whole branch being sawn off and put in
an adjacent location where photographers can recline in chairs and get a clear
feeding shot. A slightly lesser crime is cutting branches around a nest for a
clearer shot. Of course this exposes the nest to predators.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pumping
and tethering. There have been recent cases recorded in Singapore of tethering chicks
from a ground nest for better images and putting inflatable material in a fish
so it will float for shots of a raptor attack. Both perpetrators were caught
and fined.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Literally shooting
the subject. I was judging at one International event and a contending image
for an award was an aggressive looking, sand-dwelling lizard. One expert
informed the panel that more than likely an air gun was used to startle the
creature before the shot was fired.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Locational
bias<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Smart exhibitors should have done their homework.
In Britain photography at nesting sites is banned or frowned upon, therefore nesting
shots will not be very welcome in British Salons. Also, despite their ancestors
writing the Kama Sutra Indian judges are not very welcoming of mating shots. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>Nesting shots; A no-no in Britain</i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>Mating shots; Banned in Bangalore</i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There is also a general style difference between
British Nature photographers and their US counterparts. In Britain, they tend
to go for more environmental shots showing the bird or animal in their habitat
where US photographers tend to isolate the subject against a milky smooth
background. I have also observed recently that Chinese judges tend to favour
images that look like a Chinese painting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SFu2S38V5pM/WXfKhMm1JsI/AAAAAAAALNI/RdRn1Ob-09o0VKcaYmo2r-YDwdkre6wyACLcBGAs/s1600/8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SFu2S38V5pM/WXfKhMm1JsI/AAAAAAAALNI/RdRn1Ob-09o0VKcaYmo2r-YDwdkre6wyACLcBGAs/s640/8.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5X0Q0wNlbbU/WXfKexJBxqI/AAAAAAAALNE/pop5k6nVoz8oe0lMvu-Zsm3mOCeW5xgtQCLcBGAs/s1600/Albatross%2Band%2Bchick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="928" data-original-width="1400" height="424" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5X0Q0wNlbbU/WXfKexJBxqI/AAAAAAAALNE/pop5k6nVoz8oe0lMvu-Zsm3mOCeW5xgtQCLcBGAs/s640/Albatross%2Band%2Bchick.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Environmental images</i></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_BbuUgSpLS8/WXfKkmXrl_I/AAAAAAAALNM/W2OHiTH59dgIZ_z3E1bq8bWmSJUkayNWQCLcBGAs/s1600/12c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_BbuUgSpLS8/WXfKkmXrl_I/AAAAAAAALNM/W2OHiTH59dgIZ_z3E1bq8bWmSJUkayNWQCLcBGAs/s640/12c.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p3XibGC0W1o/WXfKn9_SxCI/AAAAAAAALNQ/19PdXj-sNiAm95PKJbApIiUXF_L4QnRRwCLcBGAs/s1600/12d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p3XibGC0W1o/WXfKn9_SxCI/AAAAAAAALNQ/19PdXj-sNiAm95PKJbApIiUXF_L4QnRRwCLcBGAs/s640/12d.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i> Isolated subjects with a smooth, blurred background</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Ignorance</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Shots of Yellow-eyed Penguins rarely get accepted. They nest under coastal shrubs in Southern New Zealand. Come on...penguins nest on ice in the Antarctic with blue-hued ice in the background. Actually only 6 of the 17-19 major species of penguins nest on the Antarctic Ice and snow.</div>
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<i>Yellow-eyed Penguins nest under bushes while only 6 of the 17-19 species nest on the Antarctic ice and snow.</i></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-89333585161595797522017-05-04T15:33:00.000-07:002017-05-04T15:33:06.434-07:00Kingfisher 2017; a story of survival<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Penanti Pete</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">White-throated Kingfishers are relatively common in Malaysia and Singapore but like most birds are wary of human, and wisely so. Over the last 5 years I have formed a sort of relationship with a male White-throated Kingfisher whose base is a motocross track on mainland Penang. I think it the same bird as his behaviour would suggest although their lifespan is reported to be 8 years. Individuals have a different distribution of the white feathers on their bellies but this also changes on a day to day basis....depending a lot on weather conditions. We will call him Penanti Pete...or just Pete. Pete has had three partners that I know of. When I first met him his partner had toes missing and was easy to identify but was not very photogenic. The next year his new partner was the Elizabeth Taylor of female Kingfishers. She was beautiful with clean vibrant colours. That is her below. She was somewhat naive when they first paired up and was not the best hunter but she really stepped up and in the next few seasons raised broods of 3 and 5 chicks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At the end of 2016 and the beginning of 2017 Pete had a new partner. She was not the stunning beauty of partner #2 but she became a good partner. She had a characteristic white eyebrow above each eye....often found in fledged chicks. Was Pete robbing the cradle? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>This was Pete's new partner with the characteristic white eyebrow.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pete likes to sit at the top of a large central tree in his domain. From there he can see the tiny movements of prey on the ground below. He can also assess if there are rivals in his domain</span>.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The courting with his new partner occured through January and February of 2017. </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">The species signal to each other by flashing the wings. This is done over a distance, when passing by and on arrival.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Below is an image of the couple together with the female below the male. Pete was very attentive and flew on many sorties to bring her edible gifts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The gifts were often a prelude to mating and this occurred multiple time in various locations from 7th to the 21st of February.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pete was more attentive than ever and brought gifts to his partner while she was in the egg-laying phase.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When Pete caught something he would take it to her and call her to come and get it. The exchange was very rapid.....the lizard is about to be handed over in the image below.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The pair usually scout out potential nesting holes in the months before the eggs are laid. Pete and his partner chose the hole that had been used successfully the previous year. This is the third hole I have seen being used in 5 years. They had started excavating another hole on the left of the existing entrance but had given up. They both made a number of flights into and around the hole. When the female made most of the flights I assumed she was laying eggs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hunting went on as normal and fed the pair for several weeks. Then the pattern changed...instead of eating the prey themselves they both took it into the nest. Careful examination of the nest hole on arrival in the mornings showed the female had three chicks and would sit in the cavity with them overnight. She appeared to have become a dedicated Mum. The newly hatched chicks were first seen on the 14th March. This means the eggs would have been laid around the 21st of February....the last date I noted mating.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On my next visit though I noted that only the male was feeding the nest. He did so diligently but I wondered what had happened to the female. I thought I saw her several times and the male kept calling her in between his feeding sorties. However she never reappeared..</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The weather during the early months of 2017 was uncharacteristically wet. There was one depression on the motocross track that filled with water after heavy overnight rain. Although working hard Pete enjoyed diving into the puddle which he would do multiple times before drying off on a nearby perch.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Pete even had time for a quiet puff when his partner was not looking.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">The feeding of the chicks continued with various prey being hunted and taken into the nest.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One morning I visited after heavy overnight rain. I made my usual observation of the chicks and was stunned to find only one chick in the nest chamber. It was only 2+ weeks since they hatched and it was too soon for them to have fledged. The eggs are laid over several days and hatch in the same order therefore one chick will be bigger than his siblings and more likely to get more food. I was very disappointed to find the body of one chick outside the hole. In the image below the nest hole is top, centre and the body was in the centre on the lower third of the image. There had clearly been surface water in a depression and the chick may have drowned. I assumed the other missing chick had met a similar fate but I did not find it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pete continued to feed the remaining chick like nothing untoward had happened.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It was well over a week before I was able to make another visit. I assumed the chick would be receiving prey near the entrance of the nest hole by this time. I was mortified on arrival to see the surrounds of the nest had collapsed over the entrance to the extent if the chick had been inside it would have been entombed and had a lingering death. It was just 23 days since the chicks hatched. From all accounts fledging in all Kingfisher species take 23-26 days. If the collapse had occurred within the 2 days prior to discovery it was possible that the remaining chick if well fed may have fledged against the odds.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I visited again the following week and Pete was around and still occasionally calling his absent partner. I was interrupted by turf cutters so left early thinking the kingfisher breeding cycle was sadly incomplete.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I was away for a week when my friend visited the location and reported that an adult kingfisher was feeding a juvenile in the central tree. The central tree was Pete's domain so I was very happy to know one chick may have survived.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I went back several days later and found Pete catching bugs in the early morning light and flying to the central tree where he was clearly feeding a juvenile. Pete is in the front in the image below. The fledgeling has a darker bill with a light coloured tip.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pete is tolerant of the Chestnut-headed Bee-eaters and the Blue-throated Bee-eaters in his domain. He appeared to be learning from the latter when a swarm of flying ants passed through and created a bit of a feeding frenzy. Not to be outdone by the flight wizards Pete unleashed some flight maneuvers and continued to feed the fledgeling on ants. After the flush of insects had passed through Pete returned to seeking more juicy prey and continued to feed his offspring</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pete appears to call regularly for his partner but he is something of a hero since his ability to feed his surviving chick so well resulted in an early but successful fledging and a new life in the local kingfisher population.</span></div>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7295582917493017312.post-13728405744601441142017-04-21T16:15:00.000-07:002017-04-21T16:15:53.449-07:00The colourful birds of Fraser's Hill<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have been to Fraser's Hill at least once a year for the last 20 years. I was there last week when there was a flurry of photographers trying to photograph a Red-headed Trogon pair. In the post-session lull an Australian accented voice asked where are more colourful birds to be found. It seems to be hard-wired into homo sapiens that we like beautiful objects no matter how superficial. In the bird world this usually means multi-coloured feathers. If the worlds rarest bird species was black it would garner little attention from avian photographers. While not wanting to join the majority it is hard to avoid it and it seems to be a good way to promote Fraser's Hill.....a 1200-1500 metre high hill station that has seen better days.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have said that photography at Fraser's Hill is not easy and it may take many visits or a long stay to add the range of colourful birds to an album. Some are regulars and some are infrequent migrants.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The following is an arbitrary collection that I hope will inspire many considerate and ethical photographers to record the beauty of this upland rainforest.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Perhaps the easiest colourful target are Silver-eared Mesias. They are one of the four major species that constitute bird waves and regularly visit places like the carpark at the derelict Jelai Resort.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-daNRxacWb2s/WPiDO9ab2JI/AAAAAAAAKxA/8RT3iUTZn54mXjpaJs7TDmiUbKZVS4HxACLcB/s1600/2-2-0-0-vh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-daNRxacWb2s/WPiDO9ab2JI/AAAAAAAAKxA/8RT3iUTZn54mXjpaJs7TDmiUbKZVS4HxACLcB/s640/2-2-0-0-vh.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Silver-eared Mesia</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Silver-eared Mesias</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-bearded Bee-eaters used to be found around the old rubbish dump but can be found intermittently in various places including the Telecom Loop (Jalan Girdle). Blue-throated Bee-eaters are migratory and I have seen and photographed them roosting at the reservoir at the foot of the hill and in various locations on the way up to The Gap.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-bearded Bee-eater</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-naQ2wSB2yFQ/WPiDle4FQYI/AAAAAAAAKxM/R8nzT1M3YQIfnh1TGWpMzuDMudmEKWk2ACLcB/s1600/4-4-3-0%2B%2Bb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-naQ2wSB2yFQ/WPiDle4FQYI/AAAAAAAAKxM/R8nzT1M3YQIfnh1TGWpMzuDMudmEKWk2ACLcB/s640/4-4-3-0%2B%2Bb.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-bearded Bee-eater</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IfBZtIW7kYs/WPlwV3Sy8fI/AAAAAAAAKzc/NHxgTN-kdwsXcl3SYNPRuR9DXFgrwAi2gCLcB/s1600/BTBE%2B12-3-A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IfBZtIW7kYs/WPlwV3Sy8fI/AAAAAAAAKzc/NHxgTN-kdwsXcl3SYNPRuR9DXFgrwAi2gCLcB/s640/BTBE%2B12-3-A.jpg" width="458" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blue-throated Bee-eater</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blue-throated Bee-eaters are master fliers.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Trogons are flying palettes of patchwork colour and patterns. They can be found on the Telecom Loop or between the Hemmant and the Bishop Trail entrances. Occasionally they can be found in flocks with over 10 individuals roosting in a tree.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kn2KMS5sUp8/WPiDtRkH5jI/AAAAAAAAKxQ/OsdgCU3D0SQJthj1WyFHh5cQRhs9lAehwCLcB/s1600/DPP07E104130E3A42-1000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kn2KMS5sUp8/WPiDtRkH5jI/AAAAAAAAKxQ/OsdgCU3D0SQJthj1WyFHh5cQRhs9lAehwCLcB/s640/DPP07E104130E3A42-1000.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-headed Trogon (male)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NmMPslHNV-4/WPiDwVr6jnI/AAAAAAAAKxU/CsqKz_oTQksMs-7-uZnTVKI0fdDCbaDzACLcB/s1600/Red-headed%2BTrogon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NmMPslHNV-4/WPiDwVr6jnI/AAAAAAAAKxU/CsqKz_oTQksMs-7-uZnTVKI0fdDCbaDzACLcB/s640/Red-headed%2BTrogon.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-headed Trogon (male)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Vs5HlItBtgg/WPiEAZEurUI/AAAAAAAAKxY/AZ-ZB4Tt9Y0mxAzbOFO9vUzpVrwpCIQvwCLcB/s1600/B97P3304%2B%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="490" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Vs5HlItBtgg/WPiEAZEurUI/AAAAAAAAKxY/AZ-ZB4Tt9Y0mxAzbOFO9vUzpVrwpCIQvwCLcB/s640/B97P3304%2B%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Orange-breasted Trogon</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Minivets are small dabs of colour often seen in small hyperactive groups. The males are tangerine and black and the females are mainly a bright yellow.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6UP7McJ951M/WPiEE_kVaoI/AAAAAAAAKxc/91WrC2avKuEbKBEwWBKgeJqm0Tb2aOjiQCLcB/s1600/1-1-0-0%2Bt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6UP7McJ951M/WPiEE_kVaoI/AAAAAAAAKxc/91WrC2avKuEbKBEwWBKgeJqm0Tb2aOjiQCLcB/s640/1-1-0-0%2Bt.jpg" width="556" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Grey-chinned Minivet pair</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Ew6x-_LSY/WPiEE9CDxZI/AAAAAAAAKxg/C3Fa0R-xSrgSJmvRgrsjf3L3Ch9pAY__wCLcB/s1600/DPP07DD0215142619.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Ew6x-_LSY/WPiEE9CDxZI/AAAAAAAAKxg/C3Fa0R-xSrgSJmvRgrsjf3L3Ch9pAY__wCLcB/s640/DPP07DD0215142619.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Grey-chinned Minivet (male)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Broadbills as a group are cute and colourful, two outstanding features pursued by avian photographers. Silver-breasted Broadbills are usually found deep in the forest except during nesting season where they make pendulous nest often over tracks, roads, streams or rivers. They are mostly found, but not every year, at the Waterfall area where they build nests near the stream.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1m6oGdy4_kw/WPiEJD9W9GI/AAAAAAAAKxo/t2CcUqTH5scTiiwqh113ltC0d0-TiVPxQCLcB/s1600/24%253D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="596" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1m6oGdy4_kw/WPiEJD9W9GI/AAAAAAAAKxo/t2CcUqTH5scTiiwqh113ltC0d0-TiVPxQCLcB/s640/24%253D.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Silver-breasted Broadbill (female)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pau5pb8TEQM/WPiEOHDyTAI/AAAAAAAAKxs/xbX3-AHQx8oMVgQCteEcLTSTJsB0ci4JwCLcB/s1600/Silver-breasted%2BBroadbill%2Bnestbuilding-X2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pau5pb8TEQM/WPiEOHDyTAI/AAAAAAAAKxs/xbX3-AHQx8oMVgQCteEcLTSTJsB0ci4JwCLcB/s640/Silver-breasted%2BBroadbill%2Bnestbuilding-X2.jpg" width="434" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Silver-breasted Broadbill (male)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8QDaOwT8yNU/WPiERnQ9EYI/AAAAAAAAKxw/CaXZFOJqcg4sgQLiSovyPO8Ed_QfveU0ACLcB/s1600/silver-breasted%2Bbroadbill%2Bpair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8QDaOwT8yNU/WPiERnQ9EYI/AAAAAAAAKxw/CaXZFOJqcg4sgQLiSovyPO8Ed_QfveU0ACLcB/s640/silver-breasted%2Bbroadbill%2Bpair.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Silver-breasted Broadbill pair</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y5V6i1uWosA/WPl_LZtljAI/AAAAAAAAK0Y/QqrKs4mmNaQaUtZv2BR5FMLRask7zyAlgCLcB/s1600/Silver-breasted%2BBroadbill%2Bnesting%2Bpair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y5V6i1uWosA/WPl_LZtljAI/AAAAAAAAK0Y/QqrKs4mmNaQaUtZv2BR5FMLRask7zyAlgCLcB/s640/Silver-breasted%2BBroadbill%2Bnesting%2Bpair.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Silver-breasted broadbill Pair nest building</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Long-tailed Broadbills can be found throughout the Fraser's Hill forests.....either singly, in pairs when nesting or sometimes in groups with around 10 individuals. This species is affectionately known as Elvis while supposedly sporting the pompadour hairstyle favoured by the iconic rock n roller of the 1950s. Their pendulous nests are found in high trees or above tracks. Banded Broadbills also show up from time to time.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zPZmOH68ZSs/WPiEZRLJ6oI/AAAAAAAAKx0/_YtkoKohassHjVRwGhKulNXWxlGQutLnACLcB/s1600/DPP_0008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zPZmOH68ZSs/WPiEZRLJ6oI/AAAAAAAAKx0/_YtkoKohassHjVRwGhKulNXWxlGQutLnACLcB/s640/DPP_0008.jpg" width="442" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Long-tailed Broadbill</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8KYzbJeMr_k/WPqN4c9xCGI/AAAAAAAAK2A/fLQCpid8IfgJVLkYEH8f7LFvFSC3BNomgCLcB/s1600/B97P5505-1000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8KYzbJeMr_k/WPqN4c9xCGI/AAAAAAAAK2A/fLQCpid8IfgJVLkYEH8f7LFvFSC3BNomgCLcB/s640/B97P5505-1000.jpg" width="476" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Elvis lives at Fraser's Hill</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mTjV_5OWvgE/WPiEcAvM6_I/AAAAAAAAKx4/ezAITXkU4QAJRM-fFGRhqBPwEVzE8sb7QCLcB/s1600/Long-tailed%2BBroadbill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mTjV_5OWvgE/WPiEcAvM6_I/AAAAAAAAKx4/ezAITXkU4QAJRM-fFGRhqBPwEVzE8sb7QCLcB/s640/Long-tailed%2BBroadbill.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Long-tailed Broadbill</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5mxwlpQ5kkA/WPmAyggav8I/AAAAAAAAK0s/g4wZnw-50uM0SOHPh4EX3EWbpXZ10E-dgCLcB/s1600/BBB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5mxwlpQ5kkA/WPmAyggav8I/AAAAAAAAK0s/g4wZnw-50uM0SOHPh4EX3EWbpXZ10E-dgCLcB/s640/BBB.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Banded Broadbill</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Green Magpies are sought after by photographers from Singapore or Malaysia where the multi-coloured bird is rather elusive. I have only every managed one good session with this beauty as they appear briefly and often at daybreak before the light is good for photography. I have seen Thai and Indian photographers ignore their appearance as they are much more abundant in other countries.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oZcaf2whBvQ/WPiEjyn7QWI/AAAAAAAAKx8/VFeQL-6ebq4vzT3RkzXR6uHdVJKFpQjoQCLcB/s1600/DPP07DD02140E1B56.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oZcaf2whBvQ/WPiEjyn7QWI/AAAAAAAAKx8/VFeQL-6ebq4vzT3RkzXR6uHdVJKFpQjoQCLcB/s640/DPP07DD02140E1B56.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Green Magpie</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Leafbirds are also a universally multi-coloured species, the Blue-winged and Lesser Green Leafbird is not so common but the Orange-bellied Leafbirds can be frequently found sucking nectar from the Bottlebrush trees that are in many locations around Fraser's Hill including the carpark at the derelict Jelai Resort.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YT4rhNa8mFQ/WPlw_LHI1PI/AAAAAAAAKzk/GsW2nGWiwqo8knroKZjIls2vOnJsO3gQgCLcB/s1600/Merapoh54.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YT4rhNa8mFQ/WPlw_LHI1PI/AAAAAAAAKzk/GsW2nGWiwqo8knroKZjIls2vOnJsO3gQgCLcB/s640/Merapoh54.jpg" width="496" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Blue-winged Leafbird</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ib4QHiCq3zQ/WPiEy61cOFI/AAAAAAAAKyA/oJsyCFEYJrYFK_Z00xflDuMO4SFgTniFQCLcB/s1600/Malaysia_Sabah_Great_Green_Lafbird_adult_male.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ib4QHiCq3zQ/WPiEy61cOFI/AAAAAAAAKyA/oJsyCFEYJrYFK_Z00xflDuMO4SFgTniFQCLcB/s640/Malaysia_Sabah_Great_Green_Lafbird_adult_male.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lesser Green Leafbird (male)</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dIbqOXlsdG0/WPiHPt8KTsI/AAAAAAAAKyk/iESyvsb3iEAcOV4AO3GnkIDgPK9WYpLoQCLcB/s1600/B97P4789-1620.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="568" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dIbqOXlsdG0/WPiHPt8KTsI/AAAAAAAAKyk/iESyvsb3iEAcOV4AO3GnkIDgPK9WYpLoQCLcB/s640/B97P4789-1620.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Orange-bellied Leafbird (male)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Flycatchers come in many shapes and sizes from very small to quite large and ornate. Verditer flycatchers are seen in many locations. The one below was nesting under the eaves of the Jelai Resort. The exotic-looking male Asian Paradise Flycatcher was photographed 10 years ago in the carpark of the Jelai Resort....when the resort was busy with guests. The Mugimaki flycatcher is a more diminutive species found seasonally in a number of locations.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--3qxfuooCfM/WPiE35ppMjI/AAAAAAAAKyE/-R0PWVY3bqcMOvFMt05eH2c2BFhlMBgWACLcB/s1600/8-11-0-1-oo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--3qxfuooCfM/WPiE35ppMjI/AAAAAAAAKyE/-R0PWVY3bqcMOvFMt05eH2c2BFhlMBgWACLcB/s640/8-11-0-1-oo.jpg" width="446" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Verditer flycatcher (male)</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2NYWJ5b2QNQ/WPiFN3-J9YI/AAAAAAAAKyM/oLL2qpMylKoIAYKKbM-kn05texJbV4Y0gCLcB/s1600/Asian%2BParadise%2Bflycatcher%2B%2528male%2529-X2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2NYWJ5b2QNQ/WPiFN3-J9YI/AAAAAAAAKyM/oLL2qpMylKoIAYKKbM-kn05texJbV4Y0gCLcB/s640/Asian%2BParadise%2Bflycatcher%2B%2528male%2529-X2.jpg" width="470" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Asian Paradise Flycatcher (male)</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-75rsaIY5NVI/WPiHj7dquqI/AAAAAAAAKyo/c2gtmsNhWKEfBJGSw9FgeLD5ctqDXbDwwCLcB/s1600/DPP07DD0213141634.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-75rsaIY5NVI/WPiHj7dquqI/AAAAAAAAKyo/c2gtmsNhWKEfBJGSw9FgeLD5ctqDXbDwwCLcB/s640/DPP07DD0213141634.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mugimaki Flycatcher (male)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Woodpeckers are invariably multicoloured. The most observed species in Fraser's Hill are the Great and Lesser Yellownape. The yellow colour of the mohawk headpiece identifying the presence and type. other woodpecker types such as the Checker-throated and the Banded are less often observed</span>. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After the Yellownapes the next most observed species is the Crimson-winged Woodpecker.</span></div>
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<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6cadA6VlYRQ/WPlu4T-POkI/AAAAAAAAKzQ/SO_65I_bHX83KDAZVzYqgBSK4IHuJ6PSgCLcB/s1600/Checker-throated.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6cadA6VlYRQ/WPlu4T-POkI/AAAAAAAAKzQ/SO_65I_bHX83KDAZVzYqgBSK4IHuJ6PSgCLcB/s640/Checker-throated.jpg" width="456" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Checker-throated Woodpecker</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--5P8JmqlqC4/WPiFZz2K-dI/AAAAAAAAKyQ/yh8KchZCpRs-Zhv5dwCMIGOyfmioTC1KwCLcB/s1600/Crimson-winged%2BWoodpecker%2B12-07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="458" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--5P8JmqlqC4/WPiFZz2K-dI/AAAAAAAAKyQ/yh8KchZCpRs-Zhv5dwCMIGOyfmioTC1KwCLcB/s640/Crimson-winged%2BWoodpecker%2B12-07.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Banded Woodpecker</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PELUzg_xevk/WPiw74MUYCI/AAAAAAAAKzA/EeTlOZYy5Nc1F6TB9ugbSM9EZfZh96BggCLcB/s1600/8bd242aae57e0044cd58da0ccf07e010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PELUzg_xevk/WPiw74MUYCI/AAAAAAAAKzA/EeTlOZYy5Nc1F6TB9ugbSM9EZfZh96BggCLcB/s640/8bd242aae57e0044cd58da0ccf07e010.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lesser Yellownape</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LInOhMxoMWg/WPlzGskkMRI/AAAAAAAAKzw/fUhBthvNgy0vXMqJHzoRSfFse61wsXIqgCLcB/s1600/a1320a6bdc2cc33462464912ea13ef40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LInOhMxoMWg/WPlzGskkMRI/AAAAAAAAKzw/fUhBthvNgy0vXMqJHzoRSfFse61wsXIqgCLcB/s640/a1320a6bdc2cc33462464912ea13ef40.jpg" width="456" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Greater Yellownape</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-55FMwLjMTP8/WPqGx3XXBoI/AAAAAAAAK1c/Tt1-l9riFfgH5tYZjL_WfSKD73Cao2bKwCEw/s1600/4122_crimson-winged_woodpecker_picus_puniceus_ijen_java_indonesia_20100724_1_1200.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="488" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-55FMwLjMTP8/WPqGx3XXBoI/AAAAAAAAK1c/Tt1-l9riFfgH5tYZjL_WfSKD73Cao2bKwCEw/s640/4122_crimson-winged_woodpecker_picus_puniceus_ijen_java_indonesia_20100724_1_1200.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Crimson-winged Woodpecker</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Barbets are invariably a colourful species. The most prominent in the location being the Fire-tufted Babrbet. They respond to hotels and individuals leaving fruit in feeding stations. Their call sound like a poorly maintained generator motor starting up. Another common call in the evenings is from the Black-browed Barbet. Less common are the Red Throated and the Gold Whiskered Barbets.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bqrdYfbvDg4/WPiFbPEwQSI/AAAAAAAAKyU/cI_EFvZLj7oEGW0gRJBfmCsiz00YMwbjQCLcB/s1600/Fire-tufted%2Bbarbet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bqrdYfbvDg4/WPiFbPEwQSI/AAAAAAAAKyU/cI_EFvZLj7oEGW0gRJBfmCsiz00YMwbjQCLcB/s640/Fire-tufted%2Bbarbet.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fire-tufted Barbet</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tD-ML_lY07c/WPiFluYFVHI/AAAAAAAAKyY/Zzz6NNYojz09OxEmObxlMBPb4BjVTsxaQCLcB/s1600/DPP07E002070A2024.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tD-ML_lY07c/WPiFluYFVHI/AAAAAAAAKyY/Zzz6NNYojz09OxEmObxlMBPb4BjVTsxaQCLcB/s640/DPP07E002070A2024.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fire-tufted Barbet portrait</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-749wzjtT0Ds/WPl8XQhMoXI/AAAAAAAAK0A/WS80ETiomD8C8g2VvKgXwaKLisd7U1X2wCLcB/s1600/Picture1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-749wzjtT0Ds/WPl8XQhMoXI/AAAAAAAAK0A/WS80ETiomD8C8g2VvKgXwaKLisd7U1X2wCLcB/s640/Picture1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gold-whiskered Barbet</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2SSrL6JqkqM/WPnUzBlhfNI/AAAAAAAAK08/cPIFhUjOMU0_F_0wqkvl_gV4oycxmoBjwCLcB/s1600/83b4cf5d9002fc49fb3c00e9f220089d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2SSrL6JqkqM/WPnUzBlhfNI/AAAAAAAAK08/cPIFhUjOMU0_F_0wqkvl_gV4oycxmoBjwCLcB/s640/83b4cf5d9002fc49fb3c00e9f220089d.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Black-browed Barbet</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EnovlWTtIvo/WPiwMi7JueI/AAAAAAAAKy4/kq_216FUVi0yyRj-MEinAvgTDezCCecbgCLcB/s1600/J1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EnovlWTtIvo/WPiwMi7JueI/AAAAAAAAKy4/kq_216FUVi0yyRj-MEinAvgTDezCCecbgCLcB/s640/J1.jpg" width="610" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Red-throated Barbet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sultan Tits are not uncommon and they can be seen around the Telecom Loop searching for protein. I have seen them aggressively strip captured caterpillars and large cicadas that are attracted to night lights.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AA-h706-eIY/WPiwi3uJn0I/AAAAAAAAKy8/ixOc4qdsm3AI2bECxrOtXqYFKrZHJD1dACLcB/s1600/F5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AA-h706-eIY/WPiwi3uJn0I/AAAAAAAAKy8/ixOc4qdsm3AI2bECxrOtXqYFKrZHJD1dACLcB/s640/F5.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sultan Tit</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Several smaller birds come under the colourful category and are relatively common.The Orange Breasted Flowerpecker and the Black-throated Sunbird are two such examples. The latter seems poorly named because it is a bird of many colours which are best seen in full sunlight whereby irridescent purples and crimsons are revealed.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f441Eia5y38/WPqFZl1DlJI/AAAAAAAAK1M/dHD7AsQZDLctn2zU3ZaNvD6kB6s-c2slwCLcB/s1600/7432517440_f5d768084b_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f441Eia5y38/WPqFZl1DlJI/AAAAAAAAK1M/dHD7AsQZDLctn2zU3ZaNvD6kB6s-c2slwCLcB/s640/7432517440_f5d768084b_b.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Orange-breasted Flowerpecker</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Black-throated Sunbird.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pigeons and Doves may not be high on photographers wishlists but they too can be colourful. Two examples of this found at Fraser's Hill include the Common Emerald Dove and the Thick-billed Green Pigeon.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Common Emerald Dove</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Thick-billed Green Pigeon</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Two other birds seen at Fraser's Hill that come under the arbitrary colourful category are Dollarbirds and Asian Fairy Bluebirds. The latter is relatively common especially on fruiting trees. Dollarbirds always seem to perch on high branches and their colour is best appreciated at close quarters.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dollarbird</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asian Fairy Bluebird</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although I have not observed them there both at this location the Blue Winged Pitta and the Rhinoceros Hornbill have been recorded in Fraser's Hill, Thare worth keeping an eye out for for your colourful portfolio</span>.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #7f6000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rhinoceros Hornbill (female)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blue-winged Pitta</span></td></tr>
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Graeme Guy http://www.blogger.com/profile/01206652930470261533noreply@blogger.com4